Since 2016, the Swedish school-age educare has had a clarified mission regarding knowledge and teaching, and mathematics has been an explicit part of the education. Drawing on six universal mathematical activities, this study aims to contribute knowledge about the experiences and lessons learned within a project in which school-age educare teachers, in collaboration with researchers, plan, implement, and evaluate mathematical activities. The research process was guided by an action learning model and involved four teachers working at one school and represented four departments. The results indicate that the challenges arising during the processes were threefold: (i) gaining a sufficiently clear understanding of the teachers’ knowledge and experience with mathematical activities to provide optimal support during the planning phase, (ii) striking a balance between the teachers’ own ideas and the level of guidance provided by the researchers in designing a teaching session, and (iii) planning, conducting, and evaluating instruction within an educational context that is defined only by central content, without specific learning objectives for students. Nonetheless, the study demonstrates the potential of school-age educare to offer students subject-based teaching through practical-aesthetic forms of expression and a play-based pedagogical approach, as well as the opportunity to learn and develop in an educational context where their performance is not formally assessed.

Freshwater mussels across Europe exhibit physiological and behavioural adaptations to survive winter conditions. Climate change projections, including more frequent extreme weather events, are expected to intensify pressures on these ecosystems. In this study, we tested the temperature-size hypothesis, which posits that larger body size in ectothermic organisms is an adaptation to colder climates. We predicted that Anodonta anatina populations in northern regions would have larger shells than those in central and southern regions. Additionally, we hypothesised that harsher winters in northern regions require mussels to maintain higher glycogen levels as an energy reserve. We also explored whether shell size varies between lowland and upland populations, following the temperature-size rule, and whether supercooling (SCP) occurs primarily in northern populations as a complementary survival strategy. Northern populations had the highest glycogen levels, reflecting adaptations to colder conditions. SCP was rare (2.5%) and observed predominantly in northern mussels, suggesting limited reliance on freeze avoidance. Instead, it is likely that mussels employ mixed strategies, such as metabolic reduction and burrowing, to withstand winter. These findings link shell size, glycogen levels, and SCP to specific survival strategies, providing new insights into the cold tolerance mechanisms of freshwater mussels and their potential vulnerability to climate change. 

Introduction Students experiencing poor wellbeing in elementary school can suffer lifelong consequences, including low self-esteem or depression. Understanding how to increase student wellbeing through information-based approaches is therefore important. While previous research has explored wellbeing frameworks, this study uniquely investigates the intersection of elementary school wellbeing with Internet of Things (IoT) implementation potential.Method We present the first comprehensive requirements analysis gathered from both staff and students for improving wellbeing in an elementary school in rural Sweden, with the aim of implementing IoT solutions. We collected qualitative data through individual interviews and workshops with 25 staff members and a survey from 464 students. We analyzed the data in an inductively and deductively way, using the Konu and Rimpel & auml;'s wellbeing framework.Results Our novel findings reveal alignment between staff and student perspectives across the framework's categories: having, loving, being and health. One example is the importance of motivation in each learning situation and creating a foundation for good social relations among the students. The requirements related to the health category received the least attention, reflecting less focus on individual student circumstances.Discussion This study contributes new knowledge by detailing wellbeing needs for elementary school and relating them to data-driven innovation, such as IoT, for gathering both objective and subjective information. We also acknowledge that this creates additional demands on current solutions and raises significant privacy concerns in school environments. Future research will incorporate expert IoT knowledge and develop prototype solution based on these identified requirements.

The ecology and co-management of endangered host-parasite associations, particularly between unionid mussels and their host fish, are an important yet underexplored area of research and conservation. Unionid mussels are important ecosystem engineers and are amongst the most globally endangered taxa, reliant on a fish host to complete a generational turnover. Freshwater fish are themselves highly endangered, a noted reason for the decline in unionid populations. The European eel (Anguilla anguilla), one of Europe's most endangered fish, has experienced a 90% population decline in the past half century. Theoretically, eels should make ideal hosts for unionids due to their broad distribution, long upriver migrations, dispersal capabilities within and across catchments, resistance to gill damage and physical proximity to gravid mussels. We tested the function of eels as hosts to the six most widespread European unionid species to assess if there is significant merit in the co-management of these organisms. We demonstrate that eels can host all but one host specialist unionid, suggesting that declines in global eel populations are a likely factor behind the declines of unionid populations. As conservation actions for eels and mussels are broadly similar, and the conservation of one directly affects the conservation of the other, co-managing both could enhance recovery of both. This study further aims to improve unionid conservation, by pairing an uncharismatic mussels with a well-known and charismatic fish.

The literature on pain management for people with dementia in nursing homes places significant emphasis on the limitations dementia imposes on their ability to describe and express their pain. Little is known about how healthcare personnel can support and use the individual resources people with dementia have in pain management. Thus, this study aimed to explore pain management in people with dementia in nursing homes, focusing on the resources people with dementia have and how healthcare personnel can support and integrate these resources into their clinical practice. We applied an exploratory design with a focused ethnographic approach and collected data through participatory observations and field conversations, as well as notes from residents' medical charts. The study setting was a nursing home unit specializing in dementia care in a larger city in Norway. The study included residents with moderate- to severe stage dementia (n = 18) and nurses caring for them (n = 12). The data were analysed in line with qualitative content analysis. The analysis identified two categories: (a) Residents' pain narratives and (b) Nurses' interpretation and support. Within each category, several subcategories were identified. The categories are linked together in one overarching, latent theme describing how people with dementia express themselves in the moment and nurses integrate these moments into a coherent whole. Findings also indicate that people with dementia have individual resources and strengths that are important for pain management. With support from healthcare personnel, they can be active participants in pain management processes, in accordance with their individual abilities.

