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  • 1.
    Bengtsson, Dennis
    et al.
    Halmstad University.
    Landberg, Åsa
    Ersta Sköndal Bräcke University College.
    Jernbro, Carolina
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences (from 2013).
    Increased risk of child maltreatment and mental health problems among adolescents with restrictions regarding choice of future partner: Results from a Swedish school-based survey2022In: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, ISSN 1403-4948, E-ISSN 1651-1905, Vol. 50, no 8, p. 1071-1220Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Honour-related violence and oppression is a violation of human rights and a public health problem. Oppression can be manifested by not being allowed to choose future partners and can increase the risk of abuse and mental health problems. Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate associations between restrictions regarding choice of future partner (RCP), child maltreatment and mental health problems among adolescents in Sweden. Methods: The study was based on cross-sectional data, including a nationally representative sample of 4741 pupils from grade nine in primary school and second year in high school. Pearson's chi-square tests and binary logistical regression analyses adjusting for socio-demographic factors were conducted. Results: RCP was significantly associated to child maltreatment, including poly-victimisation, and mental health problems. In the adjusted analysis, an increased risk for all types of maltreatment, poly-victimisation (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 10.2, confidence interval (CI) 5.6-18.4), self-harm (aOR 1.9, CI 1.1-3.2) and suicide attempt (aOR 2.4, CI 1.3-4.7) were shown in adolescents exposed to RCP compared to non-exposed. Conclusions: There is an increased risk of child maltreatment including poly-victimisation and mental health problems among adolescents exposed to RCP compared to non-exposed. The study emphasizes the matter as a public health problem requiring immediate preventive measures to ensure the rights of children and adolescents.

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  • 2.
    Bonander, Carl
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences (from 2013).
    Beckman, Linda
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences (from 2013).
    Janson, Staffan
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences (from 2013).
    Jernbro, Carolina
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences (from 2013).
    Injury risks in schoolchildren with attention-deficit/hyperactivity or autismspectrumdisorder: Results from two school-based health surveys of 6- to 17-year-old children in Sweden2016In: Journal of Safety Research, ISSN 0022-4375, E-ISSN 1879-1247, Vol. 58, p. 49-56Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: Injuries are one of the leading causes of death and disability among children in Sweden and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has previously been associated with an increased risk of injury in pediatric populations elsewhere in the world. Current evidence regarding the possible link between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and injury risk appears limited, even though some potentially risk-increasing symptoms overlap. The purpose of this study was thus to study the association between both ADHD and ASD concerning the risk of injury among Swedish schoolchildren. Methods: Two samples were used: a population based register study containing data from 18,416 children ranging from the ages of 6-17 years collected by school nurses during 2012/2014 (Survey A), and a national cross-sectional study of 3202 ninth-grade children (similar to 15 years old) collected from 92 schools in 2011 (Survey B). The data were analyzed using chi(2)-tests and log binomial generalized linear models to obtain risk ratios (RR), comparing cases reportedly affected by ADHD or ASD to unaffected controls. Results: After adjusting for confounders, ADHD was associated with a 65% increased risk of injury (RR 1.65 [95% CI: 132-2.05] in Survey A, and a 57% increased risk of injury (RR 1.57 [95% CI: 1.27-1.95]) in Survey B. ASD was not significantly associated with any differences in injury risk (RR 0.81 [95% CI: 0.57-1.14]). Conclusions: The results indicate that there is an elevated injury risk among Swedish schoolchildren with ADHD but not for children with ASD. Future studies should focus on causal mechanisms mediating the association between ADHD and injuries in order to facilitate injury prevention strategies. Practical applications: Parents and teachers of schoolchildren with ADHD should be made aware of the elevated injury risks associated with the diagnosis. Safety experts and injury control professionals should consider the development of specialized prevention strategies in order to reduce these risks.

