Syftet med denna rapport är att med hjälp av statistiska regressionsanalyser beräkna hur sambandet ser ut mellan andel omkomna och räddningstjänstens anspännings+körtid respektive responstid, samt värdera detta samband i kronor. Nu med hjälp av räddningstjänsternas händelserapporter från år 2018–2023

Ignoring costs when evaluating different measures is not a very rational way to deal with fire safety. Finding efficient measures to increase fire safety is a necessary, but not sufficient condition for choosing the relevant measure. The measure in question must also be economically efficient, that is, the benefits must outweigh the costs, both measured in monetary values. Cost-benefit analysis, CBA, is a method used to find out if that is true or not. This chapter describes what CBA is and how to use it for evaluating fire safety measures. The problem of choosing values for lives and injuries is discussed. The chapter also includes a short list of CBA results for residential fire safety measures. The main conclusion of the chapter is that more CBA studies evaluating fire safety measures should be done.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the association between sociodemographic factors and residential fire fatalities in Sweden. A majority of fatal fires occur in housing. An understanding of risk factors and risk groups is a must for well-Founded decisions regarding targeted prevention efforts. There is a lack of consideration of the interrelation between sociodemographic factors and fire fatalities and there is a lack of high quality large-Scale studies. Methods: In this matched case-Control study, residential fire fatalities (cases, n=850) (age above 19 years old) were identified in the national register on fatal fires. Four controls per case were randomly matched by gender and age. ORs were calculated to assess the association between different sociodemographic factors with residential fire fatalities using conditional logistic regression. Results: Having low income, receiving social allowance and receiving health-Related early retirement pension were associated with an increased risk of dying in residential fires. The results also show clearly that adults dying in residential fires to a significantly lower extent were living together with a partner, were in work, were highly educated and lived in urban areas. However, contrary to previous research, living in rented apartments appeared not to influence the risk of death. Conclusions: In this study, we show that fatalities due to residential fires in Sweden are associated with some but not all of previously published sociodemographic risk factors. The results provide valuable information that can improve the guiding and targeting of fire mortality prevention strategies in Sweden.

Introduction: Fire and rescue services Syd, in the south of Sweden, started to conduct home fire and safety checks on a large scale in 2010. The goal was to reduce the damages from residential fires. Method: We estimate the effects of the intervention on the incidence of residential fires and evaluate its economic effect. We use a difference-in-kinks design to analyze time-varying intervention effects and conduct a cost–benefit analysis for the economic evaluation. Results: The results demonstrate that fires and developed fires decrease by a maximum of approximately 6% and 8% per year (assuming 100% causality)and that the intervention has positive economic effects, with the benefits estimated to be maximum 8–11 times higher than the costs. Practical applications: The results should be valuable as input when deciding whether to implement home fire and safety checks elsewhere.

This study applies the protection motivation theory (PMT) in analysing homeowners’ flood risk perception and their risk reduction behaviour. A survey was completed by 1143 households in flood-prone residential areas in Sweden. Respondents were asked about their flood experience, their beliefs about their future private flood risk, their trust in public risk reduction and their perception of how responsibility for flood risk reduction is divided between different governmental and private institutions. This study finds that homeowners that have implemented private flood risk reduction (FRR) had to a larger extent been exposed to floods in the past and they considered public FRR to be insufficient. They also had a greater sense of responsibility and believed they had considerable knowledge on how to reduce their private flood risk. Respondents were also asked about their preferences for performing 15 specific private risk reducing measures. The most frequent answer given by homeowners was (1) they do not have the knowledge needed to evaluate the measures. (2) They have evaluated the measures and deemed that the measures will not be able to effectively reduce their private flood risk. To facilitate and exploit the flood risk reduction potential of households, this study identifies the following four areas of flood risk management that need to be better communicated to residents in vulnerable residential areas: Objective flood risk, response efficacy regarding private and public FRR measures, skills that can increase homeowners’ self-efficacy, and the actual responsibility distribution by law concerning private property flood risk reduction.

Fire protection is an example of a complex production process. This study measures efficiency by constructing binary and ordinal output variables from information on residential fires in Sweden about how a fire spreads from when the fire and rescue brigade arrives to when a fire is suppressed. The motivations behind this study are that there are only a few studies trying to estimate production efficiency for fire and rescue services, that data on a more detailed level is interesting for some public services, and there is a need to be able to measure efficiency differences even if only a binary or ordinal output variable is available. Using a logit random parameter model, the random effects are interpreted as efficiency differences. The conclusions are that fire and rescue services with a more flexible fire organisation with first response persons, working in collaboration with other municipalities and with larger populations are more efficient.

Arbetspaket 1: Räddningstjänstens effektivitet vid insatserFyra olika delar studerats: 1. Effektiva metoder och åtgärder vid räddningsinsatser, 2. Räddningstjänstens snabbhet, 3. Räddningsinsats vid risk för suicid och 4. Systematiskt arbete med individanpassat brandskydd.

Arbetspaket 2: Räddningstjänstens arbetsmiljö. Tre delstudier har genomförts: 1. Statistik över skador och sjukdomar, 2. Tidigare forskning om räddningstjänstens arbetsmiljö och 3. Brandmännens upplevelser av risker och oro i yrket.

Arbetspaket 3: Lärande från händelser - organisationspedagogiskt perspektiv på MSB’s After Action Review (AAR)

I denna förstudie undersöks förutsättningarna för en möjlig kommande studie kring restvärdesverksamhetens nytta. Verksamheten har kartlagts, definierats och avgränsats på ett sätt som är tänkt att möjliggöra en vetenskaplig operationalisering. Tidigare forskning tycks saknas vilket gör att studier på området startar från en mycket grund nivå.

Ett spektrum av nyttoposter har identifierats. Dessa tillkommer försäkringsbolagen, men även den skadedrabbade ”kunden” (enskilda, företag eller samhället) samt räddningstjänsten och samhället i övrigt. I rapporten redovisas i vilken grad dessa nyttoposter bedöms möjliga att uppskatta i monetära termer, respektive kan värderas på annat sätt.

Tillgång till relevanta data är en nyckelfråga för ett fortsatt genomförande av en huvudstudie. Tekniska och juridiska hinder kring dataåtkomst fördröjde delar av förstudien, samtidigt som det finns ett värde i att dessa identifierats och delvis överbryggats inom förstudiens ram inför beslut om en huvudstudie.

Förstudien bedöms sammantaget uppfylla behovet av att lägga en grund för fortsatt forskning kring restvärdesverksamhetens nytta. Fyra delstudier föreslås som en fortsättning på arbetet med att belysa olika nyttoposter, såväl kvantitativt som kvalitativt.