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The double-sided nature of lifestyle-oriented work within the Swedish equine sector: Characteristics and consequences for employee health and well-being
Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Karlstad Business School (from 2013).ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6345-1656
2023 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

This thesis considers the nature of lifestyle-oriented work, i.e. making a livelihood based on leisure interest or personal lifestyle, and focuses on the perspective of employees within the Swedish equine sector. The purpose was to gain an increased understanding of the characteristics of lifestyle-oriented work and the consequences for health and well-being. 

The thesis has a case study research design with two embedded units, riding schools and trotting stables, and a mixed methodological approach based on questionnaires and interviews. 

The findings show that employees experienced their work as both important and attractive with loyalty, relations, and stimulation being important factors for work attractiveness (Paper I). The employees found their work meaningful and worked primarily to achieve self-realization and quality of life. Person–environment fit, task significance, and occupational culture emerged as important factors for meaningfulness. However, the work had an inherent duality as the same factors both promoted and challenged the experiences of work attractiveness and meaningfulness (Paper II). The safety climate was found to be relatively good, despite some risk acceptance (Paper III), although the results indicated shortcomings regarding occupational health and safety management (OHSM) (Papers III and IV). Moreover, motivation, management, occupational culture, and resources affect both participation and compliance in OHSM (Paper IV).

Lifestyle-oriented work within the equine sector can be described as double-sided, i.e. both satisfying and demanding. The work is characterized by attraction, meaningfulness, prosocial behavior, and a strong occupational culture but also an acceptance of challenging working conditions, overwork and deficient conditions for OHSM. A systematic OHSM, where both health-promoting factors and risk factors are considered, is necessary to enhance employee health and well-being and to create attractive and sustainable employment.

Abstract [en]

Many people dream of turning their hobby into a profession so that they can earn a living while doing work they enjoy. Making a livelihood based on hobbies and leisure interests, i.e. employment in the intersection of the work and leisure spheres, can be defined as lifestyle-oriented. However, lifestyle-oriented work can be experienced as double-sided as it contains inherent characteristics that both promote and challenge health and well-being which, in turn, raise issues concerning sustainable employment. 

The aim of this thesis was to gain an increased understanding of the nature of lifestyle-oriented work and what consequences it may have for employees. The thesis brings together the issues of attractive work, meaningful work, occupational culture, and occupational health and safety management. 

Creating attractive working conditions and meaningful work content in a healthy and sustainable way is important in many aspects, not only for an organization’s ability to recruit and retain employees but also to foster employee motivation and commitment as well as health and well-being throughout the working life. The results contribute to the understanding of how work can be organized and designed to offer attractive and sustainable employment in lifestyle-oriented work.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Karlstads universitet, 2023. , p. 123
Series
Karlstad University Studies, ISSN 1403-8099 ; 2023:6
Keywords [en]
attractive work, Attractive Work Content Model, employee health and well-being, equine sector, harness racing, lifestyle-oriented work, meaningful work, motivation, non-profit association, NOSACQ-50, occupational culture, occupational health and safety, riding schools, safety climate, Self Determination Theory, small-scale enterprises, sustainable employment, sustainable work, systematic work environment management, working conditions, work-life balance
National Category
Work Sciences
Research subject
Working Life Science
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-93574ISBN: 978-91-7867-346-9 (print)ISBN: 978-91-7867-347-6 (electronic)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kau-93574DiVA, id: diva2:1735964
Public defence
2023-03-31, Clas Ohlson salen, Högskolan Dalarna, Campus Borlänge, Borlänge, 13:00 (Swedish)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2023-03-06 Created: 2023-02-10 Last updated: 2023-05-10Bibliographically approved
List of papers
1. Med stallet som arbetsplats: om attraktivt arbete i hästnäringe
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Med stallet som arbetsplats: om attraktivt arbete i hästnäringe
2020 (Swedish)In: Arbetsmarknad & Arbetsliv, ISSN 1400-9692, E-ISSN 2002-343X, Vol. 26, no 1, p. 53-69Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [sv]

Tidigare studier har visat att det finns både utmaningar och brister gällande  arbetsmiljö och arbetsförhållanden inom hästnäringen. Syftet med den här  artikeln är att identifiera hur anställda i hästnäringen upplever sitt nuvarande  arbete och vilka faktorer de anser vara viktiga för att ett arbete ska upplevas  som attraktivt, samt att undersöka skillnader mellan det nuvarande arbetet  och anställdas idealbild av ett attraktivt arbete. Studien baseras på en enkätundersökning med sammantaget 150 svar från anställda i travstall och  ridskolor. I artikeln diskuteras utmaningar och möjligheter för att skapa  attraktiva arbeten i hästnäringen.

Abstract [en]