  • 3.
    Bonander, Carl
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences (from 2013).
    Jernbro, Carolina
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Centre for Public Safety (from 2013).
    Does gender moderate the association between intellectual ability and accidental injuries?: Evidence from the 1953 Stockholm Birth Cohort study2017In: Accident Analysis and Prevention, ISSN 0001-4575, E-ISSN 1879-2057, Vol. 106, p. 109-114Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 4.
    Bonander, Carl
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences.
    Jernbro, Carolina
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences.
    Andersson, Ragnar
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Centre for Public Safety.
    Funktionsnedsättningar som riskfaktor för olycksfall och andra skador.2014Report (Other academic)
  • 5.
    Ellonen, Noora
    et al.
    Police Coll Finland, Tampere, Finland..
    Jernbro, Carolina
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences.
    Janson, Staffan
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences.
    Tindberg, Ylva
    Sormland Cty Council, Ctr Res & Dev, Eskilstuna, Sweden.;Uppsala Univ, Dept Womens & Childrens Hlth, Uppsala, Sweden..
    Lucas, Steven
    Uppsala Univ, Dept Womens & Childrens Hlth, Uppsala, Sweden..
    Current Parental Attitudes Towards Upbringing Practices in Finland and Sweden 30 Years after the Ban on Corporal Punishment2015In: Child Abuse Review, ISSN 0952-9136, E-ISSN 1099-0852, Vol. 24, no 6, p. 409-417Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Thirty years have now passed since Sweden and Finland, as the first countries in the world, enacted national legislation against corporal punishment. This study examines the current attitudes towards corporal punishment among Finnish and Swedish parents of newborn to 12-year-old children. Differences between the countries in parents' attitudes towards upbringing practices in relation to socio-demographic background factors were also analysed. The study was based on identical survey data collected separately in Finland and Sweden in 2011 and later merged for analysis. The survey included questions regarding parental behaviour and attitudes towards upbringing practices. Data were analysed using univariate tests (chi-2) and logistic regression. The analysis showed that a significantly larger proportion of Finnish parents approved of slapping or hitting their children compared to Swedish parents (OR = 6.20). Swedish parents, on the other hand, approved of shaking more than Finnish parents (OR = 0.54). Furthermore, a larger proportion of Finnish parents had positive attitudes towards non-violent types of punishments compared to Swedish parents. The socio-demographic background factors did not explain the differences between the countries. Cultural factors that may plausibly influence these attitudes are discussed. Copyright (c) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  • 6.
    Engh, Lisbet
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences (from 2013).
    Jernbro, Carolina
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences (from 2013).
    Lin, Ping-I
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences (from 2013).
    Bornehag, Carl-Gustaf
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences (from 2013).
    Eriksson, Ulla-Britt
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences (from 2013).
    Can school attachment modify the relation between foster care placement and school achievement?2018In: British Journal of School Nursing, ISSN 1752-2803, E-ISSN 2052-2827, Vol. 13, no 4, p. 175-185Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this research is to examine the relation between school attachment and school achievement and foster care placement.

    A cross-sectional study was carried out with data from 20 340 pupils in Sweden, aged 10, 13 and 16 years, 252 of the children were placed in foster care.

    Data on children's health, school attachment and school achievement were obtained from the Pupil Health Database.

    The results show that school achievement was significantly poorer for children in foster care than for other children, but only when they had low school attachment. When they had high school attachment, there was no difference in school achievement between the groups. Therefore, the results of this study suggests that school attachment could modify the relation between foster care placement and school achievement. The interaction effect was statistically significant after adjusting for age and sex. By promoting school attachment for children in foster care through creating supportive relations and a friendly school environment, the school achievement can be improved.

  • 7.
    Gustavsson, Johanna
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences (from 2013). Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Centre for Public Safety (from 2013).
    Jernbro, Carolina
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences (from 2013). Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Centre for Public Safety (from 2013).
    Nilson, Finn
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences (from 2013). Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Centre for Public Safety (from 2013).
    There is more to Life than Risk Avoidance: Elderly Peoples Perspectives of Falls and Compliant Flooring2018In: International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being, ISSN 1748-2623, E-ISSN 1748-2631, Vol. 13, no 1, p. 1-9, article id 1479586Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background. Falls are the most common cause of injury in all ages and are especiallydifficult to prevent among residential care residents. Compliant flooring has beenproposed as a measure to prevent fall-injury, however little is known regarding theimplementation aspects in clinical settings. The aim of this study was to explore thefrail elderly person's view on falls, the risk of fall-injury, prevention in general andspecifically compliant flooring as an injury preventative measure. Methods. In this qualitative study, we used the grounded theory method and conductedin depths interviews with eight elderly people in residential care.Results. The identified categories were Falling as a part of life, Fearing theconsequences and A wish to prevent falls and injuries. Through the results is was clearthat There is more to life than risk avoidance, permeated the interviews, thereforeforming the grounded theory. The interviewees viewed falls as something common andnormal, and were uninterested in focusing on the risk of falls. Although they wanted toprevent falls, it was often difficult to integrate preventative measures into their everydaylife. They embraced the idea of an injury reducing compliant flooring, but their maininterests lie elsewhere.Conclusions. The results in this paper propose explanations on the obstacles ofimplementing fall prevention measures in an elderly frail population. The findings cangive us insights as to why interest, compliance for active fall prevention measures arelow, and on various factors that have to be taken under consideration in the process ofconstructing prevention. Compliant flooring is a passive fall injury prevention measurethat does not require the target group to make active decisions, adapt or activelyparticipate in the program. Therefore, we conclude that complaint flooring, from theperspective of the residents, can work well in residential care.

