The teaching of photosynthesis in secondary schools often follows a mechanistic, decontextualized approach that lacks integration with the broader implications of this biochemical process on societal and sustainability issues. Contemporary science education frequently overlooks the significance of photosynthesis for life on Earth and human society. This study aims to identify a Photosynthesis Literacy Framework—a research-based curricular framework designed to promote a more relevant and engaging photosynthesis education that fosters scientific literacy. A Delphi study was conducted to determine pertinent content themes concerning photosynthesis and its essential role in life and human society. A panel of 29 experts, including 12 science educators, nine green scientists, and eight sustainability scientists, reached consensus after three iterative rounds. The study identified four overarching themes, comprising 25 content categories with aligned learning objectives, connected to the three visions of scientific literacy. These themes are: Photosynthesis as a natural science phenomenon; Photosynthesis as a driving force in biological and geological processes and cycles; Photosynthesis and its importance to sustainability; and Photosynthesis from a societal perspective. We propose that the Photosynthesis Literacy Framework be implemented in secondary science education to promote photosynthesis literacy, which plays a vital role in developing informed and responsible citizenship. 

Sport schools enhance adolescents’ athletic development by offering extra training opportunities in addition to sport club training, but a rapid increase in the training load may elevate the risk of sport burnout. Thus, the aim of this study was twofold: (1) to explore the trajectories of three sport burnout dimensions (exhaustion, cynicism and inadequacy) among Finnish student-athletes (n = 268; 44 % female, 56 % male) across three academic years in lower secondary sport schools (ages 13–15 years), and to (2) examine how these trajectories were associated with student-athletes' perceived social support from parents, peers and coaches, as well as their gender, sport type and competition level. Student-athletes completed associated questionnaires at three time points at the end of three academic years—Grades 7, 8, and 9. Linear latent growth models revealed that feelings of inadequacy and cynicism increased during lower secondary school across the sample. At baseline, female student-athletes reported higher levels of inadequacy and cynicism, whereas males showed higher levels of exhaustion. Social support from peers and coaches reduced the initial levels and progression of burnout over time, respectively. Although paternal support initially minimized inadequacy, continued support subsequently tended to increase inadequacy. The findings highlight the importance of examining the three dimensions as interconnected aspects of sport burnout, and to support student-athletes in addressing emerging feelings of inadequacy and cynicism before these symptoms intensify. Educating coaches and strengthening peer support would be particularly beneficial while helping mothers to take a more active role in sports and fathers to provide support without becoming overly involved. 

Lignin (L)-stabilized emulsions have gained interest as sustainable systems. Despite their advantages, the interaction of lignin derivatives with oil and water in emulsion systems remains unclear. In this work, we verified a hypothesis that different modification strategies would generate lignin derivatives with different emulsifying performances, even if lignin is anionically charged to a similar degree. To verify this hypothesis, we generated sulfoethylated lignin (SL) and carboxyethylated lignin (CL) softwood kraft lignin (L) as functional emulsifiers for soybean water emulsion systems. It was observed that lignin derivatives with a more negative zeta potential (ζ-potential) and smaller oil particles resulted in more stable emulsions at alkaline pH due to enhanced electrostatic repulsion. Due to well-dispersed oil droplets and a strong electrostatic system, the viscosity of emulsions was lower at alkaline conditions. It was also noted that SL and CL generated Pickering emulsions via depositing on oil droplets and developing steric hindrance with oil droplet sizes of 436 and 452 nm at acidic pH. However, such systems had shorter lifespans under acidic environments, indirectly implying that steric hindrance was insufficient to generate emulsions with long-term stability. These findings verified the involvement of different mechanisms for stabilizing oil emulsions at various pH levels. 

This research demonstrates the impact of unconditional business-to-consumer (B2C) gifts. It contributes to the literature by examining how an unconditional gift at the beginning of a shopping experience can influence both loyalty and transactional spending. The findings show that an unconditional gift creates feelings of gratitude, driving loyalty and transactional spending. At the same time, receiving such a gift can lead to a sense of obligation, prompting increased transactional spending to alleviate this feeling. To address the identified gaps in research on B2C gift giving and provide managers a clear path to successfully launch an unconditional gift-giving program, we conduct two firm-partnered field experiments, tracking the behaviors of customers after receipt of an unconditional gift. We then conduct five experimental studies to validate the theoretical process and examine three managerially relevant contingencies: value of the gift, new versus existing customers, and a promotional reward versus an unconditional gift. We find that even unconditional gifts with little monetary value provide benefits for a firm and the effects are robust across new and existing customers. Furthermore, we find that unconditional gifts create greater feelings of obligation than promotional rewards. Managers can use our findings to design unconditional gift-giving programs regarding when, what, and how unconditional gifts should be given to have the largest impact on customers. 

Integrating air transport with alternative modes of transport holds great promise for substituting short-distance flights in regions like Europe, provided that the benefits of existing transport networks are preserved. Effective multimodal integration requires collaboration among transport operators and hubs to enhance the passenger experience. This study explored the perspectives of these practitioners across Europe through an interview-based case study, identifying key factors for a passenger-oriented multimodal air journey and examining the mechanisms that influence their delivery. The findings reveal five Passenger Experience Factors (PEFs) that contribute to a successful passenger-oriented multimodal air journey: 1) integration of booking systems; 2) whole journey guidance; 3) transfer time and ease; 4) baggage management; and 5) disruption management. We found that delivering these PEFs necessitates support processes within and between organizations to align, including IT, infrastructure, scheduling, operations, commercial, interorganizational, and strategic efforts. Additionally, external conditions – such as market dynamics and regulatory frameworks – play a pivotal role in either enabling or constraining these efforts. We discovered that these underlying support processes converge in delivery mechanisms that influence the provision of PEFs for multimodal air travel. The findings emphasize that while airlines often lead in shaping the multimodal experience, progress is hindered by fragmented responsibilities, misaligned incentives among operators, and market competition. It is crucial to recognize that delivering passenger-oriented multimodal journeys requires effective cross-system collaboration, and that a regulatory framework must be established to create conditions for more sustainable transportation integration. 

Background Fundamental care—encompassing relational, psychosocial, and physical needs as outlined in the Fundamentals of Care Framework—is a multifaceted yet essential component of nurses’ scope of practice. Despite its significance, fundamental care remains underrepresented in research within home-based care. Consequently, limited knowledge exists regarding how nurses address older people's fundamental care needs, the practical applicability of the Framework, and the influence of contextual modulators. Aim To explore nurses’ scope of practice, fundamental care, and contextual modulators in relation to older people with complex health care needs in home-based care. Design Exploratory design. Setting Four home-care sites in Western Sweden. Methods Structured direct observations were conducted using a protocol informed by the Fundamentals of Care Framework and concepts relevant to nurses’ scope of practice. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and contextualised by qualitative field notes. Result A total of 3042 care activities were recorded across 230 observations involving 46 nurses (registered and non-registered). On average, participants performed 13.23 activities per observation, often addressing multiple dimensions of the Fundamentals of Care Framework. Physical needs typically served as the entry point for care, which frequently expanded to include relational and psychosocial aspects. Registered nurses’ involvement in clinical decision-making—structured around the five phases of the nursing process—was primarily concentrated on assessment and implementation. Non-registered nurses also engaged in decision-making and independently initiated activities. Nurses’ scope of practice appeared to be related to several contextual modulators, including interruptions and a lack of supportive work environments. Conclusion and implications We are among the first to explore nurses’ scope of practice in home-based care using the Fundamentals of Care Framework as a conceptual foundation. We have underscored the complexity and multifaceted nature of nurses’ scope of practice, including clinical decision-making, the activities’ functional and performance levels, and the presence of contextual modulators. Task-shifting from registered nurses to non-registered nurses was evident in clinical decision-making. We suggest that future Models of Care grounded in the Framework and tailored to the specific contextual conditions of home-based care may support nurses in delivering high-quality fundamental care.

Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) are nucleic acid molecules with transformative therapeutic potential, especially for diseases that are untreatable by traditional drugs. However, the production and purification of ASOs remain challenging due to the presence of unwanted impurities. One tool successfully used to separate an ASO compound from the impurities is ion pair liquid chromatography (IPC). It is a critical step in separation, where each compound is identified by its retention time (tR) in the IPC. Due to the complex sequence-dependent behavior of ASOs and variability in chromatographic conditions, the accurate prediction of tR is a difficult task. This study addresses this challenge by applying machine learning (ML) to predict tR based on the sequence characteristics of ASOs. Four ML models—Gradient Boosting, Random Forest, Decision Tree, and Support Vector Regression — were evaluated on three large ASOs datasets with different gradient times. Through feature engineering and grid search optimization, key predictors were identified and compared for model accuracy using root mean square error, coefficient of determination R-squared, and run time. The results showed that Gradient Boost performance competes with the Support Vector Machine in two of the three datasets, but is 3.94 times faster to tune. Additionally, newly proposed features representing the sulfur count and the nucleotides residing at the first and last positions of a sequence found to improve the predictive power of the models. This study demonstrates the advantages of ML-based tR prediction at scale and provides insights into interpretable and efficient utilization of ML in chromatographic applications.

Sport plays a significant role in promoting sustainable development at both local and global levels. However, many sports struggle to meet sustainability demands. To foster change and make sport more sustainable, it is essential to understand the factors that promote or hinder sustainability within specific activities. This study aims to explore how different stakeholders in Norwegian equestrian sports perceive and interpret sustainable development. The discussion is informed by the three dimensions of sustainability—social, ecological, and economic. The study is based on qualitative data collected through eighteen in—depth interviews with representatives from ten riding schools in Norway. Additionally, observations were conducted at three riding schools, and steering documents from the Norwegian Equestrian Federation were analyzed. Institutional theory provided the analytical framework for interpreting how established practices and norms influence sustainability efforts. Findings indicate that the social dimension of sustainable development is strongly emphasized in steering documents, interviews, and everyday practices at Norwegian riding schools. Elements of the economic and ecological dimensions are present but less prominent. Notably, ecological sustainability is not prioritized in the sector's agenda. The results suggest that the resilience of social structures and the pursuit of legitimacy within the equestrian sector create friction that hinders sustainability—related change. To advance sustainability in equestrian sports, it is necessary to address institutional change—examining how entrenched practices can be challenged and transformed over time. 

The growing scale and heterogeneity of distributed energy systems has increased the complexity of their operational energy management. These systems must operate reliably under limited data and exogenous uncertainty while satisfying technical, social, and economic constraints. Classical optimization provides strong theoretical guarantees but often relies on deterministic models and point forecasts. Conversely, learning-based methods offer adaptability and scalability but may lack explicit safety handling and explainability, which are critical for deployment in safety- and flexibility-critical energy infrastructures.

Consequently, this thesis establishes an uncertainty-aware Energy Management System (EMS) architecture that preserves feasibility across planning and execution while enabling safety-constrained and human-centric intelligent control. Within a unified layered EMS structure, we address (i) exogenous uncertainty in generation and load, (ii) epistemic uncertainty arising from limited data, and (iii) exploration-related uncertainty during policy learning while supporting prosumer-in-the-loop operation. We first develop robust optimization methods with flexible and asymmetric uncertainty sets to obtain less conservative schedules while maintaining feasibility guarantees and improving economic performance. We further establish a safety-constrained reinforcement learning framework and benchmarking environment that enable systematic evaluation of performance–safety trade-offs. Finally, building on the EMS planning layer, we introduce an explainability and interaction layer in which schedules are complemented with solver-grounded explanations and what-if analyses, supporting human-in-the-loop flexibility decisions.

By jointly advancing robustness, data-efficient forecasting, safety-constrained learning, and explainable decision support, this thesis contributes an integrated and trustworthy decision-making paradigm for decentralized energy systems.

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common childhood malignancy. Due to the drastic increase in survivor rate over the last 50 years, long-lasting treatment effects on moods and neurocognitive function have become a current issue. Most studies relating to the effects of treatment in ALL survivors investigate patients in their adolescence. This pilot study aims to identify measurements for evaluating late effects of childhood ALL survivors in relation to neurocognitive and mood problems in adulthood. ALL survivors who received neurotoxic treatment with high-dose methotrexate and cranial radiotherapy (n = 10) and ALL survivors only treated with high-dose methotrexate (n = 10), plus age and sex match controls (n = 20), were recruited into the study. The study protocol involved questionnaires, neurocognitive tests and optical brain imaging with functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) over the frontal and parietal cortex. The fNIRS results indicate a reduced involvement of the parietal cortex during conflict processing for ALL survivors compared to controls. The study protocol shows promising results for identifying subgroups that suffer from neurocognitive and mood problems. However, since this is a discovery driven pilot study, the results need to be confirmed in a larger study. There is always a possibility that when larger sample sizes are considered, even within the same geographical settings, the results and conclusions may not align with the findings shown here. As our results indicate increased challenges among female ALL survivors, especially pathological fatigue, anxiety and information processing, it is important that future investigations explore the interplay between the risk of hormonal interaction with chemotherapy during development, in addition to occupational and social pressure during adulthood. 

Platforms mediating care services are increasingly reshaping the geographies of social reproduction, offering care fixes to some, while exacerbating the crisis of care for others. In this paper, we draw on research on healthcare, deliveries and cleaning platforms in Sweden to argue that platforms reinforce and redistribute flows of care privilege and care poverty between the Global North and the Global South, between urban and rural locations, and within cities, thus deepening the uneven geographies of care. These uneven geographies apply to those performing social reproductive work as well. While the working conditions of migrant platform cleaners have clear repercussions for their own social reproduction, other segments, such as healthcare professionals, may experience platform work as a fix to both working conditions and work–life balance. Ultimately, we propose that the political economy of social reproduction unfolds as a spatially uneven process, making life easier for some and harder for others. 

Purpose To identify registered nurse anesthetists' (RNA) perceptions of learning within the profession and to test the feasibility of the research questions and design. Design This was a qualitative empirical study with a phenomenographic approach. Methods Interviews with open-ended questions. Findings Four descriptive categories were identified: (1) practicing as a clinician, (2) developing comprehensive understanding, (3) developing situational awareness, and (4) trusting in own competence. These descriptive categories indicate the perceptions of conditions for professional learning. Experience, comprehensive understanding of the perioperative process and the patient’s situation, and having the courage to trust in own competence were described as essential for learning as a professional RNA. Conclusions The study demonstrated the feasibility of the research design and provided preliminary insights into RNAs' perceptions of professional learning. These findings may inform the implementation of a more comprehensive study, facilitate RNA learning in clinical settings, and provide insights into early RNA training. © 2025 The American Society of PeriAnesthesia Nurses.

