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  • 301.
    Beckerle, Matthias
    et al.
    Telecooperation Group (TK), Technische Universität Darmstadt.
    Martucci, Leonardo
    Telecooperation Group (TK), Technische Universität Darmstadt.
    Ries, Sebastian
    Telecooperation Group (TK), Technische Universität Darmstadt.
    Mühlhäuser, Max
    Telecooperation Group (TK), Technische Universität Darmstadt.
    Interactive Rule Learning for Access Control: Concepts and Design2011Ingår i: International Journal on Advances in Intelligent Systems, ISSN 1942-2679, E-ISSN 1942-2679, Vol. 4, nr 3-4, s. 234-244Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Nowadays the majority of users are unable toproperly configure security mechanisms mostly because theyare not usable for them. To reach the goal of having usable security mechanisms, the best solution is to minimize the amount of user interactions and simplify configuration tasks. Automation is a proper solution for minimizing the amount of user interaction. Fully automated security systems are possible for most security objectives, with the exception ofthe access control policy generation. Fully automated accesscontrol policy generation is currently not possible because individual preferences must be taken into account and, thus, requires user interaction. To address this problem we proposea mechanism that assists users to generate proper accesscontrol rule sets that reflect their individual preferences. We name this mechanism Interactive Rule Learning for AccessControl (IRL). IRL is designed to generate concise rule setsfor Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC). The resulting approach leads to adaptive access control rule sets that can be used for so called smart products. Therefore, we first describe the requirements and metrics for usable access control rulesets for smart products. Moreover, we present the design of asecurity component which implements, among other security functionalities, our proposed IRL on ABAC. This design is currently being implemented as part of the ICT 7th Framework Programme SmartProducts of the European Commission.

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  • 302.
    Beckman, Claes
    et al.
    KTH, Center for Wireless Systems.
    Garcia, Johan
    Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), Institutionen för matematik och datavetenskap (from 2013).
    Alfredsson, Stefan
    Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), Institutionen för matematik och datavetenskap (from 2013).
    Brunström, Anna
    Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), Institutionen för matematik och datavetenskap (from 2013).
    On the Impact of Velocity on the Train-to-Earth MIMO Propagation Channel: Statistical Observations and Qualitative Analysis2017Ingår i: 2017 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation & USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting, IEEE, 2017, s. 1865-1866Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    We provide measured data collected from 97 trains completing over 7000 journeys in Sweden showing that the throughput over LTE is impacted by train velocity. In order to explain these observations we assume that the underlying causes can be found in the implementation of the MIMO system into LTE Rel. 8 and the diffuse scattering of signals from ground reflections.

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  • 303.
    Behrenfors, Louise
    et al.
    Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), Institutionen för matematik och datavetenskap (from 2013).
    Norlén, Kevin
    Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), Institutionen för matematik och datavetenskap (from 2013).
    Progressiv webbapplikation med bildigenkänning2020Självständigt arbete på grundnivå (yrkesexamen), 10 poäng / 15 hpStudentuppsats (Examensarbete)
    Abstract [sv]

    Allt fler personer i Sverige har tillgång till både Internet och smarttelefoner i en större utsträckning än någonsin förr. Det finns applikationer för det mesta, som tränings-, spel- och nyhetsappar. Utefter detta och vår samtids ökade fokus på miljön och återvinning valdes målet med detta projekt, en progressiv webbapplikation som använder sig av bildigenkänning med hjälp av maskininlärning som ska underlätta för människor att sortera och återvinna sina hushållsavfall.

    Slutresultatet är en applikation som kan köras likvärdigt på de flesta enheter (mobil, pc, surfplattor etc.), oavsett vilken modell eller vilket operativsystem den har. Applikatio- nen används för att identifiera hushållsavfall genom en bildigenkänningstjänst. Denna rapport behandlar de teknologier som använts för att bygga applikationen och implementationsprocessen av den. Slutligen diskuterar vi resultatet av utvecklingen och några utvalda personer fick testa appen, svara på några frågor och säga vad de tyckte.