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  • 8.
    Gustavsson, Johanna
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences (from 2013).
    Rahm, GullBritt
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences (from 2013).
    Jernbro, Carolina
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences (from 2013).
    Nilson, Finn
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences (from 2013).
    Effects of Impact-Absorbing Flooring in Residential Care from the Perspectives of Enrolled Nurses2017In: Journal of Housing for the Elderly, ISSN 0276-3893, E-ISSN 1540-353X, Vol. 31, no 4, p. 367-381Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Falls are a daily occurrence in nursing homes and few interventions for reducing fall-related injuries have proven to be effective. Impact absorbing flooring (IAF) in residential care has shown promising results in reducing fail-injuries and in the process of developing and implementing IAF all aspects are valuable to explore. Therefore, the aim of this qualitative study is to describe the enrolled nurses (ENs) experiences of IAF. We carried out focus group interviews with ENs and used content analysis to process the data. The ENs experienced both negative and positive aspects with the IAF. Importantly, the ENs perceived the IAF as effective in preventing fall-injuries. They also appreciated the improvements in acoustics. Negative aspects were that the flooring initially was challenging to walk on and that it made it harder to maneuver heavy equipment. A significant and transferable finding in this study was the importance of the ENs' perceived difficulty in preventing fall-injuries amongst elderly people living in nursing homes. This seemed to be a driving force to accept the intervention. Although IAF affects the working conditions in a nursing home, ENs are willing to accept these issues given the perceived effectiveness of the intervention.

  • 9.
    Ibsen, Hilde
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Political, Historical, Religious and Cultural Studies (from 2013).
    Engel-Hills, Penelope
    Cape Peninsula University of Technology, South Africa.
    Jernbro, Carolina
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences (from 2013).
    Structural violence and repertoires of resistance in South Africa2023In: Journal of Resistance Studies, ISSN 2001-9947, Vol. 9, no 1, p. 60-90Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    South Africa is listed as one of the most unequal societies in the world. Communities in this country face the aftermath of apartheid segregation, coupled with present neoliberal development strategies that impede socio-economic improvements and profound societal change. This has brought rise to high-risk areas where people experience societal neglect and, drawing on Johan Galtung’s work, we argue that this neglect constitutes structural violence, understood as something natural ‘as the air around us’ that upholds inequality and injustice. Within this context people are no longer willing to accept the status quo. Through ethnographic accounts, we explore over an extended time period how residents living in the particular community of Ocean View, on the Cape Peninsula, have developed repertoires of resistance, and how resistance tactics might impact on social change. The analysis reveals how variants of constructive and everyday resistance work together in parallel and overlap, and it also provides deep contextual understanding about how the dynamics between different types of resistance have the potential for generating short- and long-term outcomes. Our empirical findings suggest that short-term outcomes included heightened solidarity within the community; people contributed to the building of individual capacity, and put pressure on those in power to react to the issues of neglect. Outcomes related to long-term effects are more complex, although one important finding is that resistance contains imagination and hope for a desired future. Thereby, our article contributes to the empirical categories of resistance studies and the call for in-depth analysis of possible outcomes.

  • 10.
    Janson, Staffan
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences.
    Jernbro, Carolina
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences.
    Barnmisshandel: Den aktuella situationen i världen och i Sverige2013In: Barnläkaren, ISSN 1651-0534, Vol. 2013, no 5, p. 4-5Article in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 11.
    Janson, Staffan
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences.
    Jernbro, Carolina
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences.
    Långberg, Bodil
    Kroppslig bestraffning och annan kränkning av barn i Sverige: en nationell kartläggning 20112011Report (Other academic)
  • 12.
    Jernbro, Carolina
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences.
    Barnmisshandel ur barns och ungas perspektiv: Omfattning, hälsa, avslöjande och stöd2015Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Child abuse is a major public health problem which is largely hidden in the society.

    The main aim of the thesis was to study child maltreatment from children’s and young people’s perspectives focusing on prevalence, health, disclosure and support.

    The thesis is based on four studies. Quantitative and qualitative data from three national surveys of child maltreatment, including children in different age groups and young adults, have been analysed.

    The results showed that child maltreatment is prevalent and there is a large degree of overlap between maltreatment types. Neglect and witnessing intimate partner violence were the types that overlapped most with other types of maltreatment. Child maltreatment was strongly associated to psychosomatic symptoms and impaired quality of life. Young people who have been victims of child maltreatment described the psychological consequences, such as painful memories, low self-esteem and depression. The psychological abuse was described as particularly detrimental. Victims of sexual abuse expressed feelings of shame and guilt. About half of the severely abused children did not disclose the abuse, mainly because of lack of trust in adults. Many children felt that they did not receive adequate support when they disclosed the maltreatment, particularly because they experienced a lack of child perspective among professionals. Children and young people experienced positive support from the school health services which they considered to have a particularly important role in the detection and support of maltreated children. The results emphasize an increased awareness among professionals to recognise and respond to child maltreatment.