Begum et al. (2018) examined gender bias in parental attitudes using an experimental approach in rural Bangladesh. Households were reported as randomly assigned to treatment conditions in a lab-in-the-field allocation task. We show that the group assignment was inherited from Islam (2019), a previous, nonrandomized experiment conducted in the same region. The lack of randomization contradicts the design descriptions provided by the authors in Begum et al. (2018) and elsewhere and raises concerns about the validity of comparisons across treatment groups. This also points to serious shortcomings in the reporting and transparency of the study design-issues that mirror those that led to the retraction of Islam (2019) from the European Economic Review. 

Tropical forest recovery plays a vital role in mitigating climate change and conserving biodiversity, yet accurately monitoring its ecological success remains a persistent challenge. Common proxies such as canopy cover or greenness often overestimate recovery by conflating rapid structural regrowth with the slower processes of compositional reassembly and functional reintegration. This review synthesizes recent advances in remote sensing that enable more comprehensive tracking of tropical forest recovery across structural, compositional, and functional dimensions and at multiple spatial and temporal scales. We evaluate the capabilities and limitations of key sensor types: LiDAR for mapping canopy structure and estimating biomass; optical sensors for assessing spectral diversity and phenological variation; synthetic aperture radar (SAR) for reliable structural monitoring under all weather conditions; passive microwave sensors capture plant water content, with Vegetation Optical Depth (VOD) serving as a valuable proxy for hydrological function; and thermal sensors for tracking evapotranspiration and plant stress. Crucially, we highlight how integrating these complementary data streams (e.g., fusing LiDAR with hyperspectral or SAR with VOD) overcomes single-sensor blind spots, revealing decoupled recovery trajectories and avoiding misleading "green deserts" assessments. We identify persistent challenges, including sensor saturation, cloud cover, calibration gaps, and computational barriers in under-resourced regions. To guide ecologically robust monitoring, we present a decision-support framework that aligns sensor selection with specific recovery dimensions, spatio-temporal scales, data availability, and operational capacity. This framework emphasizes the use of defensible sensor combinations and prioritizes open-access data and feasible validation strategies. Future progress hinges on equitable calibration networks, integrating functional physiological metrics such as solar-induced fluorescence and VOD, developing interpretable machine learning tools, and expanding scalable cloud-based processing platforms. Multi-sensor integration is essential for verifying restoration outcomes to foster resilient tropical forest landscapes.

Harmful chemical mixtures are pervasive in the environment, yet traditional epidemiological designs face major challenges in establishing causal links between individual chemicals or mixture exposures and health outcomes. These challenges arise from the high dimensionality and inter-correlation of exposures, their mediation through complex molecular pathways, and the practical absence of truly unexposed control groups, due to the ubiquity of synthetic chemicals. However, environmental health research is entering a new era defined by integration of epidemiological and experimental studies as well as recent advances in molecular technologies and computational modelling. Here, we introduce four approaches designed to advance our understanding of chemical mixtures and move beyond correlation to causation and intervention: 1) 'hMIX' which integrates human relevant reference mixtures with experimental evidence of adverse effects; 2) the Similar Mixture Approach (SMACH) that translates hazards of chemical mixtures to risks across populations; 3) hybrid epidemiology that bridges experimental and population-based mechanistic insights; and 4) counterfactual theoretical interventions tailored to examine the health benefits of reducing exposure to specific harmful chemicals or mixtures. We propose an integrative framework combining these four approaches to move the chemical mixture field towards causality - a critical step toward predicting and preventing chemical mixture related health effects.

The European eel (Anguilla anguilla) faces significant challenges during its migratory lifecycle due to anthropogenic habitat fragmentation. Fish passage solutions, such as eel ramps, aim to mitigate such barriers, but their effectiveness varies and may impose selective pressures on eel phenotypes. This study evaluates the impact of ramp design and water flow on the climbing success of juvenile eels, with particular focus on effects of individual eel exploratory phenotypes. Choice between two ramp designs-laterally flat and V-shaped-was evaluated under low (3 L min-1) and high (9 L min-1) flow conditions. The proportion of eels climbing the flat and V-shaped ramps was similar at low flows (36% and 32%, respectively), while a V-shaped ramp led to a higher proportion of climbs than a flat ramp at high flows (30% and 2%, respectively). Additionally, individuals with lower activity scores had a higher probability of climbing. These findings suggest that ramp design influences eel passage efficiency and highlight the potential for unintended selective pressures against high-activity phenotypes. Optimizing eel passage design is crucial to allow upstream and downstream migration and maintaining population diversity. Further studies are needed to assess if upstream migration over multiple eel ramps can affect the migration or phenotypic selection to ensure that passage design does not inadvertently disadvantage climbing success for certain phenotypes within the already threatened eel population.

Background A neurodiversity-informed approach recognizes the perspectives and experiences of autistic people from an insider perspective, yet little attention has been given to adapting qualitative methods to account for the impact of cognition, sociality, and communication style of both interviewers and participants. The aim of this paper was to contribute to the development of autistic-friendly interviewing in a group interview space.Methods The paper is a collective reflexive pilot study, exploring experiences of autistic interviewer and autistic participants in group interviews. The method followed five steps, from deciding what type of interview questions to use to test them in the group interviews. An autistic interviewer conducted three group interviews, each with two to three autistic participants. Interviews and analyses were conducted in Swedish, and the data were then translated into English by the authors.Results The study identified key insights around four areas: participants' mixed views on the interview guide, the need to accommodate autistic processing styles, the importance of recognizing autistic forms of sociality, and the significance of conducting interviews within an autistic-friendly space that fosters comfort and understanding.Conclusion The paper outlines step by step the procedure of conducting group interviews with autistic people. We illustrate ways to capture the possibilities of autistic-friendly interviewing by working with-rather than against-autistic cognition, sociality, and communication styles in interviews with autistic people.

Edge-cloud computing has emerged as a key enabling paradigm for augmented and virtual reality (AR/VR) systems because of the stringent computational and ultra-low-latency requirements of AR/VR workloads. Designing efficient edge-cloud systems for such workloads involves multiple technical aspects, including communication technologies, service placement, task offloading and caching, service migration, and security and privacy. This paper provides a structured and technical analysis of these aspects from an AR/VR perspective. We adopt a two-stage literature analysis, in which Google Scholar is used to identify fundamental technical aspects and solution approaches, followed by a focused analysis of recent research trends and future directions using academic databases (e.g., IEEE Xplore, ACM Digital Library, and ScienceDirect). We present an organized classification of the core technical aspects and investigate existing solution approaches, including heuristic, metaheuristic, learning-based, and hybrid strategies. Rather than introducing application-specific designs, the analysis focuses on workload-driven challenges and trade-offs that arise in AR/VR systems. Based on this classification, we analyze recent research trends, identify underexplored technical areas, and highlight key research gaps that hinder the efficient deployment of AR/VR services over edge-cloud infrastructures. The findings of this study provide practical insights for researchers and system designers and help guide future research toward more responsive, scalable, and reliable edge-cloud AR/VR systems.