Teaching genetics courses is dominated by a tradition focusing on Mendelian genetics and the central dogma, which can be described as a selective teaching tradition. This theoretical framework refers to a teaching tradition that gives priority to specific content and teaching strategies based on earlier experiences accepted within the community of teachers. This approach is problematic because Mendelian genetics and the central dogma promote a genetically deterministic understanding, leading students to believe that genes alone determine human characteristics. However, this view is increasingly challenged by the emerging field of epigenetics, which emphasises the role of environmental factors in influencing characteristics. Despite this, epigenetics is not yet included in the genetics curriculum in many countries. This study aimed to investigate whether introducing epigenetics to teachers would encourage them to challenge the selective teaching tradition of Mendelian genetics and the central dogma. To support teachers in integrating epigenetics into teaching genetics courses, we therefore developed a professional development programme covering different aspects of epigenetics and genetics education. Data from group discussions and individual reflections were analysed using thematic analyses, resulting in three key themes: keeping the tradition, mixing and adding to the tradition, and changing the tradition. Most teaching strategies fell into keeping the tradition, showing that, despite the development programme, it seemed difficult for the teachers to diverge from the selective teaching tradition. However, the latter two themes suggest that there could be opportunities for incorporating epigenetics into genetics education. This study discusses these opportunities, suggesting how selective teaching traditions might be challenged. 

Background: In atopic dermatitis (AD), epidermal disease hallmarks are driven by a complex cutaneous inflammatory milieu that varies between patients. How these variable inflammatory signals affect cellular and molecular epidermal AD phenotypes is difficult to study in vivo. Objective: We aimed to unravel which AD-associated cytokines drive specific epidermal disease hallmarks. Methods: We utilized primary and immortalized keratinocyte-derived human epidermal equivalents stimulated with TH2, TH17, and TH22 cytokines. Results: Morphologic, functional, and transcriptomic analyses revealed that TH2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 were the main inducers of a proinflammatory and hyperproliferative epidermis. The presence of IL-17A or IL-22 in the TH2 milieu, and especially TH2 + IL-22, most closely resembled AD hallmarks including spongiosis, more severe keratinocyte differentiation defects, and epidermal barrier dysfunction. Single-cell spatial transcriptomics showed expansion of keratinocytes expressing high levels of proliferation genes and downregulation of differentiation genes in the upper epidermal layers. The transcriptomic comparison to in vivo AD lesional skin indicated that the TH2 + IL-22 AD model demonstrated greatest resemblance and identified AD disease marker genes altered by TH2 + IL-22 such as downregulated ACER1 and AKR1C3. Gene expression levels were restored by combinatory exposure to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligand tapinarof and the Janus kinase inhibitor tofacitinib. This combined therapeutic approach also completely restored epidermal barrier function and improved morphologic disease hallmarks. Conclusion: Our results reveal the important role of IL-22 in the TH2-driven acute AD pathophysiology and highlight the potential of combinatory medicine in targeted treatment of AD. 

Background/purpose. STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, Mathematics) research and embodied design research have explored the role of full-body movement and multimodal actions in mathematical learning. However, the expressive and dynamic aspects of embodied mathematics learning remain underexplored. This paper aims to address this gap by investigating the expressive dimensions of six- to nine-year-olds’ extensions of number sense through full-body performances. Materials/methods. This paper explores two outdoor mathematical activities developed as part of an embodied design study. Using an adapted version of the Laban/Bartenieff movement framework, our descriptive analysis focused on the following expressive themes: (i) pace, (ii) weight, (iii) bodily coordination and spatial interaction, (iv) body shape and improvisation, and (v) the phrasing of these themes and their alignment with number sense. Results. The findings highlight the dynamic and flexible interconnections among these expressive themes of bodily performance, demonstrating varying degrees of correlation with students’ number sense. This dynamic interplay of expressive themes fosters an artistic and creative approach to mathematical experiences, encouraging personal interpretation and deepening student engagement. Conclusion. Theoretically, this paper enriches our understanding of the notion of expressiveness within the embodied perspective of learning. It also underscores the potential of embodied learning designs, offering insights for educators to integrate expressive dimensions of full-body movement into their teaching practices. 

