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The Influence of Physical Mixing and Impregnation on the Physicochemical Properties of Pine Wood Activated Carbon Produced by One-Step ZnCl2 Activation
Aalto University, FIN.
Aalto University, FIN.
Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Engineering and Chemical Sciences (from 2013).ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1065-1221
Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Engineering and Chemical Sciences (from 2013).ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0380-3533
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2023 (English)In: Micromachines, E-ISSN 2072-666X, Vol. 14, no 3, article id 572Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

In this study, two different sample preparation methods to synthesize activated carbon from pine wood were compared. The pine wood activated carbon was prepared by mixing ZnCl2 by physical mixing, i.e., "dry mixing" and impregnation, i.e., "wet mixing" before high temperature carbonization. The influence of these methods on the physicochemical properties of activated carbons was examined. The activated carbon was analyzed using nitrogen sorption (surface area, pore volume and pore size distribution), XPS, density, Raman spectroscopy, and electrochemistry. Physical mixing led to a slightly higher density carbon (1.83 g/cm(3)) than wet impregnation (1.78 g/cm(3)). Raman spectroscopy analysis also showed that impregnation led to activated carbon with a much higher degree of defects than physical mixing, i.e., I-D/I-G = 0.86 and 0.89, respectively. The wet impregnated samples also had better overall textural properties. For example, for samples activated with 1:1 ratio, the total pore volume was 0.664 vs. 0.637 cm(3)/g and the surface area was 1191 vs. 1263 m(2)/g for dry and wet mixed samples, respectively. In the electrochemical application, specifically in supercapacitors, impregnated samples showed a much better capacitance at low current densities, i.e., 247 vs. 146 F/g at the current density of 0.1 A/g. However, the physically mixed samples were more stable after 5000 cycles: 97.8% versus 94.4% capacitance retention for the wet impregnated samples.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
MDPI, 2023. Vol. 14, no 3, article id 572
Keywords [en]
pine wood, supercapacitor, activated carbon, biomass, energy storage, carbonization, physical mixing and impregnation
National Category
Materials Chemistry Bio Materials
Research subject
Environmental and Energy Systems
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-94375DOI: 10.3390/mi14030572ISI: 000958964100001PubMedID: 36984979Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85152213764OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kau-94375DiVA, id: diva2:1752022
Available from: 2023-04-20 Created: 2023-04-20 Last updated: 2026-02-12Bibliographically approved

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Sandberg, MariaGranström, Karin

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