PurposeThis study aims to investigate how multinational corporations (MNCs) adapt their management control systems (MCSs) to comply with Germany's Supply Chain Due Diligence Act (LkSG) and address human rights and environmental risks in global supply chains.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative analysis of interviews with 14 professionals from 11 German-based MNCs was conducted using hybrid thematic coding informed by Malmi and Brown's (2008) MCS framework, Gond et al.'s (2012) sustainability integration mechanisms and institutional and contingency theories.FindingsDifferent control types align with distinct integration mechanisms, and the study introduces adaptation logic to explain variation in how firms implement due diligence obligations across control types. Firms responded to the LkSG through both uniform and hybrid adaptation logics, shaped by institutional pressures and organizational contingencies.Practical implicationsThe findings offer insights for sustainability and compliance managers on reconfiguring MCSs to strengthen due diligence, and for policymakers on designing clear and feasible regulatory frameworks that also support suppliers, including small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) along the supply chain.Social implicationsThe study underscores how regulatory compliance and organizational adaptation shape the realization of human rights and environmental outcomes in global supply chains.Originality/valueThe study advances MC research by analyzing how control systems are reconfigured for legally binding sustainability obligations. It offers a theoretical synthesis linking control types, integration pathways and adaptation logic, and clarifies how MCSs can enable corporate contributions to sustainable development under binding sustainability regulations.

The molecular orientation is crucial for the efficiency of organic solar cells. A face-on orientation, in which the pi-pi stacking direction is oriented perpendicular to the substrate, is typically preferred because it enhances vertical charge transport to the electrodes and can additionally modify the position of energy levels. In this study, near-edge x-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy was employed to investigate the molecular orientation of the acceptor polymers PYT and PF5-Y5 and the donor polymer PBDB-T in spin-coated blend films with different donor: acceptor ratios. From the comparison of NEXAFS spectra acquired in partial electron yield (PEY), total electron yield (TEY), and fluorescence yield (FY) modes, depth-dependent information about the orientation of the components in the films can be extracted. We found that the absorption resonances in the PEY carbon K-edge spectra of all the blend films resembled the spectral signatures of PBDB-T, indicating that the surface of these blend films is PBDB-T-rich, even at a 1:10 donor-to-acceptor ratio. To identify the acceptor component in the carbon spectra, deeper subsurface probing was required using TEY and FY modes, alongside analysis of the angular dependence of these spectra. Nitrogen K-edge NEXAFS spectra were employed to selectively probe the acceptor orientation in the blend films, revealing that generally the polymer acceptors retain their face-on orientation observed in neat acceptor films. However, in one blend, a decrease in the dichroic ratio suggests that the donor polymer influences the molecular orientation of the acceptor at the film's surface. This work demonstrates a novel strategy to probe molecular orientation in all-polymer blend films. The approach exploits dichroism at selective absorption edges to access detailed information on the molecular orientation of one component within the blend film.

Background: Contact Nurses in Cancer Care (CNCCs) are well-positioned to address patients' concerns regarding sexual health, but many lack the tools and confidence to initiate such conversations. Aim: To explore how CNCCs perceive the use of the BETTER model as a new practice for integrating discussions of sexuality into cancer care. Methods: Data were collected from 37 CNCCs through video-recorded educational seminars, written reflections, and focus group interviews. A directed qualitative content analysis was conducted, guided by the four constructs of the Normalization Process Theory: coherence, cognitive participation, collective action, and reflexive monitoring. Results: The BETTER model was perceived as a valuable tool for initiating conversations about sexuality. The CNCCs highlighted the importance of personal reflection, peer support, and managerial backing. Time constraints and structural barriers were identified as key challenges to implementation. Many CNCCs viewed themselves as clinical champions, advocating for the sustained integration of the model into practice. Conclusion: Communication tools such as the BETTER model can enhance CNCCs' confidence and competence in addressing sexual health. Successful implementation requires organizational support and recognition of CNCCs' roles as facilitators of change. The Normalization Process Theory proved useful in understanding the implementation process, even across diverse clinical settings.

In many countries, the roll-out of the Covid-19 vaccines was accompanied by vaccine passports. In Sweden, anyone aged 18 or above was required to have taken two doses of an approved vaccine to visit any venues with a capacity of a hundred guests or more. This article compares Swedish 17- and 18-year-olds in difference-in-difference and event-study analyses. These indicate that the vaccine passports produced an effect that lasted around four or five weeks and led to at most approximately one per cent of unvaccinated 18-year-olds getting vaccinated. The vaccines were not sterilizing but plausibly lowered the reproductive value and thereby slowed the spread of the virus. However, with at most a negligible effect on take-up, there is little to recommend the vaccine passports.

Powder bed fusion (PBF) is a promising but challenging method for the additive manufacturing (AM) of magnetic Nd-Fe-B alloys due to the material's inherent brittleness, oxidation sensitivity, and complex phase evolution. In this study, crack-free and dense near-net-shape parts were successfully produced via electron beam powder bed fusion (PBF-EB) using a stress-reducing spot melting strategy. Identical gas-atomized powder (68.7Fe-19.2Nd-1.7B-1.9Ti-2.5Co-4.3Zr-1.4Pr) was also processed by laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB). While PBF-EB samples showed high density and mechanical integrity, the PBF-LB parts suffered from significant porosity and cracking despite preheating, indicating insufficient thermal stress management. Magnetic characterization revealed coercivities up to 9.3 kA/m (11.7 mT) and specific saturation magnetization values of 136 Am2/kg at 310 K for PBF-EB samples. In contrast, PBF-LB samples exhibited considerably higher but still low coercivity (127 kA/m; 0.16 T) compared to the powder state, attributed to oxidation, phase inhomogeneity, and structural discontinuities. PBF-EB samples remained largely unaffected by post-processing heat treatment up to 1050 degrees C, suggesting a stable near-equilibrium microstructure already formed during PBF processing. PBF-LB samples underwent a breakdown of the initial finely structured matrix, the emergence of soft magnetic alpha-Fe phases and consequently magnetic deterioration, highlighting the metastable nature of their as-built state. These findings emphasize that magnetic performance in AM of rare-earth (RE) lean Nd-Fe-B alloys is governed not only by thermal exposure but also by process-inherent solidification kinetics and oxidation sensitivity. By highlighting the critical importance of decoupling thermal effects and solidification dynamics in AM, a framework for future alloy and process design strategies aimed at achieving high-performance, binder-free permanent magnets is provided.

Hybrid work has turned employee experience into a phygital phenomenon, in which physical and digital experiences jointly shape well-being and organizational performance. Yet existing employee experience models often treat physical and digital domains as isolated, parallel, or only partially connected, offering limited insight into how their interaction produces coherence or tension in employees lived work experiences. This conceptual article develops the Phygital Work Experience (PH-WX) framework to theorize work experience within an integrated physical and digital environment. We introduce a dual-realm conceptualization of work experience as 4Ps (Person, People, Purpose, Place) and 4Ds (Design, Data, Device, Decision) and define phygital work congruence as the degree to which the 4Ps and 4Ds align to support coherent, meaningful, and psychologically supportive work. Drawing on employee well-being research, internal market orientation, sociotechnical systems, and paradox theory, we theorize how phygital congruence and misalignment in work experience emerge across three levels: micro (broader employee experience), meso (leadership, culture, HRM, infrastructure, ethical governance), and macro (economic, technological, socio-cultural, institutional forces). The paper contributes to macromarketing by offering a human-centric lens for analyzing and designing hybrid work experiences.