This article examines young people’s reviews of a selection of Norwegian easy-to-read YA fiction books. The purpose of the study is to gain more knowledge about young people as actual readers and critics of easy-to-read literature, but also to gain insight into what makes a literary text easier to read. Our empirical material consists of 129 reviews from the digital archive of Uprisen, a literature prize awarded to the best Norwegian YA novel of the year. We have analysed the reception of three easy-to-read YA novels across different genres. The analysis is grounded in theories of reading processes and multimodality, as well as the field’s own definitions of easy-to-read literature. Our findings show that young readers primarily associate readability with linguistic simplicity and brevity. At the same time, they point to connections between readability and aspects such as content, theme, composition, credibility, and originality, as well as opportunities for immersion and identification. However, there are also statements that reveal a tension between easy-to-read language and more complex themes, content, narrative structures or forms of presentation. Although all three books fall under the category of easy-to-read, they are not unequivocally perceived as such by all reviewers. Both compressed text and multimodal formats appear challenging. The analysis shows that young critics do not share a uniform understanding of what is easy or difficult to read, which underlines that the categorization of readability cannot be regarded as a straightforward or objective category. 

Drawing on 14 in-depth interviews, the current study examines CWS caseworkers’ perceptions of factors that may influence assessments and decisions in CWS investigations involving ethnic minority families. By applying theoretical perspectives for analyzing the occurrence of discriminatory practices and conditions of participation, a further aim was to explore whether assessment and decision variability in CWS involving ethnic minority families may involve discrimination. The Decision-making Ecology (DME) framework incorporating external, organizational, individual decision-maker and case factors, was applied for organizing the range of influences on child welfare assessment and decision-making by conceptualizing decision outcomes as the result of interrelationships between external, organizational, individual decision-maker and case factors. Further, Arnstein’s ladder was applied for analyzing the distribution of power in decision-making processes. The results showed that caseworkers’ assessments were influenced by a number of factors, including their own attitudes and expertise, the socioeconomic situation of client families, organizational culture, local policies and resources, and external factors such as socio-political governance and legal frameworks. Major challenges were identified across these dimensions, highlighting marginalization among client families, biased attitudes and limited expertise among professionals, and lack of commitment and resources at the organizational and systems levels. These challenges curtail client families’ influence over decisions and their overall situation, highlighting the importance of working proactively to empower and engage CWS-involved individuals in their own investigative processes and in decisions that affect them. 

Introduction: The pandemic disrupted daily lives and negatively affected psychological factors such as perceived security, social relations, distancing, stress, and engagement. Yet, empirical insights are still largely lacking of the complex evolving interplay of changing everyday mobilities and physical activities, accessibility perceptions, and mental health outcomes during and after the pandemic. This study explores how travel, physical activity and perceived accessibility affect mental health during the COVID-19 crisis. Method: Drawing on 2020, 2021 and 2022 panel survey data from residents of Greater Oslo, Norway, we (i) develop a theoretical framework on the interplay between travel and behaviour, perceived accessibility and mental health, (ii) we set up measurement instruments to capture key outcomes (Perceived Accessibility Scale, and Mental Health Index), and (iii) test the interplay using panel survey data from before, during, and immediately after the pandemic analysed in Structural Equation Models. Results: Substantial negative pandemic impacts on trip frequencies, public transport shares and accessibility perceptions are observed, the latter with important mediating effects on mental health. Physical activity levels and mental health were initially also negatively affected, but less so than travel and perceived accessibility and they also rebounded back to normal during the study period. Pandemic impacts on travel, perceived accessibility and mental health turned out to be uneven, with for instance stronger impacts for women than for men. Conclusions: The findings highlight the central role of perceived accessibility as a mediating factor between travel behaviour and mental health, underscoring its importance in transport policy and planning. The unequal impacts of the pandemic across socio-demographic groups, especially for women, demonstrate the need for more inclusive and resilient mobility systems. Moreover, the study illustrates the value of using subjective, longitudinal measures to understand how mobility and well-being are interlinked over time, particularly in response to societal disruptions like the pandemic. 

Introduction People's self-narratives-how they relate to themselves and others-are closely intertwined with psychological suffering and wellbeing. This study investigates a perspective-taking intervention rooted in Relational Frame Theory (RFT), where participants observe themselves from an outside perspective in Virtual Reality (VR).Methods Three participants watched 3D-filmed versions of themselves through a VR headset while reflecting on perspective-taking questions. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, and the transcripts were analyzed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA).Results The intervention helped participants become more aware of their self-relating. They recognized how they internalized perceived judgments from others and how they adjusted their behavior accordingly. Self-critical tendencies and the double standards they applied to themselves vs. others became more apparent, often evoking self-compassion. The intervention also revealed discrepancies between participants' internal and external views-that is, how they perceived themselves from the inside vs. the outside.Discussion These findings highlight the promising therapeutic potential of this intervention, both for assessing and influencing self-relating.

Providing a feeling of home and an authentic experience are considered important aspects of home-sharing services that have grown in popularity in recent years. The article is based on a qualitative study exploring how renters perceive and experience "home" and "feeling at home" within the context of short-term accommodation. Contrary to the literature pointing to the importance of an "authentic," "homely" feel, the findings show that Airbnb guests' homemaking practices are aimed at establishing a sense of distance. Guests "volitionally" dismiss a sense of home by avoiding typical everyday routines associated with their everyday life at home, thus contributing to Airbnb's distinctive "home-like" setting, where a feeling of welcome is combined with a sense of detachment and estrangement. The article advances research that emphasizes complex modes of dwelling where the homely and unhomely elements are simultaneously present.

