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  • 1.
    Amin, Khabat
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Political, Historical, Religious and Cultural Studies (from 2013). Swedish Transport agency, Sweden.
    Nilson, Finn
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Center for Societal Risk Research, CSR (from 2020). Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Political, Historical, Religious and Cultural Studies (from 2013). Luleå University of Technology, Sweden.
    Bonander, Carl
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Center for Societal Risk Research, CSR (from 2020). University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Carlsson, Anna
    Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden; chalmers industriteknik, Sweden.
    Reversing accidents involving pedestrians: an epidemiological investigation and cluster analysis using a novel database derived from Swedish National Register data2024In: Traffic Injury Prevention, ISSN 1538-9588, E-ISSN 1538-957XArticle in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    ObjectivesIn contemporary urban environments, the intersection between Vulnerable Road Users, specifically unprotected pedestrians, and motor vehicles poses a persistent challenge to road safety. Reversing accidents, characterized by vehicles moving backward, often result in severe consequences for pedestrians due to limited visibility and inherent blind spots for the driver. This paper aims to provide a thorough examination of reversing accidents involving pedestrians in Sweden between 2000-2021; shedding light on the magnitude of the problem, contributing factors, consequences, and potential mitigation strategies.MethodUsing a national database, reversing accidents were compiled by classifying free text descriptions of traffic accidents reported to the Swedish Traffic Accident Data Acquisition. The database was then used to describe reversing accidents and their consequences for struck pedestrians using descriptive epidemiology and cluster analysis.ResultsThe results show that reversing accidents accounted for 12% of all pedestrians injured in a collision with a motor vehicle in Sweden during the studied period. In terms of personal characteristics, the struck pedestrians were more often female and of old or young age, whilst the drivers of the reversing vehicles were more often between 18-54 years and men. Most accidents were non-fatal, with only roughly 2% resulting in fatalities. Through a cluster analysis, four distinct accident types were identified. Two of these were identified as particularly important to prioritize in future preventative work: accidents that are characterized by occur during daylight hours in the urban environment (often low speeds) and often result in fatality or serious injury.ConclusionsDue to the low speeds, reversing accidents are rarely fatal. However, they account for a large proportion of accidents with pedestrians and can be grouped into clearly distinguishable accident types that can function as templates in road safety development in Sweden.

  • 2.
    Amundsen, Hilde Rigmor
    et al.
    Norsk institutt for kulturminneforskning, Norge.
    Dahlström, Margareta
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Geography, Media and Communication (from 2013).
    Kjønsberg, Marius
    Høgskolen i Innlandet, Norge.
    Svensson, Eva
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Political, Historical, Religious and Cultural Studies (from 2013).
    Josefsson, Sigrid
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Centre for Research on Sustainable Societal Transformation. Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Artistic Studies (from 2013). Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Center for Societal Risk Research, CSR (from 2020).
    Ost, getter, landskap och hållbar utveckling2023In: Matarvets trådar: Från antik fisksås till svenskt fredagsmys / [ed] Jenny Högström Berntson, Pernilla Schedin, Stockholm: Carlssons Bokförlag , 2023Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 3.
    Andersson Granberg, Tobias
    et al.
    Linköpings universitet, Sverige.
    Grönbäck, Anna-Maria
    Linköpings universitet, Sverige.
    Johansson, Magnus
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Center for Societal Risk Research, CSR (from 2020). Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Political, Historical, Religious and Cultural Studies (from 2013).
    Waldemarsson, Martin
    Linköpings universitet, Sverige.
    Plattform för analys av förmågan att hantera händelser med avseende på ett förändrat klimat (PAKT)2023Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    För att kunna hantera framtida klimatrelaterade händelser behöver samhällets beredskap anpassas och sannolikt utökas. Kunskapsläget över vilken förmåga som behövs för att hantera risker i ett förändrat klimat behöver sammanställas och framtida behov behöver jämföras mot nuvarande beredskapsnivåer för att identifiera lämpliga åtgärder. En analys behöver göras kring eventuella brister, utifrån vilken åtgärder sedan kan prioriteras och vidtas avseende olika delar i förmågan att hantera händelser, bland annat avseende tillhandahållande av statliga förstärkningsresurser. Denna studie analyserar vilken systematik som kan vara aktuell för att möjliggöra sådana analyser och utredningar.Studiens övergripande syfte är att ge förslag kring hur bedömningar kan göras om framtidens behov av statliga förstärkningsresurser i syfte att möta framtidens klimatrelaterade risker. Detta inkluderar en sammanställning av kunskapsläget kring risker och scenarion avseende framtida naturhändelser utifrån ett klimatförändringsperspektiv, med information om var mer kunskap kan hittas. Det inkluderar också att titta på metoder för att dels analysera behov av förmåga på olika nivåer att hantera de klimatrelaterade riskerna och dels hur dimensionering av förmåga kan göras för att möta behovet.Studien består av två delar. I del 1 ges en sammanställning av kunskapsläget om riskbilder och scenarion i Sverige vad gäller framtida naturhändelser utifrån ett klimatförändringsperspektiv och tidsperioden fram till ca år 2100. I del 2 presenteras initialt ett konceptuellt ramverk för kartläggning av beredskap uppdelat i fyra huvuddomäner: Behov, Resurs, Styrning och Beroenden. Baserat på ramverket presenteras därefter en metodik för att analysera samhällets förmåga att hantera framtida händelser i ett förändrat klimat. För att kunna identifiera en lämplig framtida beredskapsnivå, behöver samhällets förmåga att hantera händelser gentemot en framtida riskbild analyseras. Del 2 fokuserar på hur relevanta myndigheter ska kunna gå tillväga för att göra en sådan analys som slutligen kan utgöra beslutsunderlag avseende framtida beredskap. Avslutningsvis ges ett exempel på hur metoden kan användas där händelsen skogsbrand, av omfattningen att nationella förstärkningsresurser i form av MSBs upphandlade helikoptrar och flygplan för skogsbrandbekämpning kan bli aktuella att nyttja, utgör själva händelsen.

  • 4.
    Andersson, Ragnar
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Center for Societal Risk Research, CSR (from 2020).
    Gell, Thomas
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Center for Societal Risk Research, CSR (from 2020).
    Vision zero on fire safety2022In: The Vision Zero Handbook / [ed] Karin Edvardsson Björnberg, Sven Ove Hansson, Matts-Åke Belin, Claes Tingvall, Springer, 2022, 1st, p. 1143-1164Chapter in book (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    There is a growing interest in addressing global waste problems by applying innovative ideas and philosophies such as zero-waste and circular economy. As a new sustainability paradigm, zero-waste challenges the common assumption of waste as a valueless and unavoidable by-product created at the end of the product’s life phase. Instead, it acknowledges that waste is a "misallocated resource" or "resource in transition" produced during the intermediate phases of production and consumption activities. Waste should be recirculated to production and consumption processes. Therefore, zero waste means no "waste" would be wasted under the circular economy system. This chapter presents various examples of zero-waste practices derived from family, community, business, and city levels. In addition, zero-waste implementation strategies and actions are also discussed in the chapter. Despite its potential, the visionary zero-waste goals cannot be achieved without responsible global stewardship and active citizens’ role. 

  • 5.
    Beckman, Linda
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences (from 2013). University of Florida, USA.
    Gustavsson, Johanna
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Center for Societal Risk Research, CSR (from 2020).
    Coping strategies for increased wellbeing and mental health among older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic - a Swedish qualitative study2023In: Ageing & Society, ISSN 0144-686X, E-ISSN 1469-1779Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Older adults were particularly vulnerable to the COVID-19 pandemic, necessitating significant efforts to avoid contamination. This extraordinary situation posed an increased risk of mental pressure, and the ability to handle stressful situations is affected by several aspects. Therefore, this study aims to explore the coping strategies employed by older adults during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic. A sample of 41 Swedish older adults aged 70-85 participated in phone interviews regarding their experiences with social distancing due to COVID-19. The interviews were conducted between April and May 2020, with nine follow-up interviews conducted in November and December 2020. The findings revealed results that despite the challenging circumstances, the participants demonstrated a strong mindset and resilience. Strategies utilised to improve their wellbeing and manage the situation included following recommendations, accepting the situation and maintaining a positive outlook. The influence of previous experiences on their coping strategies was evident. Additionally, the participants expressed a longing for their relatives and a need to adopt new technologies to manage their everyday lives. The follow-up interviews indicated no significant changes in worry or behaviour; if anything, participants were less worried at the beginning of the pandemic. This study contributes to the ongoing discussion on vulnerability among older adults by highlighting the diverse range of coping strategies employed during a prolonged crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic. It demonstrated that though they are medically vulnerable, they are situationally resilient and, in many ways, well set to handle a challenging situation. During crises, older adults might need practical assistance. On the other hand, they can be a resource regarding mental preparedness during crises. Further research should explore the possibilities of balancing the needs of older adults and, at the same time, viewing them as a resource during long-time crises. 

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  • 6.
    Bellström, Peter
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Karlstad Business School (from 2013).
    Persson, Erik
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Political, Historical, Religious and Cultural Studies (from 2013).
    Magnusson, Monika
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Karlstad Business School (from 2013).
    Pettersson, John Sören
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Karlstad Business School (from 2013).
    Wik, Malin
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Karlstad Business School (from 2013).
    Venemyr, Geir Ove
    Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences.
    Hindersson, Emelie
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Center for Societal Risk Research, CSR (from 2020).
    Canvas som plattform för digitala krisövningar: Några första resultat från en demonstrationsövning2020In: Kursdesign i Canvas: Bidrag från universitetspedagogisk konferens 2019 / [ed] Niklas Jakobsson och Carina Vikström, Karlstad: Karlstads universitet, 2020, p. 11-42Chapter in book (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Övning ger färdighet och det gäller inte bara i traditionell undervisning utan också vid krisledning. Krisledning kännetecknas av att medlemmarna i en krisledningsgrupp ska ansvara för sina respektive verksamhetsområden och genom snabb interaktion och samordning över verksamhetsgränserna mildra effekterna av krisen för organisationen eller samhället som helhet. Det innebär att rollmedvetenhet och kommunikationsförmåga måste tränas för den enskilde så väl som för gruppen som helhet. På gruppnivå är också samverkan och koordinering internt och externt viktigt att öva. Tidigare studier visar att organisationer är intresserade av möjligheten att öva mer via digitala verktyg (Wik et al., 2017). Inom ramen för det till och med 2021 pågående Interregprojektet CriseIT 2 utvecklar vi ett koncept för övningsstöd baserat på lärplattformar. Kapitlet beskriver genom en fallstudie hur en seminarieövning kan genomföras med stöd av lärplattformen Canvas. Data till studien har samlats in genom observationer, enkäter, storgruppsdiskussion och deltagarnas indata till Canvas. Erfarenheter från fallstudien sammanfattas i möjligheter, problem och förbättringsbehov kopplade till Canvas och övningsdesignen, och rekommendationer ges både för krisövning och för undervisning baserad på problematisering och dilemmaövningar i klassrummet.

