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A Proactive Performance Prediction Framework for Virtual Network Functions in 5G Networks
University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, Oslo, Norway.
University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013). University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5800-2779
2025 (English)In: 2025 21st International Conference on Network and Service Management (CNSM), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2025Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Virtual Network Functions (VNFs) are essential components in modern networking that decouple network functions from dedicated hardware, thereby enhancing flexibility, scalability, and cost-efficiency. The inherently dynamic nature and fluctuating loads of networks, combined with evolving network demands, often lead to the over-allocation or underprovisioning of VNF resources, posing a significant challenge in optimal VNF resource usage. This issue becomes even more challenging when VNFs are connected in a specific sequence to fulfill a functional need-Service Function Chain (SFC). A promising solution to this challenge is proactive resource management-predicting resource demands of VNFs in advance. In this paper, we present a performance metrics prediction framework designed to anticipate multi-step resource demands for VNFs. The framework employs machine learning models, including RNN, LSTM, GRU, and Transformer models, within a robust meta-learner to capture complex usage patterns, accounting for both short-term and long-term dependencies in VNF resource consumption. This approach allows for precise prediction of critical key performance indicators (KPIs), including CPU usage, memory usage, processing latency, and traffic load for each VNF within an SFC. The evaluation results show that the proposed framework achieves a 75% reduction in mean absolute error (MAE) compared to the Transformer model and over 84% compared to RNN, LSTM, and GRU models. These results demonstrate the framework's substantial improvement over state-of-the-art approaches. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2025.
Keywords [en]
5G Networks, Cloud-Native Network Function (CNF), Performance Metrics Prediction, Service Function Chain (SFC), Virtual Network Function (VNF), Chains, Learning systems, Long short-term memory, Natural resources management, Network architecture, Network performance, Transfer functions, Cloud-native network function, Network functions, Performance metric prediction, Performance metrices, Resource demands, Service function chain, Service functions, Virtual network function, Virtual networks, Forecasting
National Category
Computer Sciences
Research subject
Computer Science
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-109406DOI: 10.23919/CNSM67658.2025.11297473Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-105032100475OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kau-109406DiVA, id: diva2:2048514
Conference
Proceedings of the 2025 21st International Conference on Network and Service Management: AI and Sustainability in the Future of Network and Service Management, CNSM 2025
Available from: 2026-03-25 Created: 2026-03-25 Last updated: 2026-03-25Bibliographically approved

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Alay, Özgü

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