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  • 13.
    Jernbro, Carolina
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences (from 2013).
    CHILD MALTREATMENT FROM THE PERSPECTIVES OF CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE: PREVALENCE, HEALTH, DISCLOSURE AND SUPPORT2016In: Injury Prevention, ISSN 1353-8047, E-ISSN 1475-5785, Vol. 22, p. A159-A159Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 14.
    Jernbro, Carolina
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences (from 2013).
    Förekomst och konsekvenser av hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck2021In: Vad har högre utbildning med hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck att göra? / [ed] Marie Karlsson-Tuula, Karlstad: Karlstads universitet, 2021, p. 77-84Chapter in book (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck (HRV) är ett allvarligt globalt och nationellt folkhälsoproblem som bryter mot de mänskliga rättigheterna. Världshälsoorganisationen (WHO) har uppskattat att cirka 200 miljoner flickor och kvinnor världen över är könsstympade och att ungefär tre miljoner flickor i åldrarna 0-14 år könsstympas varje år (WHO 2020). Även tvångsgifte är vanligt i många delar av världen. År 2016 uppskattades 15,4 miljoner människor vara i tvångsäktenskap och av dessa var 88 procent av offren kvinnor och flickor. Drygt var tredje offer var under 18 år vid äktenskapet och av dessa var nästan hälften under 15 år vid äktenskapet. Det är vanligast med tvångsäktenskap i Afrika och Asien (ILO 2017). Flera studier har publicerats som pekar på att det är relativt vanligt med hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck även i Sverige och att förtrycket innebär allvarliga konsekvenser för individ och samhälle. Nedan presenteras majoriteten av de kartläggningar av hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck som genomförts iSverige. 

  • 15.
    Jernbro, Carolina
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences (from 2013).
    Våld mot barn i Sverige: en nationell kartläggning2023Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Stiftelsen Allmänna Barnhuset har på uppdrag av regeringen genomfört en kartläggning av våld mot barni Sverige. Under 2022 har elever från 9:an i grundskolan ochår 2 på gymnasiet svarat på frågor om utsatthet för våld underhela uppväxten. Resultaten bygger på vad eleverna själva valt attberätta. Eftersom delvis samma frågor ställts vid flera undersökningar går det att jämföra svaren med tidigare år. Studien släppsunder våren 2023.  

  • 16.
    Jernbro, Carolina
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences (from 2013).
    Andersson, Madeleine
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), FoU Välfärd Värmland (from 2013).
    Systematisk uppföljning i Värmland inom Ekonomiskt bistånd (SUVEk): Ett regionalt forsknings- och utvecklingsprojekt2021Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    SUVEk (Systematisk Uppföljning i Värmland inom Ekonomiskt bistånd) är ett forsknings- och utvecklingsprojekt inom FoU Välfärd Värmland med syfte att öka kunskapen om vilka bakgrundsfaktorer, behov och insatser som har samband med kortvarigt och långvarigt biståndsmottagande. Resultatet i denna rapport baseras på data från enkäter som handläggare från 14 kommuner har fyllt i för totalt 556 klienter som beviljats ekonomiskt bistånd för första gången under månaderna januari till och med april 2019. Dessa klienter har följts så länge som de mottagit ekonomiskt bistånd eller som längst till och med december 2020. 

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  • 17.
    Jernbro, Carolina
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences (from 2013). Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Centre for Public Safety (from 2013).
    Bonander, Carl
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Centre for Public Safety (from 2013). Göteborgs universitet.
    Beckman, Linda
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences (from 2013).
    The association between disability and unintentional injuries among adolescents in a general education setting: Evidence from a Swedish population-based school survey2020In: Disability and Health Journal, ISSN 1936-6574, E-ISSN 1876-7583, Vol. 13, p. 1-7, article id 100841Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Unintentional injuries are the leading cause of death among adolescents. Adolescents with disabilities may be particularly vulnerable with an increased risk of unintentional injuries. Objective: To study the association between a set of disabilities and unintentional injury risks among adolescents, accounting for comorbidity, subjective disability severity and sex. Method: Cross-sectional data from a Swedish national school survey including 4,741 students (15 and 17-year olds) conducted in 2016 was analyzed using log-binomial generalized linear models. Results: We found a 33% increased risk of injury the last 12 months and a 53% increased risk of injury leading to hospitalization for adolescents with any disability compared to their peers with no disability. The differences in injury risk were greater for girls than boys. There was a dose-response relationship between disability severity and injury risk. In analyses adjusted for sociodemographic factors and comorbidity, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and epilepsy were associated with an increased risk of injury the last 12 months, risk ratios [RR] were 1.41 (95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.08–2.97) and 1.79 (95% CI 1.10–1.81) respectively. Autism spectrum disorder was associated with a decreased injury risk the last 12 months (RR = 0.43, CI 0.2–0.92). ADHD, mobility impairment and visual impairment were associated with hospitalization due to injury during lifetime. Conclusions: There was an increased risk of unintentional injuries for adolescents with disabilities compared to their non-disabled peers, specifically for individuals with ADHD, epilepsy, visual impairment and mobility impairment. Injury prevention strategies may include adapting the physical environment and medical treatment.