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  • 7.
    Bergström, Göran
    et al.
    University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden; Sahlgrenska University Hospital Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Hagberg, Eva
    University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sweden.
    Björnson, Elias
    University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Adiels, Martin
    University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Bonander, Carl
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Center for Societal Risk Research, CSR (from 2020). University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Strömberg, Ulf
    University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Region Halland, Sweden.
    Andersson, Jonas
    Umeå University, Sweden.
    Brunström, Mattias
    Linköping University, Sweden.
    Carlhäll, Carl-Johan
    Linköping University, Sweden.
    Engström, Gunnar
    Lund University, Sweden.
    Erlinge, David
    Skåne University Hospital, Sweden.
    Goncalves, Isabel
    Skåne University Hospital, Sweden; Lund University, Sweden.
    Gummesson, Anders
    University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sweden.
    Hagström, Emil
    Uppsala University, Sweden.
    Hjelmgren, Ola
    University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sweden.
    James, Stefan
    Uppsala University, Sweden.
    Janzon, Magnus
    Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sweden.
    Jonasson, Lena
    Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sweden.
    Lind, Lars
    Uppsala University, Sweden.
    Magnusson, Martin
    Lund University, Sweden; Skåne University Hospital, Sweden; North-West University Potchefstroom, South Africa.
    Oskarsson, Viktor
    Umeå University, Sweden; Region Norrbotten, Sweden.
    Sundström, Johan
    Uppsala University, Sweden; University of New South Wales, Australia.
    Svensson, Per
    Department of Clinical Science and Education, Sweden; Södersjukhuset Stockholm, Sweden.
    Söderberg, Stefan
    Umeå University, Sweden.
    Themudo, Raquel
    Karolinska Institute, Sweden; Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden.
    Östgren, Carl Johan
    Linköping University, Sweden.
    Jernberg, Tomas
    Karolinska Institute, Sweden.
    Self-Report Tool for Identification of Individuals With Coronary Atherosclerosis: The Swedish CardioPulmonary BioImage Study2024In: Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease, E-ISSN 2047-9980, Vol. 13, no 14, article id e034603Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Coronary atherosclerosis detected by imaging is a marker of elevated cardiovascular risk. However, imaging involves large resources and exposure to radiation. The aim was, therefore, to test whether nonimaging data, specifically data that can be self-reported, could be used to identify individuals with moderate to severe coronary atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS: We used data from the population-based SCAPIS (Swedish CardioPulmonary BioImage Study) in individuals with coronary computed tomography angiography (n=25 182) and coronary artery calcification score (n=28 701), aged 50 to 64 years without previous ischemic heart disease. We developed a risk prediction tool using variables that could be assessed from home (self-report tool). For comparison, we also developed a tool using variables from laboratory tests, physical examinations, and self-report (clinical tool) and evaluated both models using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, external validation, and benchmarked against factors in the pooled cohort equation. The self-report tool (n=14 variables) and the clinical tool (n=23 variables) showed high-to-excellent discriminative ability to identify a segment involvement score ≥4 (area under the curve 0.79 and 0.80, respectively) and significantly better than the pooled cohort equation (area under the curve 0.76, P<0.001). The tools showed a larger net benefit in clinical decision-making at relevant threshold probabilities. The self-report tool identified 65% of all individuals with a segment involvement score ≥4 in the top 30% of the highest-risk individuals. Tools developed for coronary artery calcification score ≥100 performed similarly. CONCLUSIONS: We have developed a self-report tool that effectively identifies individuals with moderate to severe coronary atherosclerosis. The self-report tool may serve as prescreening tool toward a cost-effective computed tomography-based screening program for high-risk individuals.

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  • 8.
    Billmayer, Hanna
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Center for Societal Risk Research, CSR (from 2020).
    Osäkerheter till följd av klimatförändringar: Den förväntade havsnivåhöjningens påverkan på samhällsplaneringen2022Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Climate change brings uncertainties that pose challenges for urban planning. Under the Swedish Planning and Building Act (2010:900), municipalities are responsible for land-use planning within their defined geographical area. Coastal areas are in many cases highly developed, densely populated and economically important, and sea level rise is expected to expose these areas to complex risks that may result in loss of life, land and livelihoods if actions are not implemented. It is therefore widely recognised that climate adaptation cannot wait. Land elevation in Sweden have a mitigating effect on the sea level rise. The aim of this study is to investigate how Swedish municipalities deal with these uncertainties in the zone planning process based on different theories of decision making.

    Method: The study is based on a multi-case study design in order to build up cases that can be compared and weighed against each other in order to gain generalizable knowledge. Qualitative method was used as an inspiration to compile large amounts of evidence and to keep the focus on the collected data throughout the process. The cases Helsingborg City and Varberg Municipality have been selected through a strategic selection: the municipalities have active or recently adopted zone plans in the coastal area. Two data sources have been used in the study: expert interviews from the selected cases and documentation linked to the selected cases. The transcripts of the expert interviews and the documents have been analysed through a qualitative content analysis.

    Results: Both municipalities have identified a risk of flooding from the sea in the zone planning process. The city of Helsingborg has a policy document, adopted by the municipal council, with specified safety levels for construction near the coast. This level has been used for zone planning until now, but it is under discussion in a separate ongoing planning process within the municipality due to newly available research-based knowledge. The sustainability of the new construction is the most important factor for climate adaptation. The IPCC scenario RCP8.5 has been used as a safety measure during the process and the time perspective is set to 2150. In other areas a shorter time perspective might be used due to present development.

    Varberg municipality acknowledges that their current policy document is outdated due to new and accumulated knowledge on the effects of climate change. The municipality has been in contact with various governmental agencies to identify suitable actions. However, the prerequisites given by different authorities are conflicting, and the County Administrative Board announced that an expert study must be conducted. The municipality has chosen the worst-case scenario of the year 2150 as a condition in their planning. However, since the ground cannot be sufficiently raised due to existing development, they have a finished-floor-level ordinance in the zone plan. 

    Conclusion: Sea level rise poses complex and combined risks, but due to popularity, short-term growth takes precedence over safety in urban planning even when areas are identified as unsuitable by the civil servants. Uncertainty and the constant addition of new knowledge pose a challenge for local authorities. Municipalities want to build sustainable residential areas, but the conditions of the existing buildings at the location can have an impact on the climate adaptation. Helsingborg uses the precautionary principle and As Low As Reasonably Practicable (ALARP) decision-making strategies in their urban planning, while Varberg uses ALARP. During the process of the study a new theoretical framework have evolved.

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  • 9.
    Bonander, Carl
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Center for Societal Risk Research, CSR (from 2020). University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Nilsson, Anton
    Lund University, Sweden.
    Li, Huiqi
    University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Sharma, Shambhavi
    University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Nwaru, Chioma
    University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Gisslén, Magnus
    University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sweden.
    Lindh, Magnus
    University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sweden.
    Hammar, Niklas
    Karolinska Institute, Sweden.
    Björk, Jonas
    University of Lund, Sweden; Skåne University Hospital, Sweden.
    Nyberg, Fredrik
    University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    A Capture-Recapture-based Ascertainment Probability Weighting Method for Effect Estimation with Under-ascertained Outcomes2024In: Epidemiology, ISSN 1044-3983, E-ISSN 1531-5487, Vol. 35, no 3, p. 340-348Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Outcome under-ascertainment, characterized by the incomplete identification or reporting of cases, poses a substantial challenge in epidemiologic research. While capture-recapture methods can estimate unknown case numbers, their role in estimating exposure effects in observational studies is not well established. This paper presents an ascertainment probability weighting framework that integrates capture-recapture and propensity score weighting. We propose a nonparametric estimator of effects on binary outcomes that combines exposure propensity scores with data from two conditionally independent outcome measurements to simultaneously adjust for confounding and under-ascertainment. Demonstrating its practical application, we apply the method to estimate the relationship between health care work and coronavirus disease 2019 testing in a Swedish region. We find that ascertainment probability weighting greatly influences the estimated association compared to conventional inverse probability weighting, underscoring the importance of accounting for under-ascertainment in studies with limited outcome data coverage. We conclude with practical guidelines for the method’s implementation, discussing its strengths, limitations, and suitable scenarios for application. 

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  • 10.
    Bonander, Carl
    et al.
    University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Stranges, Debora
    Lund University, Sweden.
    Gustavsson, Johanna
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Center for Societal Risk Research, CSR (from 2020).
    Almgren, Matilda
    Skåne University Hospital, Sweden.
    Inghammar, Malin
    Skåne University Hospital, Sweden; Lund University, Sweden.
    Moghaddassi, Mahnaz
    Lund University, Sweden.
    Nilsson, Anton
    Lund University, Sweden.
    Pujol, Joan Capdevila
    ZOE Ltd, UK.
    Steves, Claire
    King’s College London, UK.
    Franks, Paul W.
    Skåne University Hospital, Sweden; Harvard Chan School of Public Health, USA.
    Gomez, Maria F.
    Lund University Diabetes Centre, Sweden.
    Fall, Tove
    Uppsala University, Sweden.
    Björk, Jonas
    Lund University, Sweden; Skåne University Hospital, Sweden.
    A regression discontinuity analysis of the social distancing recommendations for older adults in Sweden during COVID-192022In: European Journal of Public Health, ISSN 1101-1262, E-ISSN 1464-360X, Vol. 32, no 5, p. 799-806Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: This article investigates the impact of a non-mandatory and age-specific social distancing recommendation on isolation behaviours and disease outcomes in Sweden during the first wave of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic (March to July 2020). The policy stated that people aged 70 years or older should avoid crowded places and contact with people outside the household. Methods: We used a regression discontinuity design-in combination with self-reported isolation data from COVID Symptom Study Sweden (n = 96 053; age range: 39-79 years) and national register data (age range: 39-100+ years) on severe COVID-19 disease (hospitalization or death, n = 21 804) and confirmed cases (n = 48 984)-to estimate the effects of the policy. Results: Our primary analyses showed a sharp drop in the weekly number of visits to crowded places (-13%) and severe COVID-19 cases (-16%) at the 70-year threshold. These results imply that the age-specific recommendations prevented approximately 1800-2700 severe COVID-19 cases, depending on model specification. Conclusions: It seems that the non-mandatory, age-specific recommendations helped control COVID-19 disease during the first wave of the pandemic in Sweden, as opposed to not implementing a social distancing policy aimed at older adults. Our study provides empirical data on how populations may react to non-mandatory, age-specific social distancing policies in the face of a novel virus.

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  • 11.
    Chauca Strand, Gabriella
    et al.
    University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Johansson, Naimi
    University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Örebro University, Sweden.
    Jakobsson, Niklas
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Karlstad Business School (from 2013).
    Bonander, Carl
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Center for Societal Risk Research, CSR (from 2020). University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Svensson, Mikael
    University of Gothenburg, Sweden; University of Florida, USA.
    Cancer Drugs Reimbursed with Limited Evidence on Overall Survival and Quality of Life: Do Follow-Up Studies Confirm Patient Benefits?2023In: Clinical drug investigation, ISSN 1173-2563, E-ISSN 1179-1918, Vol. 43, no 8, p. 621-633Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background and ObjectiveCancer drug costs have increased considerably within healthcare systems, but many drugs lack quality-of-life (QoL) and overall survival (OS) data at the time of reimbursement approval. This study aimed to review the extent of subsequent literature documenting improvements in OS and QoL for cancer drug indications where no such evidence existed at the time of reimbursement approval.MethodsDrug indications with claims of added therapeutical value but a lack of evidence on OS and QoL that were reimbursed between 2010 and 2020 in Sweden were included for review. Searches were conducted in PubMed and ClinicalTrial.gov for randomized controlled trials examining OS and QoL.ResultsOf the 22 included drug indications, seven were found to have at least one trial with conclusive evidence of improvements in OS or QoL after a mean follow-up of 6.6 years. The remaining 15 drug indications either lacked subsequent randomized controlled trial data on OS or QoL (n = 6) or showed no statistically significant improvements (n = 9). Only one drug demonstrated evidence of improvement in both OS and QoL for its indication.ConclusionsA considerable share of reimbursed cancer drug indications continue to lack evidence of improvement in both OS and QoL. With limited healthcare resources and an increasing cancer burden, third-party payers have strong incentives to require additional post-reimbursement data to confirm any improvements in OS and QoL.

