The introductory chapter outlines the book’s objectives and provides an overview of the Nordic context, arguing that the Nordic countries can be seen as a shared cultural region. It discusses common features such as the historical dominance of Lutheranism, the Nordic welfare state model, religious legislation, the financing of religion and the processes of secularisation and pluralisation. The chapter also explores early encounters with Buddhism, including Buddhist artefacts, texts and interactions with Buddhists in Asia. Additionally, it examines the contemporary presence of Buddhism in the Nordic countries, offering overviews of Buddhist organisations and the demographic landscape of Buddhism in each Nordic country.