Cosmetic surgery has become increasingly popularduring recent years. In this study, we hypothesized that stronger parental pressure concerning appearance would be relatedto more cosmetic surgery acceptance in both women and men.We further expected that the link between parental attitudestoward appearance and acceptance of cosmetic surgery wouldbe mediated by body ideal internalization and appearancerelated social comparison. Participants included 277 maleand female undergraduates in West Sweden (38 % men, meanage = 22.42, SD± 2.81). Results indicated that the hypothesized relationships were generally supported for men:Multiple mediational analyses showed that both paternal andmaternal pressure regarding appearance predicted men’sgreater acceptance cosmetic surgery, via mediation ofappearance-related social comparison. For women, hypothesized relationships were less supported: Mediational analysesconfirmed only a marginal effect between paternal appearancepressure and women’s endorsement of social motives for cosmetic surgery, via appearance-related social comparison.Women were, however, more likely than men to considercosmetic surgery. Thus, the findings point toward a role ofparents, through the processes of appearance-related comparison, for young men’s cosmetic surgery acceptance. For youngadult women, other sociocultural agents (e.g., media,peers) may be more important for the acceptance ofcosmetic surgery.