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  • 12.
    Christenson, Nina
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Geography, Media and Communication (from 2013). Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Science, Mathematics and Engineering Education Research. Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Center for Societal Risk Research, CSR (from 2020).
    Haglund, Jesper
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Engineering and Physics (from 2013). Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Science, Mathematics and Engineering Education Research.
    Design of learning activities that target students’ risk perception in promoting climate literacy2021Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Mittenzwei et al. (2019) recognise the need for a broadened view on climate literacy among students that takes into account a deep understanding of the energy concept, but also matters of risk perception, and attitudes towards climate change, and a willingness to change towards a more climate-friendly behaviour. In a collaboration between Karlstad University and the Leibniz Institute for Science and Mathematics Education (IPN) in Kiel, we run a project aiming to contribute to understanding of prerequisites for secondary students’ development of resilience in relation to human-made climate change. Towards this aim we develop learning activities in different contexts that show varying degrees of authenticity of risk. Contexts in the Swedish part of the project involve: the increased risk of flooding due to climate change in western Sweden; increasing frequency of forest fires in Sweden the last decade; students’ understanding of energy transfer and transformations by use of infrared cameras. In the presentation we focus on results from pilot studies in relation to the flooding and infrared-camera contexts. Regarding the risk of flooding, through the game Riskville preservice teacher students have experienced in a hands-on manner the conflicts and connections urban planning, conflicting interests, and climate related risk (Christenson et al., 2019). By using infrared cameras, students get the opportunity to see otherwise invisible phenomena, such as heat convection and radiation (Haglund et al., 2015).

  • 13.
    Christenson, Nina
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Center for Societal Risk Research, CSR (from 2020).
    Hindersson, Emelie
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Center for Societal Risk Research, CSR (from 2020). Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Political, Historical, Religious and Cultural Studies (from 2013).
    Jakobsson, Martin
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Centre for the Studies of Social Sciences Didactics (from 2013). Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Political, Historical, Religious and Cultural Studies (from 2013).
    Olsson, David
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Political, Historical, Religious and Cultural Studies (from 2013).
    Thörne, Karin
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences (from 2013). Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Science, Mathematics and Engineering Education Research.
    Undervisning för krisberedskap i grundskolans tidigare år – en förstudie2023Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Omvärldsutvecklingen, Sveriges rustning av det civila försvaret, barnrättsfrågor och att barn är särskilt utsatta i krissituationer är starka skäl till att krisberedskapsundervisning i skolans lägre årskurser bör införas.

    I denna rapport presenteras en förstudie med syfte att undersöka förutsättningar för undervisning för krisberedskap i skolans lägre årskurser. Rapportens inledande forskningsöversikt visar att krisberedskapsundervisning för barn stärker krismedvetenheten och krishanteringsförmågan i det omgivande samhället och att det är gynnsamt att undervisa om krisberedskap redan i tidig ålder. Undervisning som anammar elevaktiva metoder och samverkar med föräldrar och lokalsamhälle har särskilt positiva effekter på elevers lärande. Resultaten från förstudien visar att svenska kursplaner och läroböcker riktade mot årskurserna ett till sex inte ger någon explicit vägledning för undervisning om krisberedskap. Dock visar kursplane- och läroboksanalysen att befintliga skrivningar och innehållsteman ger öppningar för att inkludera undervisning om krisberedskap inom ramen för flera olika ämnen.

    Riskerna för att grundläggande samhällsfunktioner störs eller slås ut motiverar att ge plats åt krisberedskapsundervisning i skolan, men det är viktigt att sådan undervisning vilar på en solid grund. Därför avslutas rapporten med en rekommendation om ett kombinerat forsknings- och utvecklingsarbete där yrkesverksamma lärare, forskare och beredskapsexperter tillsammans bidrar med sin expertis i framtagandet av ett undervisningsmaterial för krisberedskap i skolans lägre årskurser.

    Förstudien tar tagits fram av forskare vid Karlstads universitet knutna till Centrum för forskning om samhällsrisker inom ramen för ett projekt, Krisberedskap i skolan (etapp 1), med Räddningstjänsten Karlstadsregionen som projektledare och Myndigheten för samhällsskydd och beredskap (MSB) som finansiär.

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    Undervisning för krisberedskap i grundskolans tidigare år - en förstudie
  • 14.
    Colangeli, Matteo
    et al.
    University of L'Aquila, Italy.
    Duong, Manh Hong
    University of Birmingham, United Kingdom.
    Muntean, Adrian
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013). Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Center for Societal Risk Research, CSR (from 2020).
    Model reduction of Brownian oscillators: Quantification of errors and long-time behaviour2023In: Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical, ISSN 1751-8113, E-ISSN 1751-8121, Vol. 56, article id 345003Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A procedure for model reduction of stochastic ordinary differential equations with additive noise was recently introduced in Colangeli et al (2022 J. Phys. A: Math. Theor.55 505002), based on the Invariant Manifold method and on the Fluctuation–Dissipation relation. A general question thus arises as to whether one can rigorously quantify the error entailed by the use of the reduced dynamics in place of the original one. In this work we provide explicit formulae and estimates of the error in terms of the Wasserstein distance, both in the presence or in the absence of a sharp time-scale separation between the variables to be retained or eliminated from the description, as well as in the long-time behavior.

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  • 15.
    Colangeli, Matteo
    et al.
    University of L’Aquila, Italy.
    Muntean, Adrian
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013). Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Center for Societal Risk Research, CSR (from 2020).
    Towards a quantitative reduction of the SIR epidemiological model2021In: Crowd Dynamics Volume 3 - Modeling and Social Applications / [ed] N. Bellomo, L. Gibelli, Boston: Birkhäuser Verlag, 2021Chapter in book (Refereed)
  • 16.
    Davidsson, Åsa
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Political, Historical, Religious and Cultural Studies (from 2013). Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Center for Societal Risk Research, CSR (from 2020).
    Can historic natural disturbances enable conservationopportunities? Evidence from the establishment of nationalparks in Sweden2023In: Environmental Hazards: Human and Policy Dimensions, ISSN 1747-7891, E-ISSN 1878-0059Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This study investigates conservation establishment and management in the context of Sweden's 30 national parks by conceptualising natural disturbances as focus events for conservation opportunities. Since positive effects on the environment manifest a long time after a natural disturbance, it may take time before society sees a need to conserve the natural area. To conceptualise such delayed responses to a focus event, the concept of a 'delayed window' is introduced. An analysis of Park Establishment Proposals from the Swedish Parliament for establishing and extending Sweden's national parks was conducted by sending a survey to county representatives for each national park (response rate 19/30). The results show that historic natural disturbances were mentioned as a motivating factor for establishing many of Sweden's 30 national parks (37%, i.e. 11 parks). The result suggests that the delayed window opens when biodiversity and Cultural Ecosystem Services (CES) values of historic disturbance(s) become visible. The time span for motivating values is calculated for biodiversity values (18-829 years) and CES values (5-829 years). However, surveyed representatives responded that future disturbances may not be desired or only desired if controlled or limited, highlighting a paradox in terms of the perceived value of past and future disturbances.

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  • 17.
    de Goër de Herve, Mathilde
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Political, Historical, Religious and Cultural Studies (from 2013). Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Center for Societal Risk Research, CSR (from 2020).
    Disaster Risk Management for Sustainable Development: The Role of Justice and Temporality2024Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This thesis investigates how disaster risk management can contribute to sustainable development through the consideration of justice and temporality. Sustainable development is the normative evolvement of society towards more wellbeing. Disaster risk management, defined as all the proactive and reactive strategies that are implemented to deal with disasters and disaster risks, can impact sustainable development in several ways. Notably, disasters are intrinsically unfair while sustainable development requires just processes, which makes justice considerations essential for disaster risk management to contribute to sustainable development. To address the many dimensions of sustainable development, justice considerations must encompass social, ecological, spatial, and temporal justice. After developing a conceptual framework addressing those issues, this thesis focuses on temporal justice because it is identified as a gap in flood risk management research and practice. This thesis is a compilation of four papers. The first one reviews scientific literature about flood risk management to understand why and how justice is considered in this field. The second paper develops the risk justice framework and uses it to analyze international guidelines for disaster risk management. The third one investigates time horizons included in disaster risk management evaluation and the determinants that explain if they are expanded or narrowed. The fourth paper is a case study of the temporal strategies implemented at two governance levels to strengthen disaster resilience following the 2021 flood events in the Vesdre river basin (Wallonia, Belgium). This thesis also discusses the role of evaluation and integrated management to improve policy-making in disaster risk management.

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  • 18.
    de Goër de Herve, Mathilde
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Political, Historical, Religious and Cultural Studies (from 2013). Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Center for Societal Risk Research, CSR (from 2020). Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Centre for Climate and Safety (from 2013).
    Fair strategies to tackle unfair risks?: Justice considerations within flood risk management2022In: International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, E-ISSN 2212-4209, Vol. 69, article id 102745Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Risk management, justice (i.e. equity, fairness), and sustainability are tightly interconnected. This literature review investigates how and why justice is considered in flood risk management. 20 scientific documents published between 2015 and 2020 are analyzed in depth. The results show a distinction between distributive and procedural justice and a complicated judgment of fairness based on different philosophies that vary depending on the country, the type of flood, and the type of strategy studied. Equity is found to be an under-discussed topic compared to its importance. Justice in flood risk management matters because (i) the impacts of floods affect different people unevenly, (ii) the interest in equity evinced by public authorities influences societal transformation, and (iii) the perception of fairness matters at both individual and collective levels. This paper analyzes the link between justice considerations and sustainability in relation to four dimensions: social, ecological, spatial, and temporal. Social and spatial issues are the most commonly studied in the literature, while ecological and temporal ones have generally been overlooked, creating a research gap. The results are discussed in terms of their diversities of justice concepts, places of investigation, and types of strategies. Various justice frameworks are used, but since none of them focus specifically on the contribution of flood risk management to sustainability through justice considerations, a flood risk justice framework is developed, which translates into theoretical and practical tools. It is based on the considerations of both humans and non-humans into different spatio-temporal scales.

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  • 19.
    de Goër de Herve, Mathilde
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Political, Historical, Religious and Cultural Studies (from 2013). Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Center for Societal Risk Research, CSR (from 2020).
    Near or distant time horizons? The determinants of the integration of long-term perspectives in disaster risk management evaluation2024In: Progress in Disaster Science, E-ISSN 2590-0617, article id 100365Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Disasters, disaster risks, and disaster risk management (DRM) present complex temporalities that must be taken into consideration when conducting evaluations that assist the choice of new strategies. Given the non-linearity of change, including long-term perspectives can modify the evaluation results and recommendations, but little is known about how time horizons are selected in DRM evaluation. This exploratory study investigates the determinants that affect what time horizon is considered in DRM evaluation. 12 semi-structured interviews with professional evaluators from different parts of the world were conducted in spring 2022. Their experiences indicate that the interpretation of what is long term in DRM evaluation is context-dependent. The factors determining if time horizons are expanded or narrowed relate to four categories: the actors involved in the evaluation, the purpose of the evaluation, the resources available to conduct the evaluation, and the specific DRM context. It is concluded that DRM evaluation seems to be quite similar to other public policy evaluations, except the DRM context that plays an important role by determining the timing of the evaluation, which itself affects what time horizon should be and/or is considered.