There is a risk of diagnostic overshadowing between traumatic stress reactions and ADHD and autism. The prevalence of potentially traumatic events (PTE) and associated posttraumatic mental health problems was investigated among children referred for assessment for ADHD and autism at the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry in Sweden. The study included 62 Swedish children (34 boys, 28 girls) between the ages 8-16. The children self-reported the prevalence of PTEs and associated stress reactions on Life Incident of Traumatic Event (LITE), Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children (TSCC), and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaires (SDQ), at an appointment with a licensed psychologist. Sex and age differences were analyzed, and the results were compared with Swedish norms for children when possible. The children in this study reported a high prevalence of PTEs on LITE, and half of the girls reported scores above the clinical cut-off on the TSCC scale, post-traumatic stress reactions, as well as significantly higher scores (M = 60.87) in comparison to the boys (M = 35.94). Most children (74.2%) scored above the SDQ cut-off value for total difficulties. Conclusively, children referred for assessment for ADHD and autism report high levels of exposure to PTEs and post-traumatic stress symptoms. This calls for immediate action in overseeing the procedures and reliability for trauma screening and strategies to protect these children from exposure to PTEs.

This paper introduces Risktionary, a Pictionary-based game designed to teach Risk Management activities in a tertiary level Software Engineering course. An empirical study was conducted to evaluate the impact of Risktionary on student performance, engagement, motivation, and satisfaction. The study involved five groups from two universities who played the paper-based and web-based versions of the game. Results indicate that, regardless of the version, students exposed to Risktionary outperformed the control group taught in a "traditional" manner. Additionally, students playing the game, particularly those with no prior experience in risk management, reported consistently high levels of engagement, motivation, and satisfaction. These findings highlight the potential of gamification as an effective tool for improving the learning experience and outcomes in a Risk Management lecture.

Large-scale agile (LSA) development presents challenges in effectively integrating technical expertise. Prior research reported a range of challenges in LSA,however, specific mechanisms and roles for ensuring technical quality remain underexplored. This qualitative case study investigates specialized 'Product Guardian' role within LSA context, examining its responsibilities, challenges, and impact on product quality. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with software professionals and analyzed using thematic analysis. We identified four primary themes: perceived necessity and value proposition of Product Guardian role; core responsibilities associated with the role, ensuring effective development by bridging technical and product perspectives; challenges faced by individuals fulfilling this role. Additionally common impediments within LSA teams that Product Guardian interacts with or mitigates. Our findings suggest that Product Guardian role can be instrumental in enhancing product quality by proactively addressing socio-technical debt in LSA projects. This study provides practical insights for organizations that customizing roles focused on technical integration can be a viable strategy to overcome challenges to product quality in LSA development.

This study investigate influence of human factors on socio-technical debt in large-scale agile projects. Existing research acknowledges technical debt but it lacks investigation into how human factors influence debt accumulation and mitigation in large-scale agile projects. We conducted a case study with inductive analysis and identified three primary categories of human factors: personal essence and growth, collaborative perseverance, and organizational dynamics. We maps these factors to specific debt categories. Personal essence and growth factors predominantly inhibit people debt, while collaborative perseverance factors primarily mitigate social debt and organizational dynamic factors significantly contribute to organizational debt. Notably, all human factors influence process debt. These findings provide insights into how human factors modulate socio-technical debt in large-scale agile environments, offering valuable practical and research implications.

Digital health (DH) technologies such as mobile apps, wearable devices, and electronic health records have potential to improve healthcare outcomes by supporting efficient workflows, reducing stress for healthcare providers, and helping people manage chronic conditions more effectively. These benefits matter particularly for older adults, who often, in highly digitized societies like Sweden, depend on DH services frequently and under demanding circumstances. However, DH solutions can lose their value in practice when usability and accessibility are poor. Common problems, such as poor text readability, cluttered features, limited language support, and interactions that require speed or precision, can lead to errors and frustration, especially for older adults or those with reduced motor control. When such issues occur, DH can become less inclusive, which can limit adoption and reduce the real-world impact of otherwise well-intended services.

This thesis investigates how usability and accessibility evaluation can be made more effective and efficient, with a focus on the practical challenges of involving key target user groups, especially older adults and people with impairments. The thesis builds on interviews with DH software professionals, which highlighted limited resources and inefficient evaluation as recurring obstacles. To study these challenges further, we conducted a systematic literature review of DH usability evaluation methods and tool support, an online survey with DH usability experts on current practices and efficiency threats, and empirical, data-driven studies that begin with field studies of older adults with shaky hands performing smartphone interaction tasks and progress toward design-time imitation of touch behavior during the design of UI prototypes.

Across the studies, usability evaluation emerged as one of the key challenges in effective DH development. The survey results indicated that participant recruitment is often perceived difficult, the time and budget are often insufficient, together with gaps in knowledge about method selection and tool familiarity. The literature also showed that usability evaluation automation support is still limited and is mainly used for user performance tracking and to check compliance with accessibility guidelines. To address recruitment limitations, the thesis demonstrates how collected data on GUI interactions can be augmented with synthetic data generation approaches and then used to train imitation models of older adults’ tapping and gesture behaviors. This resulted in the User Interface Interactions Imitation (UI³) framework, which integrates “virtual older adult users” into design prototyping environment to simulate interaction patterns and surface potential usability and accessibility issues.

The thesis contributes a consolidated evidence on where and why usability evaluation, from a research and expert perspective, often becomes inefficient in practice; an overview of the current limitations in test automation and why advanced tool support is still uncommon; and a data-driven, AI-based approach that can complement traditional usability testing through design-time imitation of older adults’ smartphone interactions in UI prototypes, enabling earlier identification of usability barriers.

This article examines the question of whether complementation structures are cross-linguistically universal by using two different cross-linguistic corpora, each drawing on the same thirteen languages, spanning every continent. One is SCOPIC, the Social Cognition Parallax Interview Corpus, specifically designed to elicit material rich in grammatical categories relevant to social cognition; for each language in our sample this was balanced by a “general corpus” of roughly the same size with no specific targeting of domains. We find that, while complementation is widespread, it is not universal within the languages in our sample: in some it is absent entirely and in others it is extremely rare. Of the structural alternatives used to achieve the same functional goal by far the commonest is quoted speech, suggesting that in the evolution of linguistic structures it is heteroglossia, the embedding of one person’s words in another’s, that is a more basic phenomenon, from which complementation structures then evolve in many but not all languages.

