In this chapter, the sustainability of journalism is explored with interest in how users express trust and distrust towards professional news media. The challenges to the sustainability of journalism have social, financial and environmental tenets. The center of attention here is the social aspect of how users negotiate the end of journalism in society. Users have conflicting views on how professional news media perform, oscillating between if the responsibility of news media should be extended to coverage of conflicting issues or to enable citizens to share a common ground imprinted by solidarity. These aspects merge and manifest in news related to issues of xenophobia and solidarity. The changed financial prospects of the news industry coincide with the timing of globalization’s effects on the local scene, where people experience increasing hurdles across the world. The sustainability of journalism—considered crucial for democracy—is currently under substantial pressure. At the same time, living conditions are deteriorating around the world. People need to migrate to other societies that are becoming ever more polarized between xenophobia and solidarity. News covering this process is constructed within a professional value system that—for the sustainability of journalism—needs to be perceived as legitimate.

This study investigates the types of information that users of a local news site share on Facebook. This issue relates to the idea of "churnalism", which concerns a form of weakened journalism that diminishes the ability to perform expected tasks in a democratic society. As a major social media platform, Facebook has acquired substantial influence over news dissemination, and therefore, scholarly focus needs to be directed to users as news disseminators. The manners by which users share news on Facebook indicate whether churnalism is promoted or abated through users’ interaction with online news. In this study, a quantitative content analysis illustrates how 348 news articles published on a local news site were shared 7266 times. The results show that concerns related to churnalism should be directed primarily to the fact that the news outlet only rarely provides users with opportunities to interact with serious or hard news, while lightweight news is frequently offered. Despite this, users abate churnalism in the sense that the news they prefer to share is news from in-house sources rather than from external sources. The news extensively shared covers changes in the vicinity, and health care, and has emerged from local and regional events.

Social plugins for sharing news through Facebook and Twitter have become increasingly salient features on news sites. Together with the user comment feature, social plugins are the most common way for users to contribute. The wide use of multiple features has opened new areas to comprehensively study users’ participatory practices. However, how do these opportunities to participate vary between the participatory spaces that news sites affiliated with local, national broadsheet and tabloid news constitute? How are these opportunities appropriated by users in terms of participatory practices such as commenting and sharing news through Facebook and Twitter? In addition, what differences are there between news sites in these respects? To answer these questions, a quantitative content analysis has been conducted on 3,444 articles from nine Swedish online newspapers. Local newspapers are more likely to allow users to comment on articles than are national newspapers. Tweeting news is appropriated only on news sites affiliated with evening tabloids and national morning newspapers. Sharing news through Facebook is 20 times more common than tweeting news or commenting. The majority of news items do not attract any user interaction.

The development of social media applications, such as blogs, Facebook, and Twitter, has offered new participatory opportunities for everyday media users. This article contributes to research by looking into one specific aspect of the increasingly more participatory media ecology—the news comment feature. Drawing on a quantitative content analysis of 1,100 news pieces, as well as spaces for user comments, the article reveals both how this emerging public space is shaped by the media company and, later, appropriated by their participating users. Our analysis reveals, for instance, that the online newspaper prefers to allow users to comment on lightweight news such as sports and entertainment. The users, however, prefer to post comments on news covering changes in proximity space, politics, and health care, while also clearly ignoring the most available news pieces (sport and entertainment). In the concluding section, the discrepancy in preferences is discussed.