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Elever med särskild begåvning och dyslexi: Ömsesidig maskering i tester och skolpraktik
Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Educational Studies (from 2013). (GiftED)ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0118-752X
2025 (Swedish)Doctoral thesis, monograph (Other academic)Alternative title
Gifted students with dyslexia : Dual masking in tests and school practice (English)
Abstract [en]

This thesis explores the interaction between dyslexia and giftedness in primary school students identified as twice-exceptional (2e). Gifted students with dyslexia may mask their reading and writing difficulties, and vice versa, making both identification and support challenging. 

The thesis examines how giftedness can mask dyslexia in screening and school practice, and how tests, rating scales, and classroom support address this complex profile. The thesis addresses five research questions concerning (1) the ability of reading and spelling tests to identify dyslexia in gifted students, (2) how giftedness may mask decoding difficulties, (3) the predictive value of Nissen´s rating scales for giftedness, (4) what support students receive, and (5) how they describe their text-related challenges and strategies. The theoretical framework combines the Differentiating Model of Giftedness and Talent with the Simple View of Reading. 

Twenty-four students, aged 10 to 16, participated in the study. All of them were identified as gifted, and many were diagnosed with dyslexia. Quantitative data from DLS and LOGOS reading and spelling tests were combined with rating scales for giftedness and qualitative interviews. 

Results show that although most students perform within the normal range on reading comprehension, all display weak decoding and spelling skills, indicating stealth dyslexia. Teachers often rated students below the giftedness threshold, while significant correlations emerged between students’ and guardians’ ratings. Interviews reveal that support for gifted students with dyslexia is often inadequate; their literacy difficulties mask their strengths, resulting in a lack of support for both areas. 

The findings underline the need for more nuanced identification and differentiated instruction that address both literacy challenges and giftedness. Assessment practices should consider multiple perspectives and recognise spelling as a key indicator of dyslexia, even when reading comprehension seems intact. 

Abstract [sv]

Kan särskild begåvning maskera dyslexi? 

Vanligt förekommande läsförståelsetest fångar inte alltid de avkodningssvårigheter som kännetecknar dyslexi. För elever med särskild begåvning kan det innebära att svårigheterna förblir dolda i skolan. I denna avhandling undersöks hur dyslexi kan identifieras hos elever med särskild begåvning. Fokus riktas mot begreppen dold dyslexi och twice-exceptionality (2e).

Avhandlingen bygger på resultat från tester, skattningsskalor och individuella intervjuer med 24 elever i åldrarna 10–16 år. Flera har sedan tidigare en begåvningsutredning och diagnosticerad dyslexi. I avhandlingen undersöks hur väl etablerade testinstrument klarar att identifiera läs- och skrivsvårigheter, samt hur elever, vårdnadshavare och lärare skattar elevernas begåvning. Elevernas berättelser ger också inblick i hur de själva beskriver sin skolvardag, deras erfarenheter av stödinsatser och vilka utmaningar och strategier de beskriver att de har vid arbete med texter. 

Resultaten visar tydliga avkodningssvårigheter hos samtliga elever. Trots dyslexi presterar de flesta inom eller över normalområdet på läsförståelsetest med flervalsfrågor. Stavningssvårigheter är framträdande och framstår som en tydlig indikation på dyslexi. Lärarna tenderar att underskatta elevernas begåvning, medan vårdnadshavarna och eleverna ser den tydligare. I skolan ligger fokus ofta på svårigheterna vilket gör att begåvningen riskerar att förbises. De flesta får varken stimulans för begåvningen eller stöd för läs- och skrivsvårigheterna. 

Avhandlingen aktualiserar behovet av bättre sätt att identifiera och förstå 2e-elever med dyslexi. Den bidrar med ny kunskap till forskarsamhället såväl som till pedagogisk och klinisk praktik. Resultaten kan stärka kompetensen hos pedagoger, logopeder och andra yrkesgrupper med undervisande eller utredande uppdrag, och ger även värdefulla insikter för föräldrar och beslutsfattare. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Karlstad: Karlstads universitet, 2025. , p. 306
Series
Karlstad University Studies, ISSN 1403-8099 ; 2025:43
Keywords [en]
twice-exceptional, gifted, stealth dyslexia, learning disabilities, reading assessment, rating scale, differentiated instruction
Keywords [sv]
särskild begåvning, dold dyslexi, twice-exceptionality, differentierad undervisning, gifted, stealth dyslexia, twice-exceptionality, differentiated instruction
National Category
Educational Sciences
Research subject
Educational Work
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-106988DOI: 10.59217/oqjq4847ISBN: 978-91-7867-628-6 (print)ISBN: 978-91-7867-629-3 (electronic)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kau-106988DiVA, id: diva2:2009054
Public defence
2025-12-19, Nyquistsalen (9c203), Universitetsgatan 2, Karlstad, 13:00 (Swedish)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2025-11-28 Created: 2025-10-26 Last updated: 2025-12-15Bibliographically approved

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