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  • 304.
    Bellalta, Boris
    et al.
    Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona 08018, Spain.
    Bononi, Luciano
    Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
    Bruno, Raffaele
    Institute for Informatics and Telematics (IIT), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Pisa 56124, Italy.
    Kassler, Andreas
    Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för ekonomi, kommunikation och IT, Avdelningen för datavetenskap. Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för ekonomi, kommunikation och IT, Centrum för HumanIT.
    Next generation IEEE 802.11 Wireless Local Area Networks: Current status, future directions and open challenges2016Ingår i: Computer Communications, ISSN 0140-3664, E-ISSN 1873-703X, Vol. 75, s. 1-25Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    A new generation of Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) will make its appearance in the market in the forthcoming years based on the amendments to the IEEE 802.11 standards that have recently been approved or are under development. Examples of the most expected ones are IEEE 802.11aa (Robust Audio Video Transport Streaming), IEEE 802.11ac (Very-high throughput at < 6 GHz), IEEE 802.11af (TV White Spaces) and IEEE 802.11ah (Machine-to-Machine communications) specifications. The aim of this survey is to provide a comprehensive overview of these novel technical features and the related open technical challenges that will drive the future WLAN evolution. In contrast to other IEEE 802.11 surveys, this is a use case oriented study. Specifically, we first describe the three key scenarios in which next-generation WLANs will have to operate. We then review the most relevant amendments for each of these use cases focusing on the additional functionalities and the new technologies they include, such as multi-user MIMO techniques, groupcast communications, dynamic channel bonding, spectrum databases and channel sensing, enhanced power saving mechanisms and efficient small data transmissions. We also discuss the related work to highlight the key issues that must still be addressed. Finally, we review emerging trends that can influence the design of future WLANs, with special focus on software-defined MACs and the internet-working with cellular systems.

  • 305.
    Bellström, Peter
    Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för ekonomi, kommunikation och IT, Avdelningen för informatik och projektledning.
    A Rule-Based Approach for the Recognition of Similarities and Differences in the Integration of Structural Karlstad Enterprise Modeling Schemata2010Ingår i: / [ed] Bommel, P. van, Hoppenbrouwers, S., Overbeek, S., Proper, E. & Barjis, J., Springer Netherlands, 2010, s. 177-189Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

                                                                                

    In this paper, we address the recognition of similarities and differences in schema integration while applying the notation in the Karlstad Enterprise Modeling approach. In doing so, we describe and present a set of “if -then” rules. In these rules, we make use of both concept name comparison and comparison of concept neighborhoods (their surroundings). Following the classification of schema matching approaches given by [26], the rules are classified as a composite schema-based matching approach. The rules should first of all be viewed as a step towards a semi-automatic method for the recognition of similarities and differences in the integration of structural Karlstad Enterprise Modeling schemata. By applying the proposed rules, several problems, such as homonyms and synonyms, might be recognized that otherwise could pass unnoticed.

                                       

  • 306.
    Bellström, Peter
    Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för humaniora och samhällsvetenskap (from 2013), Handelshögskolan.
    A Semi-Automatic Approach for the Integration of Structural Karlstad Enterprise Modeling Schemata2014Ingår i: Advances in the human side of service engineering, USA: AHFE conference , 2014, s. 13-24Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    In this paper, we describe and discuss a semi-automatic approach for the integration of structural Karlstad Enterprise Modeling (EM) Schemata. The focus is on the implementation-independent level and therefore we treat an EM schema as a high-level description of data for some part of the future information system. Our point of departure is the classic four-phase integration process comprised of pre-integration, comparison of the schemata, conforming the schemata and, merging and restructuring. In relation to the semi-automatic approach described and discussed, we argue that several rules and knowledge repositories should be used to facilitate the whole integration process. However, it is also argued that the domain experts are still a very important source of knowledge and should therefore also be involved during the whole integration process. The research approach is inspired by design science in which the end product should be a useful artifact. In this paper, the artifact is provided in the described semi-automatic approach for the integration of Structural Karlstad EM schemata. As its main contribution, the paper offers a holistic view of the described and discussed semi-automatic approach for the integration of structural Karlstad EM schemata.

