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Impact of Cooling Air Temperature and Airflow on Wood Fuel Pellet Durability, Hardness, and Off-Gassing During Industrial Storage
Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Engineering and Chemical Sciences (from 2013).ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2528-4399
Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Engineering and Chemical Sciences (from 2013).ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9707-8896
2025 (English)In: BioResources, E-ISSN 1930-2126, Vol. 20, no 2, p. 3286-3298Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The cooling of pellets is necessary because pellets reach 70 to 90 degrees C after the pellet press. The reduction in temperature solidifies the pellets, which increases the pellet quality and reduces the risk of self-heating during storage. Industrially, pellet plants use outdoor air in counterflow coolers and cooling ends when the pellet temperature is approximately 5 degrees C above ambient temperature. Cooling performed in the summer could result in high temperatures in the pellet stacks during storage, and cooling at low temperatures and high airflows in the winter could cause quality problems. Therefore, the aim was to determine how cooling air temperature, airflow, and storage time impact the durability, hardness, and off-gassing of the pellets. The results showed that the highest durability (97.7%) and hardness (310 N) were achieved when cooling with low-temperature air and low airflow. Additionally, durability and hardness stabilized at high values (98.9% and 640 N) after 30 to 40 days of storage, regardless of the airflow and cooling air temperature used. Furthermore, it was found that high airflows reduce off-gassing regardless of the cooling air temperature. It is recommended that the industry reduce airflow during the winter and increase it during the summer to produce high-quality pellets and minimize the risk of self-heating.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
University of North Carolina Press, 2025. Vol. 20, no 2, p. 3286-3298
Keywords [en]
Industrial cooling, Wood pellets, Airflow, Durability, Storage, Air temperature, Off-gassing
National Category
Energy Engineering
Research subject
Environmental and Energy Systems
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-103975DOI: 10.15376/biores.20.2.3286-3298ISI: 001451612500002Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-105000115892OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kau-103975DiVA, id: diva2:1951660
Available from: 2025-04-11 Created: 2025-04-11 Last updated: 2026-02-12Bibliographically approved

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Ståhl, MagnusBerghel, Jonas

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