The purpose of this scoping review is to gain insight into the empirical research conducted regarding young children's resistance and opposition to teacher norms and rules in the pedagogical context of early childhood education and care. A total of 52 publications in English, Danish, Swedish and Norwegian published between 1989 and 2023 was analysed. The studies used a variety of data collection methods and were conducted in 13 countries. They were published in 29 academic journals as well as in books and doctoral theses. A qualitative content analysis of the publications investigated the children's strategies/tactics of resistance, dividing them into the categories of open and hidden resistance. The results indicate that the publications, to a large degree, focus on open and visible forms of resistance, identifying a gap in the research regarding more discreet and silent types of resistance. The analysis also showed the potential for widening theoretical approaches and drawing inspiration from the field of resistance studies.

More knowledge about how to best combine and facilitate dual career pathways is needed, as current research is unclear. Therefore, the current study aims to retrospectively gain a deeper understanding of how former Swedish world-class athlete's experienced differentiated pathways in the upper secondary school period, both for those in dual-career support-international-level (DCS-IL) programs and in mainstream upper secondary school (MSSs). Ten former world-class Swedish athletes were purposively chosen for interviews, of whom five had taken part in a DCS-IL program and five had attended MSSs. The dual career development environment working model created by Henriksen et al. was used as the theoretical framework. Four main themes were generated: beliefs, values and motivations driving the choice of dual careers pathway; important key stakeholders in dual careers; a lack of balance in dual career pursuit; and dual careers and quality of life. Our findings showed that the advantage of studying in a DCS-IL program is that it offers access to coaches, sports peers, and training facilities within the sports domain, which in some sports is crucial for athletic development. The benefit of attending MSSs is that students engage in social contexts outside the sports domain, which can be advantageous in cases of athletic stagnation. It is important to note that DCS-IL programs can have a skewed focus on sports performance, which can inhibit academic development in favor of sporting success. Engaging with multiple social contexts can be advantageous in coping with various challenges in both study and sporting contexts.

This study presents an innovative framework to improve the accessibility and usability of collaborative robot programming. Building on previous research that evaluated the feasibility of using a domain-specific language based on behaviour-driven development, this paper addresses the limitations of earlier work by integrating additional features like a drag-and-drop Blockly web interface. The system enables end users to define and execute robot actions with minimal technical knowledge, making it more adaptable and intuitive. Additionally, a gesture-recognition module facilitates multimodal interaction, allowing users to control robots through natural gestures. The system was evaluated through a user study involving participants with varying levels of professional experience and little to no programming background. Results indicate significant improvements in user satisfaction, with the system usability scale overall score increasing from 7.50 to 8.67 out of a maximum of 10 and integration ratings rising from 4.42 to 4.58 out of 5. Participants completed tasks using a manageable number of blocks (5 to 8) and reported low frustration levels (mean: 8.75 out of 100) alongside moderate mental demand (mean: 38.33 out of 100). These findings demonstrate the tool's effectiveness in reducing cognitive load, enhancing user engagement and supporting intuitive, efficient programming of collaborative robots for industrial applications.

PurposeThis study aims to examine the factors that influence citizens intention to continue using e-government services in Pakistan.Design/methodology/approachData were collected through an online survey of 641 Pakistani citizens. The responses were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling.FindingsThis study shows that disposition to trust positively correlates with both trust in the internet and trust in government. Notably, citizens' satisfaction, perceived usefulness, confirmation of expectations and perceived risk significantly influence their intention to continue using e-government services. Trust in the internet emerged as a significant predictor of continuance intention, while trust in government did not show a significant direct effect.Practical implicationsThe findings provide valuable insights for policymakers and practitioners working on e-government initiatives in developing countries. The study emphasizes the importance of building trust, enhancing user satisfaction and addressing perceived risks to encourage sustained use of e-government services. Recommendations include improving digital literacy, enhancing data security measures and developing user-centric e-government platforms.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the existing literature by focusing on the unique context of Pakistan, a developing country with specific socio-cultural and technological challenges. By integrating the Expectation-Confirmation Model with trust factors, the research offers a comprehensive framework for understanding e-government service continuance in developing nations. This study's empirical findings, based on a substantial sample size and rigorous analysis, provide actionable insights for policymakers and practitioners in Pakistan and similar contexts.

Elektricitet är en förutsättning för ett välfungerande samhälle och elektriska produkter har en väsentlig roll i flera delar av våra liv såsom arbete, fritid, transporter och produktion. Elektricitet kan dock under vissa omständigheter orsaka skada på person såväl som egendom. Elsäkerhetsverkets mål är ”att förebygga skador orsakade av elektricitet på person och egendom samt störningar på radiokommunikation och näringsverksamhet”.

Denna rapport har beställts av Elsäkerhetsverket och framställs av Centrumför forskning om samhällsrisker vid Karlstads universitet. Syftet är att ge ökad kunskap om elolyckor över tid avseende olyckor med dödlig utgångsamt olyckor som genererar besök inom sjukvården fördelat på kön och åldersgrupper. Rapporten presenterar data från de senaste fyra decennierna samt de senaste 12 åren. Två tidsperioder, 2012–2017 samt 2018–2023, belyses för att undersöka trender för dessa perioder.