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  • 20.
    de Goër de Herve, Mathilde
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Political, Historical, Religious and Cultural Studies (from 2013). Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Center for Societal Risk Research, CSR (from 2020). Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Centre for Research on Sustainable Societal Transformation.
    Strategies to manage disaster risks: Evaluating their contributions to sustainable development2024In: Towards Sustainable Futures: The Role of Evaluation / [ed] Ida Kristine Lindkvist, Per Øyvind Bastøe, Kim Forss, Routledge, 2024, st, p. 104-125Chapter in book (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    While disaster risk management is an essential feature of sustainable development, the implementation of a disaster risk management strategy does not automatically contribute to all the facets of sustainable development and can even result in conflicting effects. Evaluating such contributions is essential to inform future choices in risk governance, and this chapter conceptually develops two mechanisms that should be taken into consideration in those evaluations: transfers of risks and path dependency. Transfers of risks happen when the actions to reduce one disaster risk increase the probability or the potential negative consequences of another one. Path dependency is about how past decisions frame current ones, and by extension, how future possibilities are limited by current strategies. Existing evaluation literature and frameworks offer avenues for tackling the complexity resulting from these two mechanisms when evaluating the contributions of disaster risk management to sustainable development. 

  • 21.
    de Goër de Herve, Mathilde
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Political, Historical, Religious and Cultural Studies (from 2013). Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Center for Societal Risk Research, CSR (from 2020). Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Centre for Research on Sustainable Societal Transformation.
    Pot, Wieke D.
    Wageningen University and Research, Netherlands.
    When, at what speed, and how?: Resilient transformation of the Vesdre river basin (Belgium) following the 2021 floods2024In: Environmental Sciences Europe, ISSN 2190-4707, E-ISSN 2190-4715, Vol. 36, article id 105Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Dual crises happen when an acute shock unfolds in the context of a creeping crisis. The July 2021 floods in the Vesdre river basin (Wallonia, Belgium) is a typical case of such dual crises in the context of climate change. This study is based on 16 semi-structured interviews (conducted in Spring 2023) with 10 mayors, 4 representatives of the Public Service of Wallonia, 1 person working for the federal government, and 4 project managers, coupled with a document analysis (n = 13). It investigates the temporal strategies that connect short and long-term considerations in the aftermath of this disaster (timing, futuring, pacing, cyclical adaptation, and determining time horizons), at two different governmental levels: river basin and municipal level. Results: In general, the window of opportunity to improve disaster resilience has been seized. Several studies were initiated by the Walloon region that shape the idea of an ideal future for the river basin and give recommendations for how to reach it. Unfortunately, those recommendations still come late compared to the temporal reality of the reconstruction process. Municipalities wish to strengthen disaster resilience as soon as possible, but they have to prioritize certain actions over others because of limited resources. The recommendations are considered flexible enough to adapt strategies to future contexts, but no monitoring and evaluation system for doing so has been implemented so far. In addition, clear policy agendas with transformational goals are scarce, and they diverge between the river basin and the municipalities. All these temporal strategies are shaped by elements of the institutional policy arrangement: resources, which affect them all, as well as actors, power, and formal rules, which affect some. These policy dimensions notably slow down the implementation of disaster resilience strategies and limit the determination of consensual time horizons. Conclusions: The temporal strategies are passively shaped by the policy arrangement dimensions to a greater extent than actively chosen by the stakeholders. A structural transformation of the institutional policy arrangement is therefore needed to enable more coherent temporal strategies between different governance levels and to facilitate the consideration of long-term resilience during the recovery process from disasters. 

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  • 22.
    de Goër de Herve, Mathilde
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Political, Historical, Religious and Cultural Studies (from 2013). Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Center for Societal Risk Research, CSR (from 2020).
    Schinko, Thomas
    International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Population and Just Societies Program, Austria.
    Handmer, John
    International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Population and Just Societies Program, Austria.
    Risk justice: Boosting the contribution of risk management to sustainable development2023In: Risk Analysis, ISSN 0272-4332, E-ISSN 1539-6924Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Comprehensively addressing different aspects of justice is essential to enable risk management to contribute to sustainable development. This article offers a new conceptual framework called risk justice that comprises procedural, distributive, and corrective justice in four dimensions related to sustainable development: social, ecological, spatial, and temporal issues. Risk justice is defined as the quality of being fair and reasonable while governing and managing a possible negative event. After explaining the conceptual framework, a detailed content analysis of two international guidelines for disaster risk management (the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 and the European Floods Directive) illustrates the analytical potential of the risk justice framework. Findings show strong emphasis on social and spatial aspects of distributive and procedural justice in the two documents, whereas considerations of corrective justice and temporal and ecological issues are scarce or indirect. This may result in conflicting impacts of disaster risk management on sustainable development. Therefore, discussing risk management with a risk justice viewpoint while elaborating guidelines or choosing risk management strategies provides new avenues for sustainable development and facilitates transparent trade-offs. Our risk justice framework enables risk practitioners and researchers to reflect systemically about justice in risk management in different risk contexts and can be used both as a proactive and as a retrospective tool.

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  • 23.
    Eklund, Elin
    et al.
    University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Holmberg, Robin
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Political, Historical, Religious and Cultural Studies (from 2013). Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Center for Societal Risk Research, CSR (from 2020).
    Svensson, Mikael
    Univ Gothenburg, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Gothenburg, Sweden.;Univ Florida, Dept Pharmaceut Outcomes & Policy, Gainesville, FL USA..
    Gustavsson, Johanna
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Center for Societal Risk Research, CSR (from 2020). Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Political, Historical, Religious and Cultural Studies (from 2013).
    Bonander, Carl
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Center for Societal Risk Research, CSR (from 2020). University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Quasi-experimental evaluation of municipal ice cleat distribution programmes for older adults in Sweden2023In: Injury Prevention, ISSN 1353-8047, E-ISSN 1475-5785, Vol. 29, no 5, p. 378-383Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    IntroductionFall injuries caused by icy road conditions are a prevalent public health problem during winters in Sweden, especially in older populations. To combat this problem, many Swedish municipalities have distributed ice cleats to older adults. While previous research has shown promising results, there is a lack of comprehensive empirical data on the effectiveness of ice cleat distribution. We address this gap by investigating the impact of these distribution programmes on ice-related fall injuries among older adults. MethodsWe combined survey data on ice cleat distribution in Swedish municipalities with injury data from the Swedish National Patient Register (NPR). The survey was used to identify municipalities that have distributed ice cleats to older adults at some point between 2001 and 2019. Data from NPR were used to identify municipality-level data on patients who have been treated for injuries related to snow and ice. We used a triple differences design-a generalisation of difference in differences-that compared ice-related fall injury rates before and after intervention in 73 treatment and 200 control municipalities, with unexposed age groups serving as within-municipality controls. ResultsWe estimate that the average ice cleat distribution programmes reduced ice-related fall injury rates by -0.24 (95% CI -0.49 to 0.02) per 1000 person-winters. The impact estimate was larger in municipalities that distributed more ice cleats (-0.38 (95% CI -0.76 to -0.09)). No similar patterns were found for fall injuries unrelated to snow and ice. ConclusionOur results suggest that ice cleat distribution can decrease the incidence of ice-related injuries among older adults.

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  • 24.
    Garrecht, Carola
    et al.
    IPN, Kiel.
    Christenson, Nina
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Geography, Media and Communication (from 2013). Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Center for Societal Risk Research, CSR (from 2020).
    Harms, Ute
    IPN, Kiel.
    The role of risk perception for students' climate-friendly intentions to act2022Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Modelling, Assessment, and Promotion of Climate Literacy

     

    Several studies show that students often lack conceptual knowledge and show multiple misconceptions when explaining climate change (e.g, Boyes & Stanisstreet, 1993; Flener-Lovitt, 2014; Shepardson et al., 2011). Hence, it is often argued that science education should focus on conveying sufficient conceptual knowledge about climate change, its causes, consequences, and potential ways of adaptation and mitigation. However, besides scientific content knowledge, decision-making and the intention to act in a climate-friendly manner seem also to be influenced by non-scientific factors such as attitudes and value attribution (Dietz, Dan, & Shwom, 2007). The USGCRP (2009) thus promotes to focus education on climate literacy, which includes specific knowledge about climate change, as well as skills and attitudes relevant to the topic. So far, studies examining the impact of climate literacy on actual decision-making are scarce, and the general picture about other factors that contribute to young learners' conceptions of climate change – including the media, family, peers, but also emotional attachment and risk perception – remains somewhat unclear. In this related paper set, we aim to elaborate how climate literacy can be modelled and assessed, how it can be promoted through meaningful instruction, and how teacher professional development can contribute to this. 

     

  • 25.
    Geewe, Linus
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Karlstad Business School (from 2013).
    Vinerean-Bernhoff, Mirela
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    Alaqra, Ala Sarah
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Karlstad Business School (from 2013).
    Pettersson, John Sören
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Karlstad Business School (from 2013). Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Center for Societal Risk Research, CSR (from 2020).
    Interactive Augmented Reality to Extend Students' Vector Experience2024In: The International Journal for Technology in Mathematics Education, ISSN 1744-2710, E-ISSN 2045-2519, Vol. 31, no 2, p. 61-70Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    First-year engineering students show difficulties in connecting basic vector algebra with manipulations using the graphical representation. Experiencing vectors in real applications can improve the process of learning vectors. Thus, we introduce a unique approach for using digital technologies, namely augmented reality. We utilized a video see-through head-mounted display to develop a vector manipulation tool enabling users to select and place virtual vectors in the real environment. The aim was to see how students react when experiencing vectors in augmented reality. After using the prototype, students answered a questionnaire about this experience. Results show that students experiences are positive and they are motivated to use the prototype in the course. Further, we investigated opinions about vector concepts from students in the trial group and other students attending the same course in vector algebra. The results indicate some differences in what students spontaneously associate with the concept vectors. Moreover, this study provides insights into how such investigations can be elaborated in the future.