  • 18.
    Jernbro, Carolina
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences (from 2013).
    Forkby, Torbjörn
    Linnaeus University, Sweden.
    Risk- och skyddsfaktorer för barns utveckling utifrån ett socioekologiskt perspektiv2023In: Prevention med barn och unga: Teori och praktik för socialt och pedagogiskt arbete / [ed] Torbjörn Forkby, Sofia Enell, Johanna Thulin, Lund, Sweden: Studentlitteratur AB, 2023, 1st, p. 77-98Chapter in book (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    I kapitlet görs en genomgång av vilka skyddande faktorer samt vilka riskfaktorer som är viktiga att uppmärksamma i det preventiva arbetet med barn och unga. Här anläggs ett socialekologiskt systemperspektiv på barns uppväxt. 

  • 19.
    Jernbro, Carolina
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences (from 2013).
    Janson, Staffan
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences (from 2013).
    Bornehag, Carl-Gustaf
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences (from 2013).
    Barns liv och hälsa i Värmland 20142015Report (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
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    Barns liv och hälsa i Värmland 2014
  • 20.
    Jernbro, Carolina
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences.
    Janson, Staffan
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences.
    Eriksson, Ulla-Britt
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences.
    Young adult's personal views on childabuse2010In: Nordic Journal of Social Research, E-ISSN 1892-2783, Vol. 1, p. 1-16Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 21.
    Jernbro, Carolina
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences (from 2013).
    Landberg, Åsa
    Thulin, Johanna
    Linnaeus University, Sweden.
    Våld mot barn 2022: en nationell kartläggning2023Report (Other academic)
  • 22.
    Jernbro, Carolina
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences (from 2013).
    Otterman, Gabriel
    Uppsala universitet.
    Tindberg, Ylva
    Uppsala universitet.
    Lucas, Steven
    Uppsala universitet.
    Janson, Staffan
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences (from 2013).
    Disclosure of maltreatment and perceived adult support among Swedish adolescents2017In: Child Abuse Review, ISSN 0952-9136, E-ISSN 1099-0852, Vol. 26, no 6, p. 451-464Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Compared to child sexual abuse (CSA), little is known about disclosure of child physical abuse (CPA). Enhancing the understanding of the characteristics of disclosure is necessary for improved child protection. The aim of the present study was to examine disclosure of CPA and perceived adult support using both quantitative and qualitative data from a survey of child maltreatment carried out among a nationally representative sample of Swedish adolescents (n = 3202). We found that adolescents who experienced any child maltreatment (CPA, emotional abuse, neglect and witnessing intimate partner violence) were less likely to be able to identify an adult confidant compared to those without a history of abuse. Among the adolescents who reported severe CPA, 52 per cent had disclosed the abuse and the most frequent recipient of disclosure was a peer or sibling. Eleven per cent had disclosed to professionals within school, child protective services or law enforcement. Lack of trust in adults appeared to be the most prominent reason for non- disclosure. Several adolescents who had disclosed abuse to professionals perceived an ineffective response, primarily because of professionals' lack of a child perspective. Some respondents experienced supportive interventions, specifically from school social workers. These patterns showed close similarity to disclosure of CSA.

  • 23.
    Jernbro, Carolina
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences.
    Svensson, Birgitta
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences.
    Tindberg, Y
    Uppsala universitet.
    Janson, Staffan
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences.
    Multiple psychosomatic symptoms can indicate child physical abuse: results from a study of Swedish schoolchildren2012In: Acta Paediatrica, ISSN 0803-5253, E-ISSN 1651-2227, Vol. 101, no 3, p. 324-9Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    AIM:

    To examine whether children with self-reported experiences of either physical abuse alone or combined with intimate partner violence report more psychosomatic symptoms than other children and to explore whether these possible associations are enhanced by school-related factors, chronic condition and demographic factors.

