Grasslands in the Campos Sulinos region are suffering rapid losses due to expansion of agricultural fields and exotic tree plantations, resulting in risks of losses of biodiversity and ecosystem services. In this chapter, we analyse the current contribution of the protected area to conservation of grasslands, discuss the role – and implementation problems – of Legal Reserves and Areas of Permanent Protection, as well as the need for adequate grassland management. Only 5% of the total area of southern Brazil is currently in protected areas, with biases in terms of spatial distribution and type of ecosystem protected: grasslands are under-represented. The Legal Reserve could be an interesting instrument to complement the protected area networks, but implementation at the moment is insufficient and there have been attempts to undermine the instrument in favour of agricultural expansion. Besides implementation of Legal Reserve and expanding the network of protected areas, it is important that grassland areas are properly managed, as they are disturbance-dependent ecosystems. Grazing, fire and mowing can be used in active management, depending on the ecological and socioeconomic context of a specific site, and creation of spatial and temporal heterogeneity seems especially interesting from a conservation perspective. We conclude that the role of grassland conservation for safeguarding essential ecosystem services should be further explored in future studies to advance in conservation.