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    Preprint
  • 26.
    Ghai, Shashank
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Political, Historical, Religious and Cultural Studies (from 2013). Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Center for Societal Risk Research, CSR (from 2020).
    Chasse, Kathleen
    Montréal West Island Integrated University Health and Social Services Centre, Canada.
    Renaud, Marie-Jeanne
    Montréal West Island Integrated University Health and Social Services Centre, Canada.
    Guicherd-Callin, Lilian
    Montréal West Island Integrated University Health and Social Services Centre, Canada.
    Bussieres, Andre
    McGill University, Canada; Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Réadaptation du Montréal Métropolitain, Canada; Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Canada.
    Zidarov, Diana
    University of Montreal, Canada; Institut universitaire sur la réadaptation en déficience physique de Montréal (IURDPM), Canada.
    Transition of care from post-acute services for the older adults in Quebec: a pilot impact evaluation2024In: BMC Health Services Research, E-ISSN 1472-6963, Vol. 24, no 1, article id 421Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background Early discharge of frail older adults from post-acute care service may result in individuals' reduced functional ability to carry out activities of daily living, and social, emotional, and psychological distress. To address these shortcomings, the Montreal West Island Integrated University Health and Social Services Centre in Quebec, Canada piloted a post-acute home physiotherapy program (PAHP) to facilitate the transition of older adults from the hospital to their home. This study aimed to evaluate: (1) the implementation fidelity of the PAHP program; (2) its impact on the functional independence, physical and mental health outcomes and quality of life of older adults who underwent this program (3) its potential adverse events, and (4) to identify the physical, psychological, and mental health care needs of older adults following their discharge at home.Methods A quasi-experimental uncontrolled design with repeated measures was conducted between April 1st, 2021 and December 31st, 2021. Implementation fidelity was assessed using three process indicators: delay between referral to and receipt of the PAHP program, frequency of PAHP interventions per week and program duration in weeks. A battery of functional outcome measures, including the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) and the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Global-10 scale, as well as fall incidence, emergency visits, and hospitalizations were used to assess program impact and adverse events. The Patient's Global Impression of Change (PGICS) was used to determine changes in participants' perceptions of their level of improvement/deterioration. In addition, the Camberwell Assessment of Need for the Elderly (CANE) questionnaire was administered to determine the met and unmet needs of older adults.Results Twenty-four individuals (aged 60.8 to 94 years) participated in the PAHP program. Implementation fidelity was low in regards with delay between referral and receipt of the program, intensity of interventions, and total program duration. Repeated measures ANOVA revealed significant improvement in FIM scores between admission and discharge from the PAHP program and between admission and the 3-month follow-up. Participants also reported meaningful improvements in PGICS scores. However, no significant differences were observed on the physical or mental health T-scores of the PROMIS Global-10 scale, in adverse events related to the PAHP program, or in the overall unmet needs.Conclusion Findings from an initial sample undergoing a PAHP program suggest that despite a low implementation fidelity of the program, functional independence outcomes and patients' global impression of change have improved. Results will help develop a stakeholder-driven action plan to improve this program. A future study with a larger sample size is currently being planned to evaluate the overall impact of this program.Clinical trial registration Retrospectively registered NCT05915156 (22/06/2023).

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  • 27.
    Ghai, Shashank
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Political, Historical, Religious and Cultural Studies (from 2013). Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Center for Societal Risk Research, CSR (from 2020).
    Ghai, Ishan
    Jacobs University Bremen, Germany.
    Floor-hugging Intervention: A Perspective on Floor Exposure and After-Fall Contingency Intervention2024In: Advances in Rehabilitation Science and Practice, ISSN 2753-6351, Vol. 13, p. 1-10Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

     The fear of falling is a pressing public health issue, yet current interventions often fall short in addressing it effectively. As a result, there is a need for innovative interventions that go beyond symptom relief to address the underlying causes. From this standpoint, we propose that limited exposure to floors and a lack of post-fall contingencies may contribute to the uncertainty that amplifies the fear of falling, particularly in fall prone populations. We explore the theoretical underpinnings of this hypothesis and propose a framework based on the Uncertainty and Anticipation model to elucidate potential connections. Building upon this, we introduce the Floor-hugging intervention—a two-part strategy designed to confront these challenges. Firstly, we propose gradual exposure to different floor scenarios through guided imagery to diminish fear by familiarizing individuals with such situations. Secondly, we advocate for the adoption of evidence-based ways to get up from the floor for developing after fall contingencies. We delve into the theoretical framework supporting our approach and its potential to reduce the fear of falling while improving physical, social, and psychological well-being. Additionally, we outline prospective outcome measures to comprehensively assess the impact of the intervention across biopsychosocial domains. This perspective aims to stimulate discussion on the potential role of floor exposure and post-fall strategies in reducing the fear of falling, while also advocating for innovative interventions to empower and protect fall-prone populations.

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    Floor-hugging
  • 28.
    Ghai, Shashank
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Political, Historical, Religious and Cultural Studies (from 2013). Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Center for Societal Risk Research, CSR (from 2020). Technische Universität Dresden, Germany.
    Ghai, Ishan
    niversity Bremen, Germany.
    Narciss, Susanne
    Technische Universität Dresden, Germany.
    Influence of taping on force sense accuracy: a systematic review with between and within group meta-analysis2023In: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation, E-ISSN 2052-1847 , Vol. 15, no 1, article id 138Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Taping is a common technique used to address proprioceptive deficits in both healthy and patient population groups. Although there is increasing interest in taping to address proprioceptive deficits, little is known about its effects on the kinetic aspects of proprioception as measured by force sense accuracy. To address this gap in the literature, the present systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the impact of taping on force sense accuracy. A search for relevant literature was conducted following PRISMA guidelines across seven databases and one register. Eleven studies with 279 participants were included in the review out of 7362 records. In the between-group analyses, we found a significant improvement in absolute (p < 0.01) and relative (p = 0.01) force sense accuracy with taping compared to no comparator. Likewise, a significant improvement in absolute (p = 0.01) force sense accuracy was also observed with taping compared to placebo tape. In the within group analysis, this reduction in the absolute (p = 0.11) force sense accuracy was not significant. Additional exploratory subgroup analyses revealed between group improvement in force sense accuracy in both healthy individuals and individuals affected by medial epicondylitis. The findings of this meta-analysis should be interpreted with caution due to the limited number of studies and a lack of blinded randomized controlled trials, which may impact the generalizability of the results. More high-quality research is needed to confirm the overall effect of taping on force sense accuracy. 

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  • 29.
    Ghai, Shashank
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Political, Historical, Religious and Cultural Studies (from 2013). Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Center for Societal Risk Research, CSR (from 2020). Technische Universität Dresden, Germany.
    Ghai, Ishan
    Technische Universität Dresden, Germany.
    Narciss, Susanne
    Technische Universität Dresden, Germany.
    Influence of taping on joint proprioception: a systematic review with between and within group meta-analysis2024In: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, E-ISSN 1471-2474, Vol. 25, no 1, article id 480Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Taping is increasingly used to manage proprioceptive deficits, but existing reviews on its impact have shortcomings. To accurately assess the effects of taping, a separate meta-analyses for different population groups and tape types is needed. Therefore, both between- and within-group meta-analyses are needed to evaluate the influence of taping on proprioception. According to PRISMA guidelines, a literature search was conducted across seven databases (Web of Science, PEDro, Pubmed, EBSCO, Scopus, ERIC, SportDiscus, Psychinfo) and one register (CENTRAL) using the keywords “tape” and “proprioception”. Out of 1372 records, 91 studies, involving 2718 individuals, met the inclusion criteria outlined in the systematic review. The meta-analyses revealed a significant between and within-group reduction in repositioning errors with taping compared to no tape (Hedge’s g: -0.39, p < 0.001) and placebo taping (Hedge’s g: -1.20, p < 0.001). Subgroup and sensitivity analyses further confirmed the reliability of the overall between and within-group analyses. The between-group results further demonstrated that both elastic tape and rigid tape had similar efficacy to improve repositioning errors in both healthy and fatigued populations. Additional analyses on the threshold to detection of passive motion and active movement extent discrimination apparatus revealed no significant influence of taping. In conclusion, the findings highlight the potential of taping to enhance joint repositioning accuracy compared to no tape or placebo taping. Further research needs to uncover underlying mechanisms and refine the application of taping for diverse populations with proprioceptive deficits. 

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  • 30.
    Ghai, Shashank
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Political, Historical, Religious and Cultural Studies (from 2013). Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Center for Societal Risk Research, CSR (from 2020). Technische Universität Dresden, Germany.
    Hitzig, Sander L.
    University of Toronto, Canada; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Canada.
    Eberlin, Lindsay
    University of Toronto, Canada.
    Melo, Joshua
    University of Toronto, Canada.
    Mayo, Amanda L.
    Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Canada; University of Toronto, Canada.
    Blanchette, Virginie
    Centre intégré universitaire de santé et services sociaux de la Capitale-Nationale, Canada; Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Canada.
    Habra, Natalie
    Université de Montréal, Canada; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Canada.
    Zucker-Levin, Audrey
    University of Saskatchewan, Canada.
    Zidarov, Diana
    Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Canada; Université de Montréal, Canada.
    Reporting of Rehabilitation Outcomes in the Traumatic Lower Limb Amputation Literature: A Systematic Review2024In: Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, ISSN 0003-9993, E-ISSN 1532-821X, Vol. 105, no 6, p. 1158-1170Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: To synthesize the outcomes reported in the rehabilitation and community literature for adults with traumatic lower limb amputation (LLA). Data Sources: The search strategy was conducted in 3 databases (Medline, EMBASE, and CINAHL) from inception to April 2022. Study Selection: To be eligible, articles could be of any design but were required to have at least 50% adult individuals with traumatic LLA and had to report on interventions and outcomes in either a rehabilitation or community setting. Data Extraction: The extracted outcomes were classified using Dodd’s framework, which is designed for organizing research outcomes. Heterogeneity was observed in the outcome measures (OMs) used for evaluation. Two reviewers independently conducted the data extraction, which was verified by a third reviewer. Data Synthesis: Of the 7,834 articles screened, 47 articles reporting data on 692 individuals with traumatic LLA, met our inclusion criteria. Four core areas encompassing 355 OMs/indicators were identified: life effect (63.4%), physiological/clinical (30.1%), resource use (5.1%), and adverse events (1.4%). Physical functioning (eg, gait, mobility) was the most frequently reported outcome domain across studies, followed by nervous system outcomes (eg, pain) and psychiatric outcomes (eg, depression, anxiety). Domains such as global quality of life and role/emotional functioning were seldomly reported. Conclusion: The study provides a list of outcome indicators explicitly published for adults with traumatic LLA, highlighting inconsistent reporting of outcome indicators. The lack of a standardized set of OMs is a barrier to performing meta-analyses on interventions, preventing the identification of effective care models and clinical pathways. Developing a core outcome set that includes OMs relevant to the needs of the traumatic LLA population may address these issues. 

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  • 31.
    Ghai, Shashank
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Political, Historical, Religious and Cultural Studies (from 2013). Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Center for Societal Risk Research, CSR (from 2020).
    Nilson, Finn
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Political, Historical, Religious and Cultural Studies (from 2013). Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Center for Societal Risk Research, CSR (from 2020). Marie Cederschiold University, Sweden.
    Gustavsson, Johanna
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Political, Historical, Religious and Cultural Studies (from 2013). Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Center for Societal Risk Research, CSR (from 2020).
    Ghai, Ishan
    Jacobs University Bremen, Germany.
    Compression garments as an intervention to improve proprioception to reduce risks of injury: findings from a systematic review and meta-analysis2024In: Injury Prevention, BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2024, Vol. 30 (Suppl 1), p. A82-A83, article id 398 Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background Interventions targeting proprioception are vital for injury prevention, especially in aging populations where compromised proprioception increases injury risks. Compression garments (CGs) are used in rehabilitation and sports for performance enhancement and quicker recovery. However, the overall impact of CGs on joint proprioception lacks consensus.

    Objective A systematic review and a meta-analysis were conducted to fill this knowledge gap by assessing the impact of CGs on joint proprioception.

    Programme Description Following PRISMA guidelines, six databases were examined until June 2023. Two reviewers independently screened and appraised the articles. A random-effect meta-analysis evaluated CG efficacy on joint position sense, threshold to detect passive motion, and active movement extent discrimination. Subgroup analyses considered study design and population health status, with sensitivity analyses ensuring result robustness.

    Outcomes and Learnings A total of 27 studies with 671 participants were included in the systematic review. The analysis revealed that wearing CGs resulted in a significant reduction in absolute error during joint position sense (p=0.006) as compared to no CGs. However, other variables like constant error, variable error during joint position sense, threshold to detect passive motion, and active movement extent discrimination did not show significant CG impact. The review also identified gaps in the reporting of certain outcomes such as parameters of CGs (i.e., exerted pressure, fabric details), reporting of performance, individual-reported outcomes, and lack of placebo comparators.