  • 307.
    Bellström, Peter
    Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för ekonomi, kommunikation och IT, Avdelningen för informatik och projektledning.
    Aspects of the Classification Dependency in the Integration of Structural Karlstad Enterprise Modelling Schemata2012Ingår i: ECIS 2012 Procedeeings, 2012Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    In this paper, we address the classification dependency used to illustrate that one concept is an instance-of another concept. In doing so, we present four important aspects of the classification dependency in the integration of implementation-neutral Karlstad Enterprise Modelling schemata. First and second, the classification dependency can be used not only to recognise and resolve power types but also to recognise and resolve homonyms. Third, in inference rules, the classification dependency can be used to deduce both new concepts and dependencies from already existing ones. Fourth, the classification dependency can be used to counter the occurrence of semantic loss and maintain the vocabulary used in the source schemata. The classification dependency can even be used to semantically enrich the integrated conceptual schema. The four aspects of the classification dependency should also be viewed as important aspects to take into account during the development of a semi-automatic method for the integration of implementation-neutral structural EM schemata. Finally, by applying the classification dependency, several problems, such as power types and homonyms, might be recognised that otherwise could pass unnoticed in the integration process.

  • 308.
    Bellström, Peter
    Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för ekonomi, kommunikation och IT, Avdelningen för informatik och projektledning.
    Bridging the Gap between Comparison and Conforming the Views in View Integration2006Ingår i: Local Proceedings of the 10th East-European Conference on Advances in Databases and Information Systems / [ed] Manolopoulos, Y., Pokorný, J. & Sellis, T., 2006, s. 184-199Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    View integration is a complex, error-prone and time-consuming task.Therefore there is a need to decompose the integration methods into smallerwell defined phases where different techniques are applied. Most of themethods used today is composed of, or at least is a mixture of, the followingfour phases: pre-integration, comparison of the views, conforming the viewsand merging and restructuring, and most of the methods put focus on phase 2and 3. Despite of this there is a gap between these two phases. To bridge thisgap a framework has been developed. In the framework Inference Rules (IR)are used, together with Enterprise Modeling (EM) as the canonical modelinglanguage, to deduce dependencies that are not conflicting from dependenciesthat are or have been identified as an inter-schema property. Three researchquestions regarding why, how and when IR should be applied in viewintegration are analyzed and discussed and it is argued that the framework maynot only improve view integration as such but also improve the applied conflictand inter-schema resolution techniques.

  • 309.
    Bellström, Peter
    Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för ekonomi, kommunikation och IT, Avdelningen för informatik och projektledning.
    On the Problem of Semantic Loss in View Integration2009Ingår i: Information Systems Development Challenges in Practice, Theory, and Education, 2009, s. 963-974Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
  • 310.
    Bellström, Peter
    Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för ekonomi, kommunikation och IT, Avdelningen för informatik och projektledning.
    Schema Integration: How to Integrate Static and Dynamic Database Schemata2010Doktorsavhandling, sammanläggning (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
    Abstract [en]

    Schema integration is the task of integrating several local schemata into one global database schema. It is a complex, error-prone and time consuming task. Problems arise in recognizing and resolving problems, such as differences and similarities, between two schemata. Problems also arise in integrating static and dynamic schemata. In this thesis, three research topics are addressed: Maintaining Vocabulary in Schema Integration, Integration of Static Schemata and Integration of Static and Dynamic Schemata, while applying the notation in the Enterprise Modeling approach.

    In Maintaining Vocabulary in Schema Integration an analysis of what semantic loss is and why it occurs in schema integration is conducted. Semantic loss is a problem that should be avoided because both concepts and dependencies might be lost. In the thesis, it is argued that concepts and dependencies should be retained as long as possible in the schemata. This should facilitate user involvement since the users’ vocabulary is retained even after resolving similarities and differences between two schemata.

    In Integration of Static Schemata two methods are developed. These methods facilitate recognition and resolution of similarities and differences between two conceptual database schemata.  By applying the first method, problems between two schemata can be recognized that otherwise could pass unnoticed; by applying the second method, problems can be resolved without causing semantic loss by retaining concepts and dependencies in the schemata.

    In Integration of Static and Dynamic Schemata a method on how to integrate static and dynamic schemata is developed. In the method, focus is put on pre- and post-conditions and how to map these to states and state changes in the database. By applying the method, states that are important for the database can be designed and integrated into the conceptual database schema. Also, by applying the method, active database rules can be designed and integrated into the conceptual database schema.

