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New(s) metric management: Navigating institutional change in Sweden’s data-informed legacy newsrooms
Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Geography, Media and Communication (from 2013). (NODE - The Ander Centre for Research on News and Opinion in the Digital Era)ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2027-5760
2025 (English)Doctoral thesis, monograph (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

This doctoral thesis examines how two groups of institutional actors in journalism – strategic managers and journalist union representatives – navigate the integration of newsroom metrics into everyday journalistic work. This is particularly relevant in Sweden, where journalists share strong professional values and a tradition of workplace autonomy.

The study adopts a field-level perspective and utilises interviews with managers (n=19) and focus groups with union-affiliated journalists (n=26) across all Sweden’s major legacy media organisations (SR, SVT, Bonnier, Schibsted, NTM, Stampen, Gota, NWT, VK).

Journalism is viewed as a societal institution balancing organisational efficiency with occupational ideals. To analyse how this tension is shaped by increasing data use in news organisations, institutional norms are examined through autonomy, professional skill, and public duty.

This study highlights how audience metrics have evolved into broader performance management systems, where management selects key metrics and disseminates them as performance indicators. This shifts power from journalists to management and fosters a rational, efficiency-driven mindset. Both groups accept metrics as a strategic response to technological and economic pressures, while trusting the organisation to safeguard editorial autonomy. Metrics are seen as useful for skill development but less reliable for evaluating individual performance, though they sometimes factor into salary discussions. Subscription-based revenues have made journalism a more measurable organisational commodity, and when promoting public duty over efficiency, managers often frame it as “brand value.” Union concerns primarily focus on the rise of promotional content and the decline in coverage of local politics and civic affairs.

Examining news organisations’ data-informed strategies matters not only because they reshape journalistic workplaces, but also because they influence the journalism that informs society.

Abstract [sv]

Denna avhandling undersöker hur två grupper av institutionella aktörer – strategiska chefer och journalistfackliga representanter – navigerar hur mätdata påverkar journalistiken som arbete och institution.

Studien utgår från att journalistik är en samhällsinstitution där organisatorisk effektivitet balanseras med yrkesideal. För att undersöka hur balansen påverkas i en data-informerad nyhetsbransch utgår analysen från normer kring journalistikens autonomi, yrkesskicklighet, och samhällsuppdrag.

Materialet bygger på intervjuer med chefer (n=19) och fokusgruppsintervjuer med fackligt aktiva journalister (n=26) inom svensk traditionell och etablerad nyhetsbransch (SR, SVT, Bonnier, Schibsted, NTM, Stampen, Gota, NWT och VK). 

Resultaten visar hur den digitala journalistikens klickmätningar utvecklas till allt mer omfattande målstyrningssystem. Ledningen kan sätta nyckeltal som påverkar arbetet på många olika redaktioner, vilket förskjuter makt från journalister till ledning. Nyckeltalen sprider ett rationellt, effektivitetsdrivet tankesätt. Både chefer och fackliga accepterar mätdata som en strategisk anpassning till ny teknik och ändrade ekonomiska villkor, men litar också på att organisationen kan försvara redaktionell autonomi. Data ses som ett användbart verktyg för att utveckla yrkesskicklighet i presentation och vinkel, men mindre användbart för att utvärdera individuell prestation. Trots det blir mätdata ibland en faktor i löneförhandlingar. Journalistikens kommersiella och mätbara värde har också betonats i och med digitala prenumerationsmodeller. Chefer talar ofta om undantag från datastyrning i termer av att värna varumärket och motsvara förväntningar. De fackligas farhågor handlar främst om ökad textreklam och brist på ”pliktbevakning” som kontinuerligt förmedlar vad som händer i samhället.

Nyhetsorganisationers data-informerade strategier har betydelse inte bara för den journalistiska arbetsplatsen, utan också vilken journalistik som människor kan ta del av.

Abstract [en]

New(s) metric management examines a major shift in journalism brought about by the rise of digital journalism: the emergence of newsroom metrics. As the debate over ‘click journalism’ has faded, data has become a normalised, strategic tool for editorial decision-making and organisational learning.

In Sweden’s legacy news industry, this transformation has led to increasingly quantified workplaces, where performance is measured, targets are tracked, and analytics are embedded in everyday routines. Managers and journalists now discuss metric outcomes as KPIs (key performance indicators), signalling a move from simple audience metrics to more comprehensive performance management systems guiding journalistic work. Still, when news organisations stress that they are data-informed rather than data-driven, this reflects a negotiated balance between organisational efficiency and occupational ideals.

The circulation cake, once served to celebrate annual print statistics, is now a rare treat. But the Swedish tradition of celebrating numbers with cake lives on. Slices may still sweeten digital-first newsroom achievements, such as converting subscribers, breaking traffic records, and hitting editorial targets.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Karlstad: Karlstads universitet, 2025. , p. 256
Series
Karlstad University Studies, ISSN 1403-8099 ; 2025:34
Keywords [en]
journalism, institutional theory, newsroom metrics, editorial analytics, datafication, quantified workplace, data-informed, news organisations, media management, performance management systems, metric entrepreneurs
Keywords [sv]
journalistik, institutionell teori, redaktionella nyckeltal, redaktionell mätdata, datafiering, kvantifierad arbetsplats, nyhetsorganisationer, medieledarskap, målstyrningssystem
National Category
Media and Communication Studies
Research subject
Media and Communication Studies
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-106616DOI: 10.59217/nxsh4503ISBN: 978-91-7867-606-4 (print)ISBN: 978-91-7867-607-1 (electronic)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kau-106616DiVA, id: diva2:1990250
Public defence
2025-09-26, Andersalen (11D121), Karlstads universitet, Karlstad, 13:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Funder
Anne-Marie and Gustaf Anders Foundation for Media ResearchAvailable from: 2025-09-05 Created: 2025-08-19 Last updated: 2025-10-16Bibliographically approved

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