    Implications Clinicians may consider using CGs with patients, especially older adults, to improve proprioception and reduce the risk of injury. However, due to the variable effects of CGs, it is important to tailor their use to individual needs and specific proprioceptive outcomes.

    Conclusions The study indicates that CGs benefit joint position sense. However, variations in impact underscore the need for caution. Standardized reporting is crucial, and clinicians can consider CGs for specific proprioceptive outcomes based on individual factors, informing evidence-based practices in rehabilitation and sports. The complete findings of this study have been published.1

    Reference Ghai S, Nilson F, Gustavsson J, Ghai I. Influence of compression garments on proprioception: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2024;1536:60–81.

  • 32.
    Ghai, Shashank
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Political, Historical, Religious and Cultural Studies (from 2013). Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Center for Societal Risk Research, CSR (from 2020).
    Nilson, Finn
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Political, Historical, Religious and Cultural Studies (from 2013). Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Center for Societal Risk Research, CSR (from 2020). Marie Cederschiold University, Sweden.
    Gustavsson, Johanna
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Center for Societal Risk Research, CSR (from 2020). Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Political, Historical, Religious and Cultural Studies (from 2013).
    Ghai, Ishan
    Jacobs University Bremen, Germany.
    Influence of compression garments on proprioception: A systematic review and meta‐analysis2024In: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, ISSN 0077-8923, E-ISSN 1749-6632, Vol. 1536, no 1, p. 60-81Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Compression garments (CGs) are commonly used in rehabilitation and sports contexts to enhance performance and speed up recovery. Despite the growing use of CGs in recent decades, there is no unanimous consensus on their overall influence on joint proprioception. In this current meta-analysis, we aim to fill this knowledge gap by assessing the impact of CGs on joint proprioception. We conducted a literature search across seven databases and one registry. Ultimately, we included 27 studies with 671 participants. The meta-analysis revealed that wearing CGs resulted in a significant reduction in absolute error during joint position sensing (Hedges’ g: −0.64, p = 0.006) as compared to no CGs. However, further analyses of variables such as constant error (p = 0.308), variable error (p = 0.541) during joint position sense tests, threshold to detect passive motion (p = 0.757), and active movement extent discrimination (p = 0.842) did not show a significant impact of CGs. The review also identified gaps in the reporting of certain outcomes, such as parameters of CGs, reporting of performance, individual-reported outcomes, and lack of placebo comparators. Consequently, this review provides guidelines for future studies that may facilitate evidence-based synthesis and ultimately contribute to a better understanding of the overall influence of CGs on joint proprioception.

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  • 33.
    Gustafsson, Ida-Maria
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Center for Societal Risk Research, CSR (from 2020). Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Political, Historical, Religious and Cultural Studies (from 2013).
    Axelsson, Evelina
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Center for Societal Risk Research, CSR (from 2020). Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Political, Historical, Religious and Cultural Studies (from 2013).
    Härligt, härligt och lagom farligt: En studie om värmeböljors gestaltning i svensk media2024Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    When the global average temperature changes, the earth's natural systems and climate are affected. A changing climate also affects the intensity and frequency of heatwaves in Europe, which in turn requires measures to be taken to reduce its societal impact. The media accounts for a large part of society's risk information and possesses the ability to influence opinions and behavioral changes in individuals. 

    The purpose of the study is to investigate how the Swedish media portrays heatwaves in Europe and what they report on in relation to the societal risk. A qualitative reflexive thematic analysis has been used to examine 54 articles about heatwaves from four of the largest Swedish newspapers: Aftonbladet, Expressen, Dagens Nyheter and Svenska Dagbladet. The analysis resulted in four main themes: that the heatwaves are a consequence of human influence; that there is a positive and a negative side to the heat in society; that the heat is a disturbance to society; and that heatwaves can be controlled but that there is a lack of capacity in society to deal with them. 

    The results show that heatwaves are portrayed from different perspectives. They are mainly described as threats to vulnerable groups and as a disturbance to society. There is also a clear positive imprint in the reporting, where the heat is often seen as long-awaited and desirable. In addition, heatwaves are consistently linked to climate change and are described as a controllable threat, both at the individual and societal level.

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  • 34.
    Gustavsson, Johanna
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Political, Historical, Religious and Cultural Studies (from 2013). Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Center for Societal Risk Research, CSR (from 2020).
    Beckman, Linda
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences (from 2013). University of Florida, USA.
    Understanding factors for adhering to health recommendations during COVID-19 among older adults - a qualitative interview study using health belief model as analytical framework2024In: BMC Geriatrics, E-ISSN 1471-2318, Vol. 24, no 1, article id 532Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has presented a unique possibility to broaden the understanding of people’s reactions to a global crisis. Early on, it became evident that older adults were particularly vulnerable to the virus and that the actions of this age group would be crucial to the outcome. This qualitative interview study uses the Health Belief Model (HBM) framework as an analytical tool to examine older people’s experiences of adherence to recommendations during the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. It is important to view this study in the context of Sweden’s voluntary restrictions, which further highlight the unique nature of this research. Method: In April-May 2020, 41 adults aged 70–85 participated in unstructured phone interviews. The objective was to investigate older adults’ perceptions of the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly their understanding of the disease and the conditions that influenced their adherence to health recommendations. HBM was used as an analytical framework to guide the analysis of the interviews. Results: Despite perceiving COVID-19 as a severe threat to health and society, participants did not let fear dominate their responses. Instead, they demonstrated remarkable resilience and a proactive approach. For some, the perceived susceptibility to the disease was the primary motivator for adherence to the Swedish national recommendations. Notably, trust in the authorities and family members’ requests significantly bolstered adherence. Moreover, adherence was found to contribute to feelings of safety. Conversely, potential barriers to adhering to recommendations included missing loved ones and frustration with sometimes ambiguous information from authorities. Conclusions: The results from this study indicate that older adults are willing to adhere to voluntary restrictions during a global pandemic. Relatives of older people are a resource for communicating information regarding safety and health messages, a message that is preferably thorough and consistent. Further, much can be gained if loneliness during isolation can be mitigated since missing loved ones appears to be a potential barrier to adherence. 

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  • 35.
    Gustavsson, Johanna
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Political, Historical, Religious and Cultural Studies (from 2013). Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Center for Societal Risk Research, CSR (from 2020).
    Nilson, Finn
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Center for Societal Risk Research, CSR (from 2020). Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Political, Historical, Religious and Cultural Studies (from 2013).
    Bonander, Carl
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Center for Societal Risk Research, CSR (from 2020). University of Gothenburg.
    Compliant sports floors and fall-related injuries: evidence from a residential care setting and updated meta-analysis for all patient care settings2022In: Injury Prevention, ISSN 1353-8047, E-ISSN 1475-5785, Vol. 29, no 4, p. 283-289Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BackgroundCompliant flooring may prevent fall injuries in residential care, but evidence is inconclusive. We investigate compliant sports floors and fall-related injuries in a residential care setting and update a meta-analysis from a recent systematic review on compliant flooring. MethodsA non-randomised study comparing outcomes in a residential care unit that installed sports flooring in bedrooms with four units with regular flooring in a Norwegian municipality (n=193). Data on falls were collected for a period of 46 months (323 falls on sports flooring; 414 on regular flooring). Outcomes were injurious falls per person bed-day, falls per person bed-day and injury risks per fall. Confounding was adjusted for using Andersen-Gill proportional hazards and log-binomial regression models. Random-effects inverse variance models were used to pool estimates. ResultsInjurious fall rates were 13% lower in the unit with sports flooring (adjusted HR (aHR): 0.87 (95% CI: 0.55 to 1.37)). There was limited evidence of adverse effects on fall rates (aHR: 0.93 (95% CI: 0.63 to 1.38)) and the injury risk per fall was lower in fall events that occurred on sports floors (adjusted relative risk (RR): 0.75 (95% CI: 0.53 to 1.08)). Pooling these estimates with previous research added precision, but the overall pattern was the same (pooled RR for injurious falls: 0.66 (95% CI: 0.39 to 1.12); fall rates: 0.87 (95% CI: 0.68 to 1.12); injury risks per fall: 0.71 (95% CI: 0.52 to 0.97)). ConclusionSports floors may be an alternative to novel shock-absorbing floors in care settings; however, more research is needed to improve precision.

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  • 36.
    Gustavsson, Johanna
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences (from 2013). Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Centre for Public Safety (from 2013). Karlstads universitet.
    Skröder, Emelie
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Center for Societal Risk Research, CSR (from 2020).
    Den skriftliga redogörelsens funktion för brandskyddet – en utvärdering2017Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    I samband med införandet av nuvarande lag (2003:778) om skydd mot olyckor (LSO) instiftades samtidigt kravet på en skriftlig redogörelse av brandskydd (Regeringens proposition, 2002/03:119). Kravet gäller för verksamheter där konsekvenser av en brand kan bli särskilt stora. Lagstiftarens intention var att den skriftliga redogörelsen skulle fungera som ett underlag för kommunens tillsyn över den enskildes (ägare och nyttjanderättshavare) brandskydd. Redogörelsen var även tänkt att tydliggöra den enskildes ansvar för brandskyddet. LSO har genom åren följts upp och det har kommit indikationer på att redogörelsen inte till fullo fyller den funktion som lagstiftaren avsåg. I denna studie undersöks hur redogörelsen används idag i förhållande till dess intention. Studien inkluderar även hur det systematiska brandskyddsarbetet (SBA) bedrivs i praktiken, med förskolor som exempel, samt vilken inverkan redogörelsen haft på SBA.För att besvara syftet har en enkät skickats ut till landets samtliga räddningstjänster och den enskildes synpunkter har fångats med hjälp av intervjuer med två fastighetsägare och 12 förskolechefer.Resultatet visar att två tredjedelar av landets räddningstjänster använder redogörelsen. Trots det, finns delade meningar om redogörelsens funktion för tillsynsverksamheten och många menar att nyttan är högst begränsad. Det beror främst på att räddningstjänsten upplever att informationen i redogörelsen inte är av det slag som behövs eller att den inte är tillförlitlig. Redogörelsen är svårbegriplig för den enskilde att fylla i vilket leder till att den enskilde antingen inte skickar in redogörelsen eller att inkommande redogörelser inte är tillförlitliga. Problematiken förstärks ytterligare av att räddningstjänsterna ofta upplever att den arbetsinsats som krävs för att hantera och bearbeta inkomna redogörelser är allt för betungande.I Regeringens proposition (2002/03:119) var tanken att redogörelsen inte skulle bli onödigt betungande. De innehållsmässiga kraven på dokumentationen skulle begränsas till de för brandskyddet mest väsentliga och den enskilde skulle få praktiska verktyg till stöd för att förstå brandskyddet. Dessa delar har inte genomförts, vilket innebär ett problem då de anses viktiga för att redogörelsen ska fungera likt dess intention. Däremot skulle en systematisk återkoppling kunna tydliggöra ansvaret. Det är en viktig pusselbit i den enskildes SBA och oavsett nivå. Problemet idag är att återkopplingen sker sporadiskt vid tillsyn, vilket är ett betungande och delvis ineffektivt arbetssätt.Den enskilde behöver ökade kunskaper samt förståelse för varför SBA ska bedrivas. Den måste förstå vikten och innebörden med SBA, annars är sannolikheten stor att de visserligen uppfyller lagen men att arbetet inte blir gjort i praktiken. Räddningstjänsten tycker att MSB bör peka ut vilka delar för SBA som ska betraktas som kritiska, dvs. hur brandskyddet ska prioriteras. De menar även att tydligare krav bör riktas mot SBA i sin helhet och inte enbart mot det tekniska systemet.

