This study evaluates the heat and moisture performance of wooden stud walls with aerogel blankets as the main insulation.There is always a risk that a newmaterial will create problems if it is applied in the same way as conventional materials.To predictand prevent such problems, it is of essential interest to analyze aerogel applications from a heat and moisture perspective. In thisstudy, thermal conductivity and the vapor diffusivity of aerogel blankets were measured. The work found that the aerogel blanketscan be compressed and that compression actually lowers the thermal conductivity. The measured results were used as input innumerical simulations. Four different wall layouts were modeled and compared to a wall with conventional insulation. The simulationsshowed that the thickness of a wooden stud wall could be decreased to 60% with aerogel blankets instead of conventionalinsulation, with the same thermal transmittance. Also, the position of the aerogel layers had a large influence on the moisturecondition in the wall. The aerogel wall in the study with the best moisture performance has a homogeneous aerogel layer outsideof the wooden studs and the studs are in line, forming a continuous thermal bridge through the wall. The moisture performanceof the best aerogel wall in the study was as good as the studied wall with conventional insulation.