Beyond biofuel production, algae, particularly microalgae, serve as natural reservoirs of high-value phytochemicals, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids, polysaccharides, and pigments, each proven to possess a spectrum of bioactive attributes, ranging from potent antioxidant effects to anticancer properties. Intriguingly, the remarkable potential to fine-tune the yield and quality of these compounds via robust microalgae strains, culture condition manipulation, and exposure to abiotic stresses makes microalgae cultivation a profitable endeavor for cutting-edge biomedical applications. This chapter provides detailed guidance on the criteria for selecting microalgae cultivation systems, harvesting technologies, and drying techniques, with a focus on their energy-economic aspects to scale up the production of biomedical products. Additionally, it includes a thorough examination of the environmental impact throughout the life cycle assessment, highlights promising opportunities within the production process, and offers key recommendations for achieving sustainability goals.