    METHODS:

    A national cross-sectional study of 2771 pupils in grades 4, 6 and 9 from 44 schools in Sweden was carried out in 2006 (91% response rate). Data were analysed with univariate tests (chi-square), multiple logistic regression analyses and stratified logistic regression analyses, expressed as crude odds ratio (OR) and adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals.

    RESULTS:

    There was a strong association between reported physical abuse and multiple (three or more) psychosomatic symptoms among schoolchildren (AOR 2.12). Chronic condition was the only determinant that had an obvious enhancing effect on the association between physical abuse and psychosomatic symptoms in childhood.

    CONCLUSION:

    This study shows that multiple psychosomatic symptoms are associated with child physical abuse. Health professionals therefore need to pay special attention to schoolchildren who complain about the co-occurrence of psychosomatic symptoms and pattern of symptoms, which could not be easily explained by other causes.

  • 24.
    Jernbro, Carolina
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences (from 2013).
    Thulin, Johanna
    Linnaeus University, Sweden.
    Föräldraskap, våld och stöd: En nationell kartläggning2023Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Stiftelsen Allmänna Barnhuset har på uppdrag av regeringen genomfört en enkätundersökning om föräldraskap, våld och stöd riktad till ett nationellt slumpmässigt urval av föräldrar i Sverige. Av 4000 tillfrågade föräldrar var det 985 föräldrar som har svarat på frågor om våld mot sitt barn inklusive försummelse, partnervåld, attityder till våld i uppfostringssyfte samt frågor om ekonomi, hälsa och föräldraskap. De har även svarat på frågor om covid-19 pandemin påverkat deras föräldraskap. Resultaten visar att föräldrars positiva attityder till fysiska bestraffningar av barn har minskat avsevärt över tid. I denna studie uppgav endast en förälder att det var okej att slå ett barn och två personer rapporterade att det var okej att hota att slå ett barn. Nästan var fjärde förälder uppgav dock att de utsatt barnet för någon form av våld inklusive försummelse det senaste året. Psykiskt våld och emotionell försummelse var de vanligaste formerna av våld. Vidare visar resultaten att cirka 16 procent av föräldrarna, majoriteten kvinnor, hade varit utsatta för fysiskt och/eller psykiskt våld i nära relation. Resultaten visar också att majoriteten av föräldrarna kände sig trygga i föräldrarollen, men var femte upplevde ett behov av professionellt stöd i sitt föräldraskap. En knapp tredjedel av föräldrarna uppgav att relationen till barnet hade påverkats av pandemin där hälften tyckte att det varit mer utmanande, främst på grund av restriktionerna som gjort att barnet inte kunnat delta i fritidsaktiviteter eller att barnet varit tvungen att vara hemma från förskolan vid lindriga förkylningssymtom. Den andra hälften uppgav att relationen med barnet blivit bättre på grund av mer tid tillsammans i familjen. Alla barn har rätt till goda uppväxtförhållanden och det är barnets föräldrar som har ansvar för att barnets behov tillgodoses genom hela uppväxten. Att stödja föräldrar i föräldraskapet genom barnets hela liv är en viktig del i det förebyggande arbetet mot våld. 

  • 25.
    Jernbro, Carolina
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences (from 2013).
    Tindberg, Ylva
    Uppsala universitet.
    Janson, Staffan
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences (from 2013). Uppsala universitet.
    High risk of severe child abuse and poly-victimisation in families with parental substance misuse: results from a swedish school-based survey2022In: Child Abuse Review, ISSN 0952-9136, E-ISSN 1099-0852, Vol. 31, no 3, article id e2741Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Child abuse is a widespread public health problem, potentially leading to long-term consequences for the exposed individuals and society. By learning more about the major risk factors, child abuse can be prevented. The objective of this study was to examine the pattern and severity of maltreatment in adolescents reporting parental alcohol and/or other drug problems. Cross-sectional data from a Swedish national school survey including 4,741 pupils (15- and 17-year-olds) conducted in 2016 were analysed using univariate tests (chi-squared) and binomial logistic regression models. Results showed that parental alcohol or other drug misuse, reported by the adolescents, was significantly associated with all types of child maltreatment. There was a particularly increased risk of severe child abuse, including witnessing recurrent physical intimate partner violence (adjusted odds ratio (adj. OR) 11.01; confidence interval (CI) 6.61-18.35) and poly-victimisation (adj. OR 7.82; CI 5.50-11.13), in families with parental alcohol and/or other drug problems compared to families without these problems. These results call for preventive measures, such as restrictive alcohol and drug policies, and early recognition of alcohol or other drug misuse among parents. In addition, professionals working with children and with substance-using parents need to identify and support these children.