In this chapter, we present the pedagogical possibilities of AI as well as the challenges it poses in education. AI is not merely a new technological tool but represents a fundamental shift in how students interact with knowledge, assignments, and learning environments. As educators, we must navigate questions of academic integrity, skill development, and pedagogical alignment, as AI tools are increasingly becoming part of learning and assessment practices. We consider how AI can support learning and possibly replace traditional methods; however, concerns about overreliance, misinformation, and the erosion of critical thinking remain. We share examples based on examination instances, honesty statements, and our observations on the impact of these tools on the learning experiences of students at Karlstad University and Jönköping University. These insights stem from our recent experiences, as well as students’ reflections and behaviors. Finally, we share insights and takeaways for the future use of AI in teaching and assessment, emphasizing the importance of transparent communication, clear boundaries, and a pedagogical focus on learning outcomes.

Reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) is the most widely used separation technique in pharmaceutical analysis. However, most classic drugs are weak acids or bases and therefore exist in charged forms under typical RPLC conditions, resulting in poor retention, peak tailing, and limited selectivity. These issues mainly arise because of heterogenous adsorption involving multiple interactions. This compilation thesis investigates and models the retention of charged and ionizable solutes under various chromatographic conditions, exploring their interactions with the stationary phase through adsorption studies to elucidate the underlying retention mechanisms.

In Paper I, an analytical method was developed to quantify triethylamine and tributylamine in aqueous-organic mixtures by converting them to their uncharged volatile forms and measuring them by gas chromatography. This method was then used to obtain their adsorption isotherms on a C18 phase using a batch method.

In Paper II, an electrostatic retention model and competitive adsorption model were developed to describe the pH-dependent retention and overloaded elution of charged and uncharged solutes in RPLC and mixed-mode chromatography. In Paper III, a mechanistic ion-pair RPLC model was developed by combining ion-pair reagent adsorption, surface potential, and surface ion-pair formation, enabling prediction of the retention of charged and ionizable analytes as a function of mobile phase pH and ion-pair reagent concentration.

In Paper IV, adsorption energy distribution (AED) analysis was extended from single-component to two-component, enabling visualization of competitive adsorption in heterogeneous phase systems. Paper V identified key methodological limitations, including concentration range, choice of kernel function, and numerical convergence, while simultaneously demonstrating a clear relationship between peak tailing and AED. 

The mechanistic, adsorption-based approaches developed here can be applied to address peak tailing and limited selectivity in separations multivalent oligonucleotides and peptides, which represent a rapidly growing class of therapeutic. 

This thesis comprises two studies investigating upper-secondary students’ use of programming as a mathematical tool. It aims to examine both the intertwined relationship between students’ use of programming and their mathematical understanding, and how the design of learning activities can support the incorporation of programming into mathematics education.  

The first study adopts a design-based research approach centred on a problem-solving activity involving programming. The second study examines a teacher’s design of programming activities for numerical calculations and its influence on students’ understanding of limits.  

The Instrumental Approach provides the theoretical lens for analysing students’ instrumental genesis, describing the relationship between their use of programming and their mathematical understanding. The findings indicate that, as programming is not designed as a mathematical or educational tool, its technical handling may be less intuitive for students than that of digital tools explicitly developed for mathematical purposes. A theoretical contribution of the thesis is that the analysis of students’ instrumental genesis, when programming functions as a mathematical tool, must encompass not only mathematical conceptual aspects but also those required for learning to program.  

The findings further suggest that using programming as a mathematical problem-solving tool, particularly when students construct their own algorithms, places considerable demands on those with limited programming experience. Conversely, providing pre-designed algorithms for numerical computations, to ease students’ use of programming, may limit the development of deeper mathematical understanding. A practical contribution of the thesis is that teachers designing mathematical learning activities involving programming must balance scaffolding students’ use of programming with allowing them autonomy to use the tool in ways that support their mathematical understanding. 

In this article, we explore and discuss Swedish Early Childhood Education (ECE) teachers' professional mandates related to recent policy of teachers' responsibility for leadership in teaching activities. Through written descriptions and group interviews, data were compiled on ECE teachers' experiences and visions of leadership as well as evaluations of their leadership practice. The results show that the ECE teachers' enactment of leadership consists of both professional responsibility and accountability logics in different fields of tension. ECE teachers stressed trust in characteristics such as children's needs and interests to be part of leading teaching activities, simultaneously as they emphasised trust in predefined evaluation through systematic quality work. We interpret the ambiguous emphasis on trust as an expression of "in trust we trust". This ambiguity might hinder the development of a good ECE practice. We conclude that leadership in ECE as a concept needs to be discussed to avoid a fixed and predefined leadership practice. The responsibility for what direction this discussion will take must be shared among ECE practitioners, policy makers and researchers in the field.

This study investigates the steady Boltzmann equation in one spatial variable for a polyatomic single-component gas in a half-space. Inflow boundary conditions are assumed at the half-space boundary, where particles entering the half-space are distributed as a Maxwellian, an equilibrium distribution characterised by macroscopic parameters of the boundary. At the far end, the gas tends to an equilibrium distribution, which is also Maxwellian. Using conservation laws and an entropy inequality, we derive relations between the macroscopic parameters of the boundary and at infinity required for the existence of solutions. The relations vary depending on the sign of the Mach number at infinity, which dictates whether evaporation or condensation takes place at the interface between the gas and the condensed phase. We explore the obtained relations numerically. This investigation reveals that, although the relations are qualitatively similar for various internal degrees of freedom of the gas, clear quantitative differences exist.

Crisis is an inherent feature of contemporary societies; hence, risk awareness and crisis preparedness have become important in planning strategies. A crucial component that has emerged is the need for crisis communication and investigations to promote and involve communication by various local groups. One such group is second-home tourists, who are commonly well-integrated socially into local communities in the Nordic countries. However, the knowledge and inclusion of second-home tourists in planning strategies, including risk preparedness, requires improvement in local jurisdictions. Second-home communities are diverse, implying that efficient crisis communication needs to account for the place-specific characteristics of these temporary population groups. This short communication presents results from a survey on crisis-communication preferences and behaviour among second-home owners in Sweden. We explore how second-home owners communicate from their second home, to what extent they are aware of risks, and how they view the role of communication in a potential crisis.

The downscaling of environmental responsibilities poses new challenges for regional governments, necessitating an evolution in their roles to manage environmental policy alongside traditional local development duties. This paper draws on the concept of the entrepreneurial state and on the idea of the 'entrepreneurial region' to explore how local and regional governments implement bioeconomy policies and strategies, highlighting governance dynamics and assessing institutional capacity limitations in achieving sustainability outcomes. Our study focuses on the bioeconomy strategies in Lapland (Finland) and V & auml;sternorrland (Sweden), two sparsely populated, resource-rich northern regions where the bioeconomy is integral to regional development policies. We utilised qualitative data from semi-structured interviews, policy documents and relevant reports to address two key questions: How can we better understand the role of local and regional governments in regional bioeconomy strategies, and what implications do institutional capacity constraints have for sustainability outcomes? Findings indicate that the ability of regions to act 'entrepreneurially' is heavily reliant on the availability of competences, resources and vision. The notion of the entrepreneurial region illustrates that regional governments are increasingly expected to fulfil roles as coordinators, economic agents, market enablers and innovators, all of which necessitate significant institutional capacity. Although these roles foster opportunities for place-based innovation and bioeconomy advancement, they also expose tensions between mission-oriented goals and market-driven demands. Furthermore, uneven institutional capacities, fragmented governance structures and limited resources hinder the transformative potential of regional strategies.