Previous studies of the equine industry have shown shortcomings regarding employees’ work environment and working conditions. The purpose of this article is to identify how employees in the horse industry perceive their current work and what factors they consider important for a job to be attractive, as well as to examine differences between the current work and the employees’ ideal image of an attractive work. The study is based on a questionnaire survey with a total of 150 responses from employees. The article discusses challenges and opportunities for creating attractive work in the equine industry.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Karlstad: Karlstads universitet, 2020
Keywords
attractive work, equine industry, work environment, working condition, arbetsmiljö, arbetsvillkor, attraktivt arbete, ridskolor och travstall
National Category
Work Sciences
Research subject
Working Life Science
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-76812 (URN)
Available from: 2020-02-17 Created: 2020-02-17 Last updated: 2023-08-28Bibliographically approved
2. The Double-Sided Nature of Meaningful Work: Promoting and Challenging Factors within the Swedish Equine Sector
Open this publication in new window or tab >>The Double-Sided Nature of Meaningful Work: Promoting and Challenging Factors within the Swedish Equine Sector
2022 (English)In: Challenges, E-ISSN 2078-1547, Vol. 13, no 1, p. 1-14, article id 13Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Meaningful work is related to a range of positive outcomes, but also negative effects. Research regarding meaningful work and lifestyle-oriented work; i.e., when making a livelihood based on a leisure interest and personal lifestyle, is deficient. The aim of this qualitative study is therefore to explore factors that promote and challenge meaningful work in a lifestyle-oriented setting. The study focuses on the perspective of employees within the Swedish equine sector, and is based on individual interviews. The results show that person–environment fit, task significance, and occupational culture seem to be important factors in the promotion of meaningful work. In addition, the analysis also illustrates how the nature of meaningful work has an inherent duality, constructed by abalancing act between doing good for oneself and for others. The tension is reinforced by the fact that the same factors can both promote meaningful work and challenge meaningfulness. This study shows that meaningful work not only comes with satisfaction, enjoyment, and fulfillment, but also an acceptance of challenging working conditions, which may lead to sacrifices and exhaustion. The double-sided nature of meaningful work can therefore affect the employees’ well-being, and challenge the willingness and ability to remain in the occupation.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
MDPI, 2022
Keywords
harness racing, lifestyle-oriented work, occupational culture, person–environment fit, riding schools, task significance, work environment management
National Category
Work Sciences
Research subject
Working Life Science
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-93273 (URN)10.3390/challe13010013 (DOI)
Funder
AFA Insurance, 190229
Available from: 2023-02-06 Created: 2023-02-06 Last updated: 2024-04-30Bibliographically approved
3. Occupational Safety Climate in the Swedish Equine Sector
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Occupational Safety Climate in the Swedish Equine Sector
2022 (English)In: Animals, E-ISSN 2076-2615, Vol. 12, no 4, p. 1-20, article id 438Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The Swedish equine sector is considered a high-risk work environment, with relatively high injury rates and high severity of injuries. General safety research has identified a correlation between the safety performance and safety culture, but little is known about the intricacies of the safety culture in the Swedish equine sector, especially concerning managers’ and employees’ perceptions of their work environment. The safety climate assessment is recognised as an effective tool for identifying potential problems in the workplace, thus enhancing safety behaviour and decreasing the frequency and severity of injuries. The aim was to evaluate the safety climate at riding schools and trotting stables through the Nordic Safety Climate Questionnaire (NOSACQ-50) diagnostic tool, and to get a better understanding of the workers’ perceptions regarding safety and safety management at their workplace through complementary interviews. The results showed that the safety climate was generally positive and that employees were aware of the risks relating to their work. Riding schools commonly had routines in place for risk assessment and work environment management, but such routines were often lacking at trotting stables, indicating inadequate prioritisation of safety by the management. The main area that should be targeted to improve safety in the sector is employees’ prioritisation and non-acceptance of risks. Proactive instead of reactive safety management should be promoted, where safety is an integral part of daily work and all employees are encouraged to identify factors contributing to occupational injuries and develop strategies for injury prevention.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
MDPI, 2022
Keywords
equestrian sport, horse industry, NOSACQ-50, riding school, safety climate assessment, safety culture, trotting, work environment
National Category
Agricultural Occupational Health and Safety
Research subject
Working Life Science
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-93274 (URN)10.3390/ani12040438 (DOI)000763725300001 ()35203148 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85124323068 (Scopus ID)
Funder
AFA Insurance, 190229
Available from: 2023-02-06 Created: 2023-02-06 Last updated: 2024-01-17Bibliographically approved
4. Motivational factors for occupational safety and health improvements: A mixed-method study within the Swedish equine sector
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Motivational factors for occupational safety and health improvements: A mixed-method study within the Swedish equine sector
2023 (English)In: Safety Science, ISSN 0925-7535, E-ISSN 1879-1042, Vol. 159, article id 106035Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

A well-functioning systematic occupational safety and health management is beneficial for both individuals and organizations, and employee motivation seems to be crucial for positive outcomes. Occupational safety and health issues are a major concern for the Swedish equine sector since the work environment in horse stables is known to be characterized by low mechanization, high physical workloads, and high injury risks. The purpose of this study was to gain an increased understanding of how systematic occupational safety and health management is performed and which factors that influence motivation for occupational safety and health improvements in the Swedish equine sector. An explanatory sequential mixed-methods study, based on quantitative data from questionnaires and qualitative data from semi-structured interviews, was conducted. Various statistical analyses were performed to obtain quantitative data and an abductive applied thematic analysis was applied for the qualitative data. The results indicate that both intrinsic motivators, i.e. attitudes, values, and influence, as well as contextual factors such as motivational management, occupational culture, and workplace resources, influence compliance in systematic occupational safety and health management and participation in occupational safety and health improvements, which in turn affect workplace outcomes regarding safety and health. The positive relationship found between an implemented and functioning systematic occupational safety and health management and employee motivation for occupational safety and health improvements indicate the importance of employee involvement and participation. Understanding the motivational factors for occupational safety and health improvements from an employee perspective is an important step to creating healthy and sustainable workplaces. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2023
Keywords
Employee participation, Intrinsic motivation, Occupational culture, Safety motivation, Systematic OSH management Self-determination theory
National Category
Work Sciences
Research subject
Working Life Science
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-93275 (URN)10.1016/j.ssci.2022.106035 (DOI)000901818000004 ()2-s2.0-85145602422 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2023-02-06 Created: 2023-02-06 Last updated: 2023-02-10Bibliographically approved

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