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  • 311.
    Bellström, Peter
    Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för ekonomi, kommunikation och IT, Avdelningen för informatik och projektledning.
    Using Enterprise Modeling for Identification and Resolution of Homonym Conflicts in View Integration2005Ingår i: Information Systems Development: Advances in Theory, Practice, and Education / [ed] Vasilecas, O., Caplinskas, A., Wojtkowski, W., Wojtkowski, W.G., Zupančič, J. & Wrycza, S., 2005, s. 265-276Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
  • 312.
    Bellström, Peter
    Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för ekonomi, kommunikation och IT, Avdelningen för informatik och projektledning.
    View Integration in Conceptual Database Design: Problems, Approaches and Solutions2006Licentiatavhandling, sammanläggning (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
    Abstract [en]

    View integration is a complex and time-consuming task because there are several problems that need to be addressed. Two such problems are conflict identification and conflict resolution. Conflicts occur because end users may define concepts on different levels of abstraction and because end users may name concepts differently. Therefore there is a need for methods that can cope with these problems when applying the chosen conceptual modeling language. The aim of this thesis is to develop a method for view integration in conceptual database design in which the dependencies of the Enterprise Modeling approach are applied. For this purpose four research studies have been conducted and each study is presented in one paper. In the first study the problem of semantic loss during view integration is addressed; in the second, the problems of identification and resolution of the homonym conflicts are addressed; in the third, the problem of how to define both databases and software components using Enterprise Modeling as a generic and integrated approach are addressed; and finally, in the fourth study, the problems of applying inference rules for conflict simplification or resolution and for interschema property simplification or resolution are addressed. These research studies together with the five introductory chapters contribute to answering the overall research question: In what way is view integration supported by applying the semantic dependencies of the Enterprise Modeling approach? In this thesis it is argued that using the dependencies of the Enterprise Modeling approach simplifies the view integration process and using the proposed resolution techniques for name conflicts reduces the possibility of semantic loss occurring.

  • 313.
    Bellström, Peter
    Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för humaniora och samhällsvetenskap (from 2013), Handelshögskolan (from 2013). Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för ekonomi, kommunikation och IT, Avdelningen för datavetenskap.
    What do page users ask about? A content analysis of page user posts on a local government Facebook page2017Ingår i: Information Systems Development: Advances in Methods, Tools and Management (ISD2017 Proceedings) / [ed] Paspallis, N., Raspopoulos, M., Barry, C., Lang, M., Linger, H., Schneider, C., Association for Information Systems, 2017Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
  • 314.
    Bellström, Peter
    et al.
    Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för ekonomi, kommunikation och IT, Avdelningen för informatik och projektledning.
    Carlsson, Sten
    Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för ekonomi, kommunikation och IT, Avdelningen för informatik och projektledning.
    Language Aspects of Conceptual Database Design2006Ingår i: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Action in Language, Organisations and Information Systems: Borås, Sweden, 1-2 November 2006 / [ed] Lind, M., Goldkuhl, G. & Hjalmarsson, A., Borås: University College of Borås , 2006, s. 211-223Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    We view the database as a part of a living language and therefore put focus on the dialectical relation between the spoken language and a database represented as a conceptual database schema. We assert that the discrepancy between the spoken language and a database needs to be addressed and minimized. Wealso assert that all concept names need to be retained as long as possible in conceptual database design because otherwise we may end up with a state of concept name compression and semantic loss

  • 315.
    Bellström, Peter
    et al.
    Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för ekonomi, kommunikation och IT, Avdelningen för informatik och projektledning.
    Carlsson, Sten
    Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för ekonomi, kommunikation och IT, Avdelningen för informatik och projektledning.
    Towards an Understanding of the Meaning and the Contents of a Database through Design and Reconstruction2004Ingår i: Information Systems Development: Advances in Theory, Practice and Education / [ed] Vasilecas, O., Caplinskas, A., Wojtkowski, W., Wojtkowski, W.G., Zupancic, J. & Wrycza, S., 2004, s. 283-293Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
  • 316.
    Bellström, Peter
    et al.
    Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för ekonomi, kommunikation och IT, Avdelningen för informatik och projektledning.
    Jakobsson, Lars
    Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för ekonomi, kommunikation och IT.
    Analyzing and Defining Active Database Rules on a Conceptual Level2009Ingår i: Proceedings of the Eight International Balric Conterence on Databases and Information Systems, Haav, 2009, s. 361-372Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
  • 317.
    Bellström, Peter
    et al.
    Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för ekonomi, kommunikation och IT, Avdelningen för datavetenskap.
    Jakobsson, Lars
    Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för ekonomi, kommunikation och IT, Avdelningen för datavetenskap.
    Towards a Generic and Integrated Enterprise Modeling Approach to Designing Databases and Software Components2006Ingår i: Advances in Information Systems Development: Bridging the Gap between Academia and Industry  / [ed] Anders G. Nilsson, Remigijus Gustas, Wita Wojtkowski, W. Gregory Wojtkowski, Stanisław Wrycza, Jože Zupančič, Boston: Springer , 2006, s. 635-646Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    In order to design databases and software components that are fulfilling the customers requirements, modeling languages that define them at a high level of abstraction are needed e.g. [2, 12, 15, 18]. Several modeling languages and methods have been proposed but most of them put focus on the implementation level and the technical parts of the future information system [15].