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  • 26.
    Jernbro, Carolina
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences.
    Tindberg, Ylva
    Uppsala universitet.
    Lucas, Steven
    Uppsala universitet.
    Janson, Staffan
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences.
    Quality of life among Swedish school children who experienced multitype child maltreatment2015In: Acta Paediatrica, ISSN 0803-5253, E-ISSN 1651-2227, Vol. 104, no 3, p. 320-325Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    AIM:The aim of this study was to examine the overlap between child maltreatment types and their association with quality of life among school children.

    METHODS:A national cross-sectional study of 3202 grade nine Swedish pupils of 15 years of age was carried out in 2011 with an 84% response rate. Data were analysed using Pearson chi-square and multiple linear regression analyses.

    RESULTS:Of the total sample, 650 children (20%) reported at least one type of maltreatment. There was a large degree of overlap between maltreatment types. In particular, neglect and witnessing intimate partner violence overlapped with most other types of maltreatment. There was a significant relationship between the degree of abuse and multitype maltreatment. Results showed a linear relationship between the number of types of maltreatment and quality of life (p < 0.001), indicating a dose-response relationship.

    CONCLUSION:The results emphasise the negative impact of child maltreatment on children's lives and highlight the importance of taking the broad spectrum of child maltreatment into account in both research and practice. A more comprehensive assessment of the width of maltreatment among professionals may help to identify the most seriously maltreated children and lead to an improved ability to target intervention and prevention at these children.

  • 27.
    Koivula, Tanja
    et al.
    The Foundation for Disabled Children and Youth, Finland.
    Ellonen, Noora
    University of Tampere, Finland.
    Janson, Staffan
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences (from 2013).
    Jernbro, Carolina
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences (from 2013).
    Huhtala, Heini
    University of Tampere, Finland.
    Paavilainen, Eija
    University of Tampere, Finland; South Ostrobothnia Hospital District, Finland.
    Psychological and physical violence towards children with disabilities in Finland and Sweden2018In: Journal of Child Health Care, ISSN 1367-4935, E-ISSN 1741-2889, Vol. 22, no 3, p. 317-331Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This article describes psychological aggression and physical violence by Swedish and Finnish mothers (N = 3420) towards their 0- to 12-year-old children with disabilities (N = 286) by comparing such behaviour with the mothers of children without disabilities (N = 3134). The survey data are based on representative samples from Finland and Sweden of mothers’ reports of their behaviour towards their child in conflict situations. Mothers of children with disabilities reported more psychological aggression towards their child than did mothers of children without disabilities. Mothers used psychological aggression, especially towards children with neurological/psychological disabilities. However, the only significant difference regarding physical violence was repetitive use of mild physical violence. Overall, the analysis suggests that children with neurological/psychological disabilities are more exposed to both psychological and physical violence than children without disabilities or children with somatic/developmental disabilities.

  • 28.
    Larsson, Malin
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences.
    Moniruzzaman, Syed
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences.
    Bornehag, Carl-Gustaf
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences.
    Jernbro, Carolina
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences.
    von Kobyletzki, Laura
    Carlstedt, Fredrik
    PVC-flooring in early childhood and diagnosis of autism 10 years later2011Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 29.
    Lucas, Steven
    et al.
    Uppsala Universitet.
    Jernbro, Carolina
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences (from 2013).
    Försummelse av barn: ett försummat problem2014In: Läkartidningen, ISSN 0023-7205, E-ISSN 1652-7518, Vol. 111, no 47, p. 1-3Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Although neglect is the most common form of child maltreatment in the home, it has received relatively little attention in both research and medical practice. Up to one in six children in the western world experience physical or psychological neglect during their upbringing. Severe neglect is associated with anatomical and physiological changes in the brain that in turn are coupled to cognitive impairment, impulsivity, and disturbances in concentration and social behavior. Reducing the risk of neglect requires the provision of preventive interventions at the individual and societal level, both universally and targeted to parents and children in need of special support. Health care services can play a key role in the prevention and early detection of neglect in childhood.