  • 37.
    Haas, Jan
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences (from 2013). Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Center for Societal Risk Research, CSR (from 2020).
    Bonander, Carl
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences (from 2013). Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Centre for Public Safety (from 2013).
    Gidofalvi, Gyözö
    Metoder för uppskattning och kartläggning av oskyddade trafikanters rese- och exponeringsmönster - hur ser kunskapsläget ut idag?2020Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Genom en litteraturstudie identifierades ett flertal olika metoder som kan användas för att uppskatta, mäta och modellera oskyddade trafikanters rörelsemönster. En utvärdering och jämförelse av metodernas pålitlighet och lämplighet för framtida implementering i Sverige är dock svår i dagsläget på grund av stora skillnader i studiernas ansatser. Framtida metoder kommer med stor sannolikhet förlita sig på individers mobila rörelsedata, insamlade med smart teknologi genom applikationer, platsbaserade tjänster och spårning genom rumsliga nätverk såsom telekommunikationsnätverk, globala navigationssystem eller Bluetooth.Syftet med denna studie var att genom en litteraturstudie kartlägga olika tekniker och metoder som kan användas för uppskattning av oskyddade trafikanters exponering och rörelsemönster för användning vid riskkartering och andra spatiala riskanalyser. Vi genomförde två delstudier: (i) en internationell kartläggning av hur tidigare forskning som använt sig av geografiska analyser har kvantifierat exponering och rörelsemönster bland fotgängare och cyklister, och (ii) en litteraturgranskning av nya metoder för att mäta exponering.Den internationella litteraturgranskningen visade att man enbart i ett fåtal studier använt sig av faktiska exponeringsdata i studier av geografiska skademönster bland oskyddade trafikanter. De flesta metoder som bygger på direkt uppskattning av trafikanter i rörelse (t.ex. genom att räkna cyklister) kan vara svåra att generalisera eftersom detta vanligtvis görs på specifika platser eller under vissa tider och på ett icke-heltäckande sätt över vägnätet. Att använda sig av resedatamodeller för att uppskatta exponering på vägsegmentnivå kan vara ett genomförbart tillvägagångssätt, vilket framgår av flera studier som analyserats. De vanligaste uppskattningsmetoderna som används i Sverige idag är flödesmätningar och resvaneundersökningar. Internationellt har flera studier utförts med flera andra metoder som kan vara intressanta även för implementering i Sverige. Främst bland dem är analyser på data från lånecyklar och GPS-data från crowdsourcing med mobilapplikationer. Betydligt fler studier kunde identifieras som rör uppskattning av cyklister än fotgängare. Resvaneundersökningar är ett bra alternativ för att undersöka generella trender över tid. Dock saknas rumslig noggrannhet och det är svårt att kartlägga resandet i en stad endast baserat på resvaneundersökningar. Genom att kombinera data från resvaneundersökningar med befolkningsstatistik kan enkla sketchplaneringar genomföras. Ofta görs dessa modeller med enkla och lättåtkomliga data vilket gör att metoderna är lätta att genomföra och billiga. Det finns en mängd olika tekniker för att implementera flödesmätningar på oskyddade trafikanter i praktiken. Tekniskt sett är det genomförbart att applicera stickprovsmodeller på liknande vis vad som görs i vägnätet för fordonstrafik. En bra uppskattning för resmönstret hos trafikanterna kräver dock många mätningar, detta medför kostnader i form av både utrustning och arbetstid. I nuläget sker förmodligen för få flödesmätningar i de flesta svenska städer, speciellt mätningar av gångtrafikanter för att kunna applicera en sådan metod med ett acceptabelt resultat. Flödesmätningar kan dock användas i kombination med andra metoder för att bekräfta deras resultat. Flödesmätningar är förmodligen den effektivaste metoden för att kontrollera resmönster på små geografiska områden. En känslig fråga som begränsar användning av spårningsteknik idag genom nätverkstriangulering, Bluetooth eller mobila applikationer är personlig integritet. Utöver detta är det en högre risk att sårbara delar av befolkningen (t.ex. barn och äldre) exkluderas av automatisk spårning då dessa individer med större sannolikhet inte medför smart teknisk utrustning. Ändå anses denna teknik mycket framtidsorienterad, effektiv, billig och pålitlig, speciellt när lokaliseringsenheter börjar prata med varandra, när mängden insamlade data och dess tillgänglighet ökar och om dagens begränsningar gällande personlig integritet och lagstiftning förändras.

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  • 38.
    Haas, Jan
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences (from 2013). Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Center for Societal Risk Research, CSR (from 2020).
    Jahren, Torfinn
    Høgskolen i Innlandet, NOR.
    Tillgänglighet och kartläggning av skogsrelevanta geodata i Inre Skandinavien2020In: Skogen som resurs i en gränsregion / [ed] C. Bianchi Strömme; S. Heldt Cassel; T. Mitander, Karlstad: Karlstads universitet, 2020, p. 47-55Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 39.
    Haas, Jan
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences (from 2013). Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Center for Societal Risk Research, CSR (from 2020).
    Karagiorgos, Konstantinos
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Center for Societal Risk Research, CSR (from 2020). Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Political, Historical, Religious and Cultural Studies (from 2013).
    Nyberg, Lars
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Political, Historical, Religious and Cultural Studies (from 2013). Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Center for Societal Risk Research, CSR (from 2020).
    Pettersson, Andreas
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Center for Societal Risk Research, CSR (from 2020). Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Political, Historical, Religious and Cultural Studies (from 2013).
    A vulnerability index for climate related risks in Sweden2021Conference paper (Other academic)
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    Poster
  • 40.
    Haas, Jan
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences (from 2013). Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Center for Societal Risk Research, CSR (from 2020).
    Karagiorgos, Konstantinos
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Center for Societal Risk Research, CSR (from 2020). Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Political, Historical, Religious and Cultural Studies (from 2013).
    Nyberg, Lars
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Political, Historical, Religious and Cultural Studies (from 2013). Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Center for Societal Risk Research, CSR (from 2020).
    Pettersson, Andreas
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Center for Societal Risk Research, CSR (from 2020). Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Political, Historical, Religious and Cultural Studies (from 2013).
    A vulnerability index for climate related risks in Sweden2021Conference paper (Other academic)
    Download full text (pdf)
    Konferensbidrag
  • 41.
    Haas, Jan
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences (from 2013). Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Center for Societal Risk Research, CSR (from 2020).
    Karagiorgos, Konstantinos
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Center for Societal Risk Research, CSR (from 2020). Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Political, Historical, Religious and Cultural Studies (from 2013).
    Pettersson, Andreas
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Center for Societal Risk Research, CSR (from 2020). Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Political, Historical, Religious and Cultural Studies (from 2013).
    de Goër de Herve, Mathilde
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Political, Historical, Religious and Cultural Studies (from 2013). Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Center for Societal Risk Research, CSR (from 2020).
    Gustavsson, Johanna
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences (from 2013). Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Centre for Public Safety (from 2013-2020).
    Koivisto, Jenni
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Centre for Climate and Safety (from 2013-2020).
    Turesson, Kenny
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Political, Historical, Religious and Cultural Studies (from 2013). Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Center for Societal Risk Research, CSR (from 2020).
    Nyberg, Lars
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Centre for Climate and Safety (from 2013-2020). Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences (from 2013). Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Political, Historical, Religious and Cultural Studies (from 2013). Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Center for Societal Risk Research, CSR (from 2020).
    Social sårbarhet för klimatrelaterade hot: Delstudie 2: Generella och hotspecifika index för social sårbarhet i Sverige2022Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Denna rapport, som redovisar del 2 av projektet Social sårbarhet för klimatrelaterade hot, syftar till att ta fram ett generellt sårbarhetsindex för Sverige, men också specifika index för tre olika naturhot: översvämning (älv respektive kust), skogsbrand och ras/skred/erosion. För dessa specifika index har sårbarheten kombinerats med en bedömd exponering för de tre olika hoten. Analysen är gjord på kommun- och RegSO-nivå.

  • 42.
    Haglund, Jesper
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Engineering and Physics (from 2013). Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Science, Mathematics and Engineering Education Research. Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Center for Societal Risk Research, CSR (from 2020).
    Gustafsson, Kristin
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Center for Societal Risk Research, CSR (from 2020).
    Christenson, Nina
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences (from 2013). Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Science, Mathematics and Engineering Education Research.
    Out-of-school activities on climate-related risks: The case of Riskville2024Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Grade 8 and 9 students participated during a day in out-of-school activities on the theme of climate-related risks with a focus on flooding. The day was part of a participatory action research project on climate education, in collaboration between science education researchers and teachers at three lower-secondary schools. One of the activities was based on the game Riskville, where a model of a city is built with wooden blocks on a felt carpet. Students working in small groups were first asked to make the city an attractive place to live in and were then confronted with climate-related events, such as flooding due to torrential rain. Students were instructed to show on the carpet the consequences of such events, and discuss how they could be addressed or prevented. Video analysis of the activity shows that students were engaged in building an attractive city, assuming a perspective of their age group, such as building bicycle paths between residential areas and recreational activities. They could identify locations and buildings that are vulnerable to flooding, such as areas close to a river or viaducts, but had difficulties finding ways to avoid flooding. The results show that Riskville gives students opportunities to concretise their understanding of local climate-related risks and how they can be treated. Through collaboration and negotiation, they are allowed to explore different scenarios with the model. Overall, the activities provided a societal focus on adaptations that goes beyond the typical focus on mitigation, reduction of students’ individual carbon footprint, in climate education.

  • 43.
    Haglund, Jesper
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Engineering and Physics (from 2013). Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Science, Mathematics and Engineering Education Research.
    Gustafsson, Kristin
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Center for Societal Risk Research, CSR (from 2020).
    Christenson, Nina
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences (from 2013). Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Science, Mathematics and Engineering Education Research.
    Undervisning om lokala klimatrelaterade risker – spelet Riskköping2023Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [sv]

    Inom ramen för ett forskningsprojekt om undervisning om klimatförändringar har vi bedrivit en forskningscirkel under läsåret 2022/2023 i samarbete mellan forskare vid Karlstads universitet och lärare på högstadiet vid tre grundskolor i Karlstads kommun. Elever i årskurs 8 och 9 deltog under en dag som organiserades av RiskLab vid Centrum för forskning om samhällsrisker (CSR), Karlstads universitet, på temat klimatrelaterade risker, med fokus på risk för översvämningar i Karlstad. I en av aktiviteterna fick eleverna i uppdrag att bygga en attraktiv stad och identifiera konsekvenserna av en klimatrelaterad händelse i spelet Riskköping. Videoanalys visar att eleverna engagerade sig i att bygga en attraktiv stad och kunde identifiera platser och byggnader som riskerar att översvämmas, men hade svårt att komma på sätt att förebygga detta. Ett spel som Riskköping ger elever möjlighet att konkretisera sin förståelse för lokala klimatrelaterade risker och hur de kan hanteras.