  • 318.
    Bellström, Peter
    et al.
    Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för ekonomi, kommunikation och IT, Avdelningen för informatik och projektledning.
    Kilbrink, Nina
    Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för teknik- och naturvetenskap, Materialvetenskap. Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för teknik- och naturvetenskap, Avdelningen för maskin- och materialteknik.
    Problem-Based Learning in a Programming Context: Planning and Executing A Pilot Survey on Database Access in a Programming Language2009Ingår i: Information Systems Development: Towards a Service Provision Society / [ed] Papadopoulos, G.A, Wojtkowski, G., Wojtkowski, W., Wrycza, S. & Zupancic, J. (eds.), Springer, 2009, s. 867-875Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    In this chapter we describe a pilot survey on applying problem-based learning (PBL) in an undergraduate programming course. During the course the students have applied PBL as a complement to traditional teaching and learning techniques. The PBL problem in this survey combines both knowledge about programming and knowledge about databases. We argue that to handle programming the students have to learn programming according to the deep approach to learning in order to be able to apply their knowledge in new programming situations and contexts. The result from this pilot survey indicates from both a tutor and a student perspective that PBL could be one method to reach a deeper understanding on how to access databases in a programming language.

  • 319.
    Bellström, Peter
    et al.
    Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för humaniora och samhällsvetenskap (from 2013), Handelshögskolan (from 2013).
    Kop, Christian
    Alpen-Adria-Universität Klagenfurt.
    Schema Quality Improving Tasks in the Schema Integration Process2014Ingår i: International Journal on Advances in Intelligent Systems, ISSN 1942-2679, E-ISSN 1942-2679, Vol. 7, nr 3&4, s. 468-481Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    In this article, we address quality in the schema integration process. More specifically, we focus on schema quality improving tasks in the schema integration process. In doing so we describe best practices found in literature used for conceptual modeling as such and apply these to schema integration tasks. Particularly, we address five tasks within the integration process that if used with best quality practices should improve the quality of the integrated schema. Within each best practice, we also address the usage of knowledge repositories to aid in the process of creating a high quality integrated schema. The five tasks are as follows: choosing the right integration strategy, choosing the right conflict resolution methods for the chosen level of abstraction, introducing interschema properties to improve and clarify dependencies, combining methods, approaches and guidelines to facilitate recognition of conflicts and finally restructuring. The main contribution is given in the terms of which best practices in conceptual modeling are combined with important integration tasks.

  • 320.
    Bellström, Peter
    et al.
    Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för ekonomi, kommunikation och IT, Avdelningen för informatik och projektledning.
    Kop, Christian
    Institute for Applied Informatics, Alpen-Adria Universität Klagenfurt.
    Towards a Framework for Schema Quality in the Schema Integration Process2012Ingår i: Emerging Topics in the Practice of Enterprise Modeling: 5th IFIP WG 8.1 Working Conference, PoEM 2012, Rostock, Germany, November 7-8, 2012, Short Paper Proceedings / [ed] Kurt Sandkuhl, Ulf Seigerroth, Janis Stirna, 2012, s. 60-71Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    In this paper we analyze and discuss schema quality in the schema integration process. In doing so, we apply a framework for evaluating the quality of a conceptual schema (e.g. conceptual database schema). In our analysis we combine quality factors and quality metrics with the schema integration process, which is often described as having four distinct phases: pre-integration, comparison of the schemata, conforming the schemata and merging and restructuring. As its main