BackgroundAs the use of psychedelics increases in both therapeutic and non-clinical settings, reports of extended post-experience difficulties have also emerged. While many individuals integrate their experiences effectively, others face persistent challenges. Despite growing recognition of these issues, there is limited research on best practices for mitigating and addressing prolonged post-psychedelic difficulties. This study explores expert perspectives on the nature of these challenges and optimal support strategies.MethodsA qualitative survey study was conducted with 28 professionals who support individuals navigating post-psychedelic distress, including psychiatrists, psychotherapists, psychedelic integration coaches, and retreat facilitators. Structured Tabular Thematic Analysis (ST-TA) was applied to identify high-consensus themes related to extended difficulties and effective integration practices.ResultsPractitioners consistently reported six key post-psychedelic difficulties: (1) existential struggle and ontological shock, (2) anxiety and panic, (3) self-perception issues, (4) dissociative symptoms, (5) resurfacing of repressed material and trauma, and (6) disappointment due to unmet expectations. The most frequently recommended support strategies included (1) individual psychotherapy, particularly trauma-informed approaches, (2) grounding and mindfulness techniques, (3) peer and community support, (4) meaning-making and narrative reconstruction, and (5) in some cases, short-term psychiatric medication. While psychiatrists emphasized medical stabilization and symptom management, psychotherapists and integration coaches focused on existential meaning-making, emotional processing, and community-based support.ConclusionsOur findings highlight the need for trauma-informed, cross-disciplinary approaches to psychedelic integration. Ensuring access to ethical, evidence-based support-both clinical and community-based-is important for further developing harm reduction strategies as psychedelic use expands in the western world. Future research should explore culturally diverse integration practices and inform therapeutic protocols for mitigating post-psychedelic distress.

Vegetation phenology needs to be considered in the assessment of agricultural drought severity, especially in drylands such as Botswana. Using Remote Sensing time-series data (2000 - 2020), this study evaluated vegetation productivity using the annual sum of the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVIsum) and computed changes as trends (EVIsumtrend) in agricultural lands comprising grasslands and croplands. To assess agricultural drought severity, a weighted linear combination was applied to the EVI-based Vegetation Condition Index (VCIwlc) and compared to the conventional Standardized Precipitation Index. To detect how agricultural drought has impacted vegetation phenology, we identified dynamics in vegetation greenup, maturity, peak, senescence and dormancy and correlated these to the EVIsum and VCIwlc. Differentiating between croplands and grasslands, vegetation productivity in grasslands was consistently lower than in croplands during droughts. The seasonal agriculture-related phenology, such as late vegetation greenup - the start of the season - is correlated with reduced vegetation productivity and severe agricultural droughts as evidenced by lower EVIsum and VCIwlc values, respectively. Notable phenology patterns include delayed greenup in grasslands compared to croplands, while the peak period often overlaps between grasslands and croplands. Overall, phenological shifts detected over agricultural lands in Botswana were about 58 days delayed greenup between the earliest and latest detection, whereas for peak, senescence and dormancy, delays were between 60 and 61 days. Findings provide valuable insights into how vegetation responds over time to changing environmental stressors such as drought. Understanding and monitoring how drought impacts agriculture-related phenology in dryland ecosystems is essential to informing national drought policies.

This study introduces platform bricolage as an approach for industrial digital platform-based innovation. Using a rich multiple-case study design, it examines bricolage-based modes of practice in the early formation of industrial digital platforms. The focus is on emergent platforms where limited resource recombination is crucial for innovation. Drawing on cross-case analysis of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) forming three successful industrial digital platforms, the study derives and explains two core principles underpinning platform bricolage: (1) timely and creative mobilization of limited and heterogeneous resources; and (2) ongoing centrality of the customer within the platform development. By introducing platform bricolage, this study offers insights into collaborative innovation in resource-constrained environments.

The freshwater pearl mussel Margaritifera margaritifera (L.) remains Critically Endangered in Europe and Endangered throughout its world range in spite of many years of conservation efforts. It has been legally protected since at least the 1990s in most countries it inhabits. It also benefits from international protection under the European Union Habitat's Directive, which has opened up over 30 years of funding to improve and ultimately restore its conservation status in Europe. This monograph brings together the research and conservation efforts to date that have been undertaken across most of its range, which has increased our understanding of the species' life history, interactions with host fish, its ecology and habitat requirements. Efforts to understand the catchment, water quality and flow changes needed to rehabilitate populations are ongoing. The juvenile stages are extremely sensitive, and the natural environment of M. margaritifera is oligotrophic. Many rivers have changed considerably since juvenile recruitment was last successful. However, adults are long lived and populations can recover if targeted catchment-level restoration is undertaken, providing benefits for climate action as well as mussels. This publication provides a synthesis to assist research and conservation management.

This paper investigates how educational services can serve as transformative mechanisms in addressing illiteracy and chronic poverty among street children in urban areas of Pakistan. Drawing on the Capability Approach and using Kleine's (2013) Choice Framework as an analytical lens, the study examines how free educational tuition delivered in informal park-based settings contributes to expanding children's substantive freedoms and empowerment. The research is grounded in a qualitative case study that combines semi-structured interviews with ethnographic observations, including participatory involvement by the researcher. The findings highlight two key contributions. First, the study demonstrates how free-of-cost and flexible educational services, coupled with strong mentorship roles, create the necessary conditions for capability expansion - removing barriers related to time, financial resources, and social constraints. Second, the analysis shows how such interventions influence both the intrinsic and instrumental dimensions of well-being, enabling children to re-enter formal education systems, build psychological resilience, and access improved socioeconomic opportunities. By capturing how agency and structure interact across the four dimensions of choice - existence, sense, use, and achievement - the paper offers a context-sensitive analysis of how educational services may create pathways that contribute to disrupting intergenerational poverty under specific structural conditions. The study contributes to both Transformative Service Research and development literature by offering a context-sensitive understanding of how education, when designed around real-life constraints, can promote social inclusion, structural change, and longterm empowerment in marginalized communities.

This article draws on research in a Norwegian municipality to examine the affective aspects of teaching gifted students and to explore how systemic and cultural norms surrounding gifted education in Norway may shape teachers' perceptions and practices. Teacher well-being is a concern for educational quality and sustainability, yet in gifted education, it is often overlooked. Giftedness refers to a high ability to learn faster, more complex or in greater depth than same-age peers when adequately supported. In Norway, teachers face contradictory signals concerning teaching the gifted: definitional ambiguity, limited training, strong egalitarian norms that make giftedness a contested category, and, at the same time, a strong principle of inclusive adapted education for all. Those combined may lead to ethical tensions that challenge teachers' professional integrity and well-being. Such conditions can reduce teachers' handlingsrom, meaning their space (room) for professional agency, within institutional, cultural, and policy frameworks. To investigate how such pressures shape teacher's well-being, this study synthesises findings from four interrelated sub-studies conducted within a single research project on gifted education. Using a meta-ethnographic approach, we translated and integrated insights from the sub-studies to develop higher-order constructs not visible in the individual analyses. The synthesis identified three key dynamics: conceptual ambiguity, ethical strain under cross-pressure, and buffers as recalibrators of demands and resources. Together, these insights informed the Cross-Pressure Model for Teacher Well-being (CP-Well Model) developed in this study, which positions teacher integrity at the centre of professional well-being. We argue that teacher well-being in gifted education may depend less on individual resilience and more on systemic, cultural, and policy conditions. Addressing these cross-pressures requires structural change, supportive leadership, and sustained professional development to enable teachers to work with integrity.