This thesis explores how services shape human capabilities and well-being by integrating the Choice Framework (Kleine, 2013) into Transformative Service Research (TSR). While TSR promotes the capability approach as a means to assess how services influence well-being, it often lacks practical analytical tools. To address this gap, this thesis adopts and adapts the Choice Framework as a structured method for analyzing how services influence individual agency and structural conditions, ultimately enabling or constraining people’s capabilities. Drawing on two empirical studies - one focusing on hedonic well-being in the digital transformation of the Swedish music market (hedonic well-being) and the other on eudaimonic well-being through free educational services for marginalized children in Pakistan (eudaimonic well-being) - this research demonstrates how service characteristics interact with contextual conditions to influence varying degrees of empowerment. The thesis employs a qualitative research design, using semi-structured interviews in both studies, complemented by ethnographic observations in the second. The findings contribute to both theory and practice by offering a capability-oriented analytical framework for TSR and providing nuanced insights into how service characteristics such as accessibility, affordability, flexibility, and mentorship influence well-being. In doing so, the thesis proposes a rigorous yet adaptable model for evaluating how services operate as mechanisms for transformative value, offering guidance for both scholars and practitioners in designing inclusive and empowering services.

This study presents an analysis of children’s perspectives on teacher (non)participation in Swedish school-age educare centers, which portray teachers as facilitators of freedom, integrity, and sociability. Group interviews with 51 children, age 6–9 years old, were conducted and analyzed. The results challenge adult assumptions about children’s needs and preferences, highlighting the importance of balancing self-determination with guidance. Children desire both freedom and support from teachers, emphasizing the importance of teacher presence when needed while allowing space for independent decision-making. Teacher participation is crucial for children’s social development and safety, contributing to their sense of meaningful leisure and personal growth. 

Oligonucleotides (ONs) play a vital role in diagnostics and therapeutics, with ion-pair reversed-phase liquid chromatography (IP-RPLC) being a key method for their purification. This study presents a numerical approach to optimize ON purification using both single-objective (productivity) and multi-objective (productivity and yield) optimization. A transport–dispersive column model incorporating a gradient-modified Langmuir kinetic adsorption–desorption isotherm was employed to describe the separation dynamics. The model was validated against experimental elution profiles of a 20-mer ON and its six most abundant shortmer impurities, and then used to optimize injection volume and gradient slope under varying purity constraints. A hybrid optimization strategy combining simulated annealing (stochastic) with the simplex algorithm (deterministic) was applied. The results showed that productivity was maximized at the highest injection volume, while higher purity constraints required shallower gradient slopes. Multi-objective optimization yielded Pareto fronts with unexpected shapes, including inflection points or local minima. We hypothesize that slow adsorption–desorption kinetics limited the model’s ability to accurately describe separations across a broad range of gradient slopes. To test this, two new models were calibrated using only shallow or steep gradient data. The resulting Pareto fronts displayed no inflection points or local minima, supporting our hypothesis. 

In this work, we present a novel stationary Gierer-Meinhardt system incorporating non-local proliferation rates, defined as follows: [Formula presented] This system emerges in various contexts, such as biological morphogenesis, where two interacting chemicals, identified as an activator and an inhibitor, are described, and in ecological systems modeling the interaction between two species, classified as specialists and generalists. The non-local interspecies interactions are represented by the terms J⁎up,J⁎um where the ⁎-symbol denotes the convolution operation in RN with a kernel J∈C1(RN∖0). In the system, we assume that 0<ρ∈C0,γ(RN) with γ∈(0,1), while the parameters satisfy λ,μ,q,m,s>0 and p>1. Under various integrability conditions on the kernel J, we establish the existence and non-existence of classical positive solutions in the function space Cloc2,δ(RN). These results further highlight the influence of the non-local terms, particularly the proliferation rates, in the proposed model. 

Objectives: Insomnia is the most common sleep disorder in adults. About 10% of adults meet the diagnostic criteria, and about 30% suffer from subclinical symptoms. Seeking advice online is common when having health issues. There are no previous studies on Swedish Internet forums regarding types of advice and the logic behind the recommendations given for how to handle troubled sleep. The purpose of the study was to examine which treatment methods for insomnia symptoms were recommended by forum users on the Swedish Internet forum Flashback. Methods: A thematic analysis was conducted on 1174 posts. Results: The analysis resulted in four themes: (1) Advice on healthcare, (2) Bedtime and sleep environment strategies, (3) Implement long-term lifestyle changes, and (4) Advice on nonprescribed, legal, or illegal drugs. Notably, a large portion of the recommendations provided emphasized the utilization of pharmacological interventions, including prescription drugs, over-the-counter medications, supplements, illegal substances, or combinations of these. This despite the fact that many advice givers attributed insomnia to psychological causes such as stress. Conclusions: Insight into recommendations given on Internet forums is important for healthcare personnel; advice might shape patients’ sleep habits as well as expectations on insomnia treatments.