  • 30.
    Lucas, Steven
    et al.
    Uppsala Univ, Dept Womens & Childrens Hlth, S-75185 Uppsala, Sweden..
    Jernbro, Carolina
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences.
    Tindberg, Ylva
    Uppsala Univ, Dept Womens & Childrens Hlth, S-75185 Uppsala, Sweden..
    Janson, Staffan
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences. Uppsala Univ, Dept Womens & Childrens Hlth, S-75185 Uppsala, Sweden..
    Bully, bullied and abused. Associations between violence at home and bullying in childhood2016In: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, ISSN 1403-4948, E-ISSN 1651-1905, Vol. 44, no 1, p. 27-35Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aims: The aim was to examine experiences of bullying among Swedish adolescents and whether victims and perpetrators were also exposed to violence in the home, with particular focus on how abuse severity affected the risk of exposure to bullying. Methods: A nationally representative sample of pupils aged 14-15 responded to a questionnaire exploring exposure to corporal punishment and other types of violence. Results were analysed using Pearson's chi-square and multiple logistic regression, adjusting for factors regarding the child, the parents and the families' socioeconomic status. Results: Among the 3197 respondents, a significant proportion reported at least one incident of either bullying victimisation (girls 36%, boys 26%) or bullying perpetration (girls 24%, boys 36%). Physical and emotional violence in the home, including witnessed intimate partner violence, were significantly associated with both bullying victimisation and bullying perpetration. Odds ratios for exposure to bullying rose with increasing frequency and severity of abuse. Adjusted odds ratios ranged from 1.6 for any event of abuse vs. single episodes of bullying to 20.3 for multiple types of abuse vs. many episodes of bullying. The child's gender and the presence of a chronic health condition were consistently associated with nearly all levels of abuse and bullying. Conclusions: Bullying experiences are common among youth and are clearly associated with abuse. Frequent bullying, whether as victim or perpetrator, warrants particular vigilance, as it appears to be an indicator of severe violence in the home.

  • 31.
    Thulin, Johanna
    et al.
    Linnaeus University, Sweden.
    Jernbro, Carolina
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences (from 2013).
    När ett barn varit utsatt för våld: Föräldrars berättelser om våldets konsekvenser och vägen till stödinsats2023Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Stiftelsen Allmänna Barnhuset har på uppdrag av regeringen genomfört en intervjustudie med föräldrar till barn som varit utsatta för våld. Syftet med studien var att undersöka erfarenheter av stöd till våldsutsatta barn och deras familjer utifrån ett föräldraperspektiv. I studien deltog 14 föräldrar och intervjuerna handlade om hur vägen till stöd sett ut, vad stödet innehållit och hur föräldrarna uppfattat barnets mående. Barnen hade varit utsatta för våld av en jämnårig, en partner till föräldern eller av en förälder. Några barn hade varit utsatta för fysiskt våld riktat direkt mot dem och/eller mot en förälder medan andra var utsatta för sexuella övergrepp. Våldet kan ha fått olika konsekvenser för barnen där några barn har drabbats av ångestattacker, sömnsvårigheter, självskadebeteende, ätstörningar och svårigheter att hantera skolan. Föräldrarnas röster visar en ojämlik tillgång till stöd för våldsutsatta barn. Många gånger är tillgången till stöd beroende av förälderns insats men flera föräldrar uppger att de saknar kunskap om var de kan söka stöd för sitt barn. Det kan resultera i mångåriga kamper för att erhålla stöd för barnet, men kan också innebära att föräldern får göra olika uppoffringar i sin vardag för att möta barnets behov. Intervjuerna visar en tydlig bild av att föräldrar söker ett mer synligt stöd för sina barn där professionella som möter våldsutsatta barn i olika sammanhang ska ha kunskap om vart de kan hänvisa familjen för rätt insats. Vidare önskar föräldrarna att stödet är holistiskt utformat så det ser till hela familjens behov. Föräldrarna vill ha kunskap om hur de ska möta sitt barn på bästa sätt. Föräldrarnas röster bidrar med kunskap om hur stöd till familjer där våld mot barn förekommit kan förbättras.

  • 32.
    Tindberg, Ylva
    et al.
    Uppsala universitet.
    Janson, Staffan
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences (from 2013).
    Jernbro, Carolina
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences (from 2013).
    Unintentional Injuries Are Associated with Self-Reported Child Maltreatment among Swedish Adolescents2023In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, ISSN 1661-7827, E-ISSN 1660-4601, Vol. 20, no 7, article id 5263Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Injuries constitute a large share of childhood morbidity and mortality. This study examines whether adolescents with self-reported experiences of different types of child maltreatment more frequently reported unintentional injury events requiring health- or dental care during the last year and/or hospitalization at any time during childhood. Cross-sectional data from a Swedish national representative school survey (2016) including 4741 adolescents were used (78.5% response rate). Data were analyzed with univariate tests and multiple logistic regression. Statistically significant associations between reported experiences of physical, psychological and sexual abuse, neglect, and witnessing partner violence during childhood and reported unintentional injuries requiring health- or dental care during the last year were found (aOR:s between 1.39-1.77). The corresponding association for poly-victimization was aOR 1.91 (95% CI 1.39-2.62). Furthermore, a linear-by-linear association was seen for degree of victimization and number of episodes of unintentional injuries that required care in the last year (p = 0.000), as well as lifetime hospitalizations (p = 0.000). This study shows significant associations between child maltreatment and unintentional injuries requiring health- and/or dental care and hospitalization. To improve both injury and child maltreatment prevention, healthcare professionals need to pay particular attention to children and adolescents who repeatedly seek healthcare services due to injurious events.

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