Attempting to suppress unwanted thoughts is generally characterized by the opposite outcomes of what is desired in motor task performance, resulting in a counterintentional error. The study examined the impacts of priming negative cues on elite athletes' performance in Stroop rifle shooting task, guided by ironic processes of mental control theory (Wegner, 1994). Ten elite youth biathletes performed the task under two conditions: Low-Cue Frequency (LCF) and High-Cue Frequency (HCF) using a quasi-experimental within-subject design. Using multiple psychophysiological measures, the study assessed ironic errors, non-ironic errors, target hits, and reaction times (RTs) at the incongruent stimuli. Across both conditions, repeated negative priming cues did not lead to ironic shooting errors or delays in target responses-contradicting Wegner's (1994) assumption about ironic errors. Bayesian analysis revealed moderate and anecdotal evidence in support of the null model (BF01) for target hit rates and RTs towards target hits, respectively. Heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) also showed no significant variations across conditions. Findings suggest that negative instructions, regardless of frequency, do not disrupt elite biathletes' shooting performance. Directives like "do not shoot [specific color]" fail to induce ironic errors, highlighting elite biathletes' resilience to such cues in maintaining consistent shooting performance.

Objectives: Intraoperative handovers among operating room (OR) nurses are critical high-risk transitions in which incomplete communication can compromise patient safety. Despite international safety goals and structured protocols, practice remains inconsistent. This scoping review aimed to identify and conceptually map the existing literature on OR nurses' practices and experiences of intraoperative handovers. Methods: The review followed the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology and the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Using the Population, Concept, Context (PCC) framework (Population: OR nurses; Concept: handover communication; Context: intraoperative care), we conducted systematic searches in MEDLINE, CINAHL and Web of Science, supplemented by grey literature. Eligible sources included qualitative, quantitative and mixed-methods studies published in English or Scandinavian languages. The data were analysed using narrative conceptual mapping supported by NVivo. Results: Nineteen sources were included, predominantly qualitative studies and field reports. Three conceptual themes emerged: (1) risk management as an implicit practice-nurses safeguard patient safety through vigilance and compensatory strategies, (2) standardisation as a procedural anchor-structured tools and checklists improve clarity but may constrain adaptability and (3) relational complexity as a contextual determinant-hierarchical norms and psychological safety shape communication quality. Evidence highlights that handovers are socially negotiated processes rather than routine technical exchanges. Conclusion: Intraoperative handovers are complex high-risk transitions influenced by procedural, relational and systemic factors. While structured tools reduce omissions, rigid application risks undermining clinical judgment. Future strategies should integrate flexible standardisation with cultural and organisational reforms that foster psychological safety and shared accountability.

Our everyday geographies are increasingly entangled with digital spaces, technological devices, and spatial media. One such device is the Virtual Reality Head Mounted Display (VR HMD), which in recent years has become accessible for casual users. As an emerging medium, VR plays with spatial perceptions of presence, movement, and sociality. Seeking to challenge the dominant conceptualization of immersion as the main spatiality of VR, this thesis makes empirical and theoretical contributions to the fields of digital geographies and VR research. First, exploring the empirically overlooked context of domestic VR usage through ethnographic methods, materials were collected in Swedish homes to inquire about what VR users’ everyday practices can tell us about experiencing digital places. Results show that presence in digital place through immersive media should not be reduced to sensations of being removed, nor the illusion of being virtually elsewhere. Rather, the physical environment and the sensuous connection with devices are instrumental for VR users being in place. Second, this thesis introduces Ektopic emplacement as a phenomenological theorization of being in place through immersive media. Drawing on theoretical frameworks of place theory and phenomenology, the spatialities of VR usage are analyzed as an emplaced and embodied practice of navigating, not the transition from a physical place into a virtual or digital one, but a being in places. Ektopic emplacement is explored as a mode of being in places with and through technological objects. Thus, rather than being here or there, immersed or not immersed, VR users’ being in place is dual, split, and shifting; simultaneously removed as well as remaining. The Ektopic is developed as a response to the fractured sense of place brought on by immersive media and considers the technological devices we utilize in our everyday life as objects that we inhabit and enjoy to condition our very being in the world.

This article focuses on the restructurings that took place within the hospitality sector during the economic downturn caused by the pandemic. The aim of this article is to examine how STW (short-time work) schemes and redundancies affected the psychosocial work environment. The data material consists primarily of 36 interviews with employees and managers from three hotels in Sweden that implemented STW schemes, where some employees were also made redundant. The results show that during the rather long period of government restrictions, radical shifts in hotel occupancy rates, and implemented STW schemes, the work environment changed in terms of employees’ perceptions of job (in)security; workload and work extension; time and financial structures; and workplace relations. Further, the results illustrate how hotel employees’ perceptions of the psychosocial work environment shifted over the course of the pandemic.

This paper examines how restructuring of hotel work affects work identities and attractiveness of work, based on 29 semi-structured interviews with staff at three hotels in Sweden. The external crisis - the COVID-19 pandemic - played a significant role in justifying restructuring, shifting power dynamics in favor of employers and enabling change. The results of this study indicate that restructuring led to vague role descriptions, which affected work identity, job security and attractiveness of work. The study highlights the tension between job security and preservation of work identity, showing that while changes in work roles can provide job security, they also alter the context upon which work identity is built. This duality has created dilemmas for employees, forcing them to accept changes in work identity or jeopardizing job security. The study also emphasizes how restructuring risk affecting career opportunities, work roles, hierarchical levels and turnover intentions.

Cellulose is a renewable, biodegradable material whose functionality can be enhanced by chemical modification. Conventional cationization relies on organic solvents and yields low substitution, whereas deep eutectic solvents (DESs) offer a greener alternative.

In this thesis, an environmentally friendly DES-based approach was applied to produce cationized dialdehyde cellulose and to evaluate its performance as a wet-end additive and as a paper coating. The modified cellulose significantly improved hand-sheet strength without negatively affecting dewatering and retained its performance when synthesized using recycled DES, demonstrating solvent reusability. As a coating material, cationized dialdehyde cellulose formed dense films with improved mechanical and air barrier properties.

To further enhance additive performance, two pretreatment strategies, enzymatic treatment and cold alkaline dissolution–precipitation, were applied to increase the reactivity of the starting pulp and thereby improve the charge density of the cellulose derivatives.

 In addition, hornification, a phenomenon that negatively affects pulp reactivity, was investigated. Drying experiments on swollen cellulose showed that freeze-drying and glycerol-drying mitigate hornification, whereas air-drying intensifies it. For air-dring method, solvent exchange prior to drying reduced hornification. The results indicate that water-mediated hydrogen bonding dominates the hornification mechanism, which is strongly influenced by solvent polarity and molecular weight.

Overall, this work demonstrates that combining green solvents, targeted pretreatments, and controlled drying strategies can substantially enhance cellulose reactivity and functionalization. These findings broaden cellulose applications from papermaking additives to bio-based barrier coatings and support efforts to replace petroleum-based plastics with renewable materials.