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  • 44.
    Haglund, Jesper
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Engineering and Physics (from 2013). Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Science, Mathematics and Engineering Education Research. Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Center for Societal Risk Research, CSR (from 2020).
    Jeppsson, Fredrik
    Linköping University, Sweden.
    Energy Theater as an example of embodied physics teaching2024Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Energy Theater has been developed by Rachel Scherr and colleagues at Seattle Pacific University (Daane et al., 2014; Scherr et al., 2013). It provides an embodied approach to physics education, in which groups of participants choreograph and jointly enact energy transfer and transformations involved in different physical scenarios, such as a bouncing ball (see Figure 1). Each participant represents a unit of energy, forms of energy are symbolised by different gestures that the participants come to agree on, and the energy flow from object to object is enacted by participants’ movement between rings of rope on the floor. The physical constraint that there is a fixed number of participants means that energy conservation is built into the rules. Energy Theater has been brought forward as an example of physics teaching that involves an interactionist sense of embodiment (Kersting et al., 2021). We have found Energy Theater a valuable tool in the teaching of energy both in primary school teacher education (Andersson & Haglund, 2018) and in preschool teacher education (Jeppsson & Frejd, 2018) in Sweden. In the workshop, we introduce Energy Theater as a practical example of embodied physics teaching by inviting participants to enact different physical scenarios, and discuss how the approach may foster learning of physics.

  • 45.
    Haque, Md Atiqul
    et al.
    Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Bangladesh.
    Ratan, Zubaier Ahmed
    Khulna University of Engineering and Technology, Bangladesh.
    Anjum, Afifa
    Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Bangladesh.
    Fatema, Khandakar
    Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Bangladesh.
    Mashreky, Saidur Rahman
    Centre for Injury Prevention and Research Bangladesh, Bangladesh.
    Moniruzzaman, Syed
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Political, Historical, Religious and Cultural Studies (from 2013). Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Center for Societal Risk Research, CSR (from 2020).
    Breaking the Silence: Investigating the Prevalence and Key Risk Factors of Child Maltreatment among Male Working Children in a Rural Community in Bangladesh2023In: New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, ISSN 1520-3247, E-ISSN 1534-8687, Vol. 2023, article id 2638746Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction. Child labor is widely regarded as one of the most severe forms of child maltreatment (CM), but little is known about how working children, especially in low-income countries like Bangladesh, experience different forms of CM. This paper explores the extent of physical, psychological, and sexual abuse and neglect experienced by working children and determines the important risk factors for these forms of CM among them. Methods. This cross-sectional study included 398 working children from four local Bazars (rural marketplace) of Raiganj Upazila, Sirajganj district, who were enrolled in this study in March and April of 2017, through a snowball approach, due to a lack of a list of working children. The International Child Abuse Screening Tools for Children (ICAST-C) was used to estimate the different forms of CM in this study. Results. Lifetime prevalence of psychological abuse (PsyA), physical abuse (PA), neglect, and sexual abuse (SA) were 100%, 100%, 82.7%, and 13.5%, while the past year prevalence rates were 100%, 84.2%, 67.1%, and 9.9%, respectively. Common forms of PsyA experienced by children include shouting, yelling, or screaming, as well as restrictions on outings and time-outs. PA typically involves slapping on the face or head, hitting with objects (excluding the buttocks), and ear twisting. Watching pornography is the primary form of SA, while the leading form of neglect is unmet medical needs. The prevalence of PsyA, PA, SA, and neglect was higher among children who lived with individuals other than their parents. Both PsyA and PA were found to be associated with family violence, such as the presence of weapons in the household and adults engaging in frightening screaming behavior. Additionally, children who were bullied by their siblings, had a parent with a primary level of education or less, and always felt safe at home were at an increased risk of experiencing PA. Children who did not feel safe at home all the time were more likely to experience SA. Furthermore, for every one-year increase in schooling, the likelihood of experiencing neglect decreased by 8.3% (B: -.157, P value < .003). Conclusion. Nearly all male working children in rural areas of Bangladesh experienced PsyA and PA, and adult negligence was also prevalent. Although male SA is not a widely discussed issue in Bangladesh, the results of this study are alarming.

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  • 46.
    Hedelin, Beatrice
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Center for Societal Risk Research, CSR (from 2020). Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Political, Historical, Religious and Cultural Studies (from 2013).
    Alkan-Olsson, Johanna
    Lund University, Sweden.
    Greenberg, Larry
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences (from 2013).
    Collaboration Adrift: Factors for Anchoring into Governance Systems, Distilled from a Study of Three Regulated Rivers2023In: Sustainability, E-ISSN 2071-1050, Vol. 15, no 6, article id 4980Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Collaboration has the potential to aid the balancing of values and goals that belong to different, sometimes competing, policy fields, such as energy, climate adaptation and nature conservation-a key component of sustainable governance. However, we need to know more of how collaboration can function as integrating (and integrated) components of governance systems. Three regulated Swedish rivers are used here as examples to explore factors that influence this function. The following factors are identified: transparency of value trade-offs, understanding of collaboration and governance, interplay between public sectors, integrating funding mechanisms, clarity of mandate, strategic use of networks and consistency of the governance system. As a consequence of the poor management of these factors in our case, water quality and ecology values are not integrated in strategic decision making, e.g., regarding hydropower, urban development or climate adaptation. Instead, they are considered add-ons, or "decorations". The Swedish case illustrates the meaning of the factors and their great importance for achieving sustainable governance.

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  • 47.
    Henricson Wåhlin, Julia
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Center for Societal Risk Research, CSR (from 2020).
    Gustafsson, Jocelyn
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Center for Societal Risk Research, CSR (from 2020).
    Kulturarv och översvämningsrisk: Analys av hotade byggnadsminnen i Karlstad2024Report (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
    Abstract [sv]

    Denna rapport är en del av ett projekt som Centrum för forskning om samhällsrisker, CSR, vid Karlstads universitet genomför på uppdrag av Länsstyrelsen Värmland. Rapporten syftar till att presentera och diskutera översvämningsrisker kopplade till byggnadsminnen i centrala Karlstad. I Riskhanteringsplanen (Länsstyrelsen Värmland, 2021) presenteras identifierade risker kopplat till översvämningsfrågan i Karlstad och på Hammarö. EU-direktivet genom förordning (2009:956) om översvämningsrisker lyfter fyra fokusområden; människors hälsa, miljön, kulturarvet och ekonomisk verksamhet. Fokusområdena ligger till grund för de lokala mål och åtgärder som tagits fram. Denna rapport fokuserar på det övergripande målet för fokusområde kulturarv, vilket är att skydda och begränsa skador på värdefulla kulturmiljöer och annat materiellt kulturarv vid en översvämning. Inom uppdraget utvecklas även kommunikationsmaterial samt undersöks hur seriösa spel och andra lärmodeller, i CSR:s Risklab®, kan användas för gemensamt lärande om temat.

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  • 48.
    Hessel, Erik
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Center for Societal Risk Research, CSR (from 2020). Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Political, Historical, Religious and Cultural Studies (from 2013).
    Corona och karantän – orsak till oro: En studie om effekterna av frivillig karantän för en sårbar grupp2021Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    At the end of 2019, a new coronavirus made its appearance and in March 2020 it was classified as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). In Sweden, the disease following infection by the virus, COVID-19, has been classified as a danger to society which have allowed the authorities to apply extraordinary measures. In April 2020, the elderly was encouraged to stay in voluntary quarantine. Knowing from earlier studies that this quarantine has resulted in deteriorating psychological well-being and great anxiety, this paper seeks to understand what factors might be contributing to this anxiety. By studying existing text answers from previous studies and analysing them with regards to a theory of psychological resilience by John Reich, results indicate that increased anxiety stems from lack of information, loss of control and a great longing for social contact. Furthermore, many of the respondents feel wrongfully lumped together in a risk category which makes it harder for them to accept decisions made by the authorities. By segmenting the group that is target for risk and crisis communication, and by giving the grounds for decisions taken by the authorities, psychological well-being and compliance to recommendations would probably be increased.

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  • 49.
    Holmberg, Robin
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Center for Societal Risk Research, CSR (from 2020).
    Gustavsson, Johanna
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Center for Societal Risk Research, CSR (from 2020). Karlstads universitet.
    Kommunernas trafiksäkerhetsarbete för oskyddade trafikanter2019Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Goda förutsättningar för aktiva transporter, som att promenera eller att cykla när vi tar oss till våra destinationer, är viktiga aspekter i den hållbara staden och dessutom något som kan förbättra folkhälsan. Många kommuner har identifierat säkerheten för oskyddade trafikanter som ett problem och arbetat fram vägledande strategier för hur de ska arbeta preventivt med denna trafikantgrupp (SKL, 2015:a)(SKL, 2015:a)(SKL, 2015:a), emellertid varierar åtgärderna bland kommunerna.Syftet med denna studie har varit att identifiera och teoretiskt granska, praktiskt och/eller empiriskt välgrundade interventioner som främjar säkerheten för i första hand cyklister och fotgängare. För att skapa en uppfattning om den rådande situationen har kommuner intervjuats om hur de ser på och arbetar med frågan. Tolv intervjuer genomfördes med kommuner av varierande storlekar spridda över landet och intervjumaterialet bearbetades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys.Resultatet visar att det finns ett starkt engagemang för att främja säkerheten för oskyddade trafikanter, men att arbetet hämmas av bristande systematik, knappa ekonomiska resurser och att även brist på kunskap kan utgöra ett hinder. Hastighetsreducerande åtgärder dominerar som främsta trafiksäkerhetsåtgärd, dock har separering av trafikslagen fått ett större fokus och utbyggnad och underhåll av GC-vägar prioriteras.Det framstår som att en systematisk och genomtänkt planering förtydligar målen och ger trafiksäkerhetsarbetet en tydligare inriktning för samtliga kommuner, oavsett storlek. Förutom det så kan ett fortsatt steg för att främja säkerheten för oskyddade trafikanter och samtidigt skapa bättre förutsättningar för aktiv transport vara att tydliggöra indikatorerna för uppföljning av trafiksäkerheten mot skyddade trafikanter.

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  • 50.
    Holmberg, Robin
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Center for Societal Risk Research, CSR (from 2020).
    Gustavsson, Johanna
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Center for Societal Risk Research, CSR (from 2020).
    Bonander, Carl
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Center for Societal Risk Research, CSR (from 2020). Göteborgs universitet.
    Evaluation of the design and implementation of municipal ice cleat distribution programs for the prevention of ice-related fall injuries among older adults in Sweden2021In: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 16, no 6, p. 1-15, article id e0253054Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction

    The risk for outdoor falls tends to increase during winter due to icy road conditions. Several Swedish municipalities have introduced programs that provide their senior citizens with a pair of ice cleats in an attempt to tackle this problem. In this paper, we perform a process evaluation to identify potential barriers to the success of these programs and analyze the logic of their design.

    Methods

    We sent a survey to all 290 Swedish municipalities to collect data on the characteristics of ice cleat distribution programs. We also performed focus-group interviews with older adults to gain insight into their thoughts about ice cleat programs. We synthesized our data with existing literature on ice cleats and behavior change theory to populate a logic model to identify and analyze hidden assumptions and potential flaws using program theory analysis.

    Results

    On average, about 40% of the eligible population living in the intervention municipalities collected a pair of ice cleats. While we identified some other, but mostly minor, barriers to implementation, the main barrier appears to be a lack of scale (i.e., insufficient procurement and distribution of ice cleats), as 90% of all purchased ice cleats were eventually distributed. While previous research suggests that ice cleats can decrease injury risks if worn, we find that there is limited evidence on the effects of distribution on ice cleat use. Our interviewees emphasized the potential utility of ice cleats for staying safe and active during winter but stressed that ice cleats need to be user-friendly and of high-quality to increase the likelihood that a distribution program encourages behavior change.

    Conclusion

    Existing ice cleat distribution programs appear to have reached a meaningful share of the targeted population. Additional research is required to assess their effects on ice cleat use and injury rates.

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