This study investigates the impact of perceived organizational support (POS) on employees’ intentions to continue using business analytics (BA) tools. By integrating Organizational Support Theory (OST) and technology adoption models, the research highlights the critical roles of technical and top management support in influencing perceived compatibility and usefulness, which drive BA continuance intentions. Data were collected between August and October 2021 from employees across various industries in Ireland, Finland, and Sweden who used BA tools in their work. Using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to analyze data, the findings reveal significant relationships between the organizational support types and continuance intentions, with technical support being particularly crucial for long-term use. This study extends OST by emphasizing the importance of technical support and confirms the relevance of perceived compatibility and usefulness in technology continuance. 

Introduction Mental preparation ahead of the Olympic Games (OGs) has been an area of interest for sports psychology researchers over several decades. However, there are few studies based on athlete perspectives of their experiences coping with pressure at this competition level. The COVID-19 pandemic also placed athletes in a demanding situation as they had to deal with the suspension of sport activity, isolation, and general uncertainty-culminating in the first postponement of the OGs in peacetime. Athletes had to balance coping with everyday life in a pandemic with navigating training in ever-changing conditions, indicating it was particularly valuable to investigate mental preparations ahead of the Tokyo OGs.Objective The current study aimed to explore how Norwegian handball players of various experience levels mentally prepared for the Tokyo OGs and how they experienced their preparations during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods Retrospective semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven handball players (four women, three men) who participated in the Tokyo OGs. A reflexive thematic analysis was completed to examine the findings.Results The findings are described in two overarching themes: (1) failing to plan is planning to fail, and (2) balancing life and sports in a pandemic. Extensive preparations were done on an individual and team level. These incorporated mental, tactical, physical, and practical elements. Individual efforts varied and there were indications of certain team differences. The pandemic made the players' everyday lives unpredictable, which was mentally exhausting for some. They coped with the uncertainties in different ways, though this often entailed focusing on the positive aspects. Overall, the players' respective contexts affected their perceptions of the pandemic and the postponement of the OGs, and their appraisals of various stressors and subsequent coping strategies.Conclusion The indications of team differences and variations in individual preparations imply that there was no "correct" way to prepare-all roads led to Tokyo. Experience was beneficial in several ways, including coping with the Olympic environment. Some found coping with the effects of the pandemic mentally exhausting, thus potentially affecting preparations. Still, the players got to practice dealing with unexpected events, which could aid future coping efforts.

Sonic black holes (SBHs) are waveguides intended to slow down the wave propagation speed and focus the energy towards the end of the device. However, the extent to which these effects occur, as well as the degree of wave dispersion introduced, has not been systematically quantified. This article investigates these aspects through transient finite-element computations, analyzing the properties of a novel, numerically optimized SBH with enhanced wave-focusing capabilities. The investigation utilizes the lossless acoustic wave equation as well as a linearized compressible flow formulation to account for viscothermal losses. We analyze the wave focusing and filtering properties of the SBH by monitoring the pressure amplitude and the transmission and reflection coefficients. Moreover, we examine the effective wave propagation speed along the centerline of SBH and assess the similarity of pressure wave packets using cross-correlations. Our results reveal that the optimized SBH not only enhances wave focusing but also on average effectively slows down wave propagation, demonstrating the device's potential as a true sonic black hole. By investigating two crucial aspects - wave-slowing effect and signal dispersion - that were not previously explored, we provide a deeper understanding of the device's functionality and operational mechanisms, including how its design influences wave-focusing performance and local wave speed.

This paper is positioned at the intersection of servitization and product innovation, addressing an important research gap regarding the key adjustments required in service offerings when introducing product innovations. We focus on electric vehicles as an eco-friendly product innovation often associated with high technological turbulence. Through a single case study of a truck manufacturer and eight confirmatory cases of other commercial vehicle manufacturers, this study examines how these companies adjusted their service offerings (e.g., financial services, parts and repair services, fleet management services, and connectivity services) in response to the launch of new product innovations. When introducing product innovations, these manufacturers adjust the scope and sophistication of their service offerings-for instance, by advancing financial services, parts and repair services, fleet management services, connectivity services, and by adding charging infrastructure services. Meanwhile, services for existing products also evolve in terms of scope and sophistication (e.g., adding product life extension and fuel optimization services). Surprisingly, these adjustments mostly occur within existing organizational structures. At the same time, they contribute to a potential increase in the share of service revenue, reflecting the growing share of electric vehicles in commercial vehicle sales. These insights offer important theoretical and managerial implications for integrating servitization with product innovation.

We provide conditions under which we prove for measure-valued transport equations with non-linear reaction term in the space of finite signed Radon measures, that positivity is preserved, as well as absolute continuity with respect to Lebesgue measure, if the initial condition has that property. Moreover, if the initial condition has Lp regular density, then the solution has the same property.

It is well understood that spanwise arrays of roughness elements can be used to generate steady streaks in boundary layers. This modulation of the boundary layer has the potential to attenuate the growth of Tollmien-Schlichting (TS) waves which can lead to the transition to turbulence in low turbulence intensity environments, such as those experienced by an aircraft's fuselage in atmospheric flight. This article applies density based topology optimization in order to design roughness elements capable of exploiting the aforementioned stabilizing effect as a means of passive flow control. The geometry of the roughness elements are represented using a Brinkman penalization when conducting Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS) to simulate the streaky boundary layer flow. Similarly, the unsteady linearized Navier-Stokes equations are evolved to assess the spatial growth of the TS waves across the flat plate. The optimization procedure aims to minimize the TS wave amplitude at a given downstream position while a novel constraint is used promoting a stable baseflow. The optimization problem is solved with gradient descent algorithms where the adjoint-variable method is used to compute gradients. This method has been applied to three initial material distributions yielding three distinct and novel designs capable of damping the downstream growth of the TS wave significantly more than a reference Minature Vortex Generator (MVG) of comparable size. The optimized designs and streaky baseflows they induce are then studied using an energy budget analysis and local stability analysis.

While research on the platform economy is thriving, platform companies operating in the public sphere remain understudied. The present article contributes to narrow this research gap, by analysing the emergence of healthcare platform companies (HPCs, hereafter) in the Swedish public healthcare sector. HPCs provide app-based consultations, matching healthcare professionals with patients. These are relatively new private for-profit actors that are restructuring the geography of the Swedish public primary care. The paper deploys the notion of (dis-)embeddedness to analyse HPCs' expansion strategies, foregrounding two interrelated aspects. First, how HPCs territorially (dis-)embed in/from Regions to maximize reimbursement from public finances, using a parallel system of primary care financing by providing app-based consultations at the national scale. Second, how HPCs simultaneously embed in transnational networks of speculative capital, raising investments to offset losses and fund further expansion. Drawing on critical platform and digital data studies, this article examines how the speculative valorization of data, extracted via app-based service provision and central to valuation processes of platform companies, can account for HPCs' rapid expansion despite sustained losses. HPCs' data extraction practices push the frontier of commodification in the public primary care beyond the provision of services, while their expansion strategies further financialization.

Background Older adults are underrepresented in suicide prevention research, even though suicide rates are higher in this age group (65+) than in any other age group in many countries worldwide. There are few clinical intervention studies that target this age group. A promising preventive intervention is the Attempted Suicide Short Intervention Program (ASSIP). Given differences in suicidal behaviour between older and younger adults, there is a need for suicide prevention intervention models that are adaptable to the heterogenic needs of older adults. This study protocol outlines the design of our upcoming study, which aims to evaluate a modified version of the Attempted Suicide Short Intervention Program (ASSIP) specifically adapted for older adults (65+), ASSIP for Older Adults (ASSIP-OA), as add-on to Treatment as Usual (TAU) and compared to TAU only. Methods A multicentre two-group parallel randomised controlled trial will be conducted to compare TAU to ASSIP-OA (3-5 sessions) and standardized letters for 2 years as an add-on to treatment as usual. The trial, which is open labelled, will recruit 132 participants (65+) within psychiatric services in Sweden after a suicide attempt or hospitalisation for serious suicidal plans. The main modifications in comparison with the original ASSIP include (a) flexibility in treatment delivery (offering home visits, breaks and shorter/longer sessions as needed), (b) an additional session together with relatives or other support person(s), and (c) age-specific linguistic and content-wise adaptation of homework, letters, and case conceptualization. The primary outcome is a suicidal episode (fatal or non-fatal). Secondary outcomes include psychiatric symptoms, severity of suicidal ideation, coping style and quality of life. The trial also includes measures of feasibility, health-care utilization and negative effects of treatment. Discussion This study has the potential to inform the development and implementation of a more person-centred care for suicidal older adults. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT06831942. Registered February 21, 2025, revised May 21, 2025.

BackgroundThe out-of-plane shear behavior of paperboards plays a critical role in converting processes such as creasing and folding. The recently proposed Split Double Cantilever Beam (SDCB) specimen has been used to characterize this behavior using a cohesive zone model, but its large size poses handling challenges.ObjectiveThis study aims to optimize the SDCB specimen configuration to improve manageability while maintaining the quality of experimental measurements.MethodsA design of experiments (DOE) approach and finite element analysis incorporating a mixed-mode interface model were used to analyze the influence of key specimen parameters. Shear reaction force and rotation relative to shear deformation were assessed to guide the optimization.ResultsA redesigned SDCB specimen was identified, achieving a 40% reduction in size and weight (retaining 60% of the original dimensions) without compromising the experimental quality. The optimized configuration maintained comparable measurement accuracy to the original design.ConclusionsThe proposed SDCB specimen redesign offers a more manageable experimental setup, enhancing usability in experimental studies while preserving the reliability of shear behavior characterization.

Light pollution poses significant ecological challenges for nocturnal animals reliant on natural light for migration, orientation, and circadian rhythms. The physiological effects of abrupt exposure to artificial light at night (ALAN) on migratory fish, such as the light experienced passing near illuminated infrastructures, remain poorly understood. This study investigates the physiological responses of brown trout (Salmo trutta) smolts to lowintensity (0.02 lx) and short-term (30 s) ALAN, simulating nocturnal migration light conditions near illuminated bridges. To evaluate the influence of social dynamics, trout were tested individually (solitary) or in groups of six. Using continuous cardiac monitoring with data storage tags, alongside analyses of oxidative stress markers and adenylate kinase (AK) activity in the heart, we identified distinct patterns of physiological responses. Solitary fish exhibited significant heart rate variability (HRV) increases following repeated ALAN exposure, suggesting impaired physiological regulation under repeated ALAN exposure. In contrast, trout in groups displayed consistently lower HRV over the entire 90-min experiment, implying that social dynamics likely influenced a sustained oxidative stress response, corroborated by increased AK activity. Oxidative stress markers further reflected social effects, with significant upregulation of key antioxidant enzymes (sod1, sod2, gpx1, gpx4) and elevated lipid peroxidation, identifying lipids as primary oxidative targets. The observed divergence between superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and sod gene expression suggests adaptive post-transcriptional regulation to maintain redox balance under combined environmental and social stress. These findings reveal that social dynamics under ALAN can amplify physiological stress, potentially affecting migratory outcomes.

Aqueous-processable materials are desired to produce and commercialize eco-friendly organic solar cells. Despite the achievement of developing aqueous soluble electron donor and acceptor polymers by incorporating polar side chains (SCs), the efficiency of the greenest devices is lower than that of state-of-the-art technology processed on halogenated solvents. To investigate the impact of different substituents on structural and optical properties in solution, we considered the backbone of the PTQ10 polymer with alkyl and alkoxy SCs. We simulated oligomer chains at low and high concentration conditions via classical molecular dynamics simulations, considering both a water/ethanol mixture and chloroform as solvents. Combining an unsupervised machine learning technique and density functional theory calculations, we validated the system size for quantum calculations and investigated the impact of SCs on the excited states. Then, following the sequential QM/MM approach, we determined the absorption spectra of each polymer. From the simulations at high concentrations, we observed the stacking of different oligomers, suggesting that polymer chains already showed aggregation in solution. This is consistent with our experimental findings, as we measured a red shift of the PTQ(8bO2) spectrum when changing from a chloroform mixture to an aqueous mixture. Finally, we investigated idealized dimer interface models, whose presence of electron-donating and electron-accepting groups results in mixed signatures in the absorption spectra, widening our understanding of polymer aggregation.

This study investigates and compares knowledge types in national curricula embedded in the curriculum tradition (England) and the didactic tradition (Finland and Sweden). In the study, we develop and operationalize a theoretical framework based on educational purposes (academic, citizenship and humanistic purposes) and knowledge categories (substantive, disciplinary, sociocultural applications, pedagogical considerations and student-psychological considerations). The framework is thus embedded in a didactical perspective on powerful knowledge and is used as an analytical lens in a quantitative content analysis, and a consecutive qualitative analysis providing 'thick' descriptions of the biology curricula for each country providing a contextual interpretation of the results. From the analysis, we can conclude that the curricula are different and identify different aspects of knowledge. The English curriculum mainly identifies the products and processes of biology to teach. The Finnish curriculum has a holistic approach connecting the products and processes of biology, with the teaching and learning process and how students should apply the knowledge in society. The Swedish curriculum could be described as a hybrid of the English and Finnish ones focusing on the products and processes of biology and how this knowledge can be applied in society. Implications for teaching and learning are discussed.

This study explores the impact of Large Language Models (LLMs) on external audits and their associated ethical implications. A small-scale survey was conducted with auditors from non-Big Four firms to assess their general perceptions of LLMs, followed by a qualitative evaluation of external LLMs in audit-specific tasks. In the latter, ChatGPT's responses to audit-related scenarios were assessed by experienced audit partners, who rated and commented on the outputs without knowing their source. The findings indicate that while LLMs efficiently perform routine and mundane tasks such as generating human-like responses and preparing basic audit working papers and reports, external LLMs struggle to produce comprehensive, audit-specific reports. Non-Big Four auditors recognise LLMs' time-saving potential and relevance in audit planning; however , concerns persist regarding the comprehensiveness and contextual relevance of external LLM-generated risk assessments and interpretations of auditing standards. Moreover, limitations inherent in external LLMs, such as outdated information and hallucinations, necessitate auditor oversight. Ethical concerns identified include threats to auditor objectivity, confidentiality, privacy , accountability, and intellectual property rights. The study reinforces that while LLMs can enhance audit efficiency, they should complement rather than replace auditors. Their successful integration in external audits requires prompt engineering, regulatory guidance, and auditor oversight. These findings contribute to the growing research on LLMs in auditing and provide insights for audit firms considering their adoption.

Film formation from solvent evaporation in polymer ternary solutions is relevant for several technological applications, such as the fabrication of organic solar cells. The performance of the final device will strongly depend on the internal morphology of the obtained film, which, in turn, is affected by the processing conditions. We are interested in modeling morphology formation in 3D for ternary mixtures using both a lattice model and its continuous counterpart in the absence of evaporation. In our previous works, we found that, in 2D, both models predict the existence of two distinct regimes: (i) a low-solvent regime, characterized by two interpenetrated domains of the two polymers, and (ii) a high-solvent regime, where isolated polymer domains are dispersed in the solvent background. In the significantly more intriguing 3D case, we observe a comparable scenario both for the discrete and the continuous model. The lattice model reveals its ability to describe morphology formation even in the high solvent content 3D case, in which the three-dimensional nature of space could have prevented cluster formation. To realize the simulations we have written specific codes using the languages C and julia. The codes closely follows the algorithmic dynamics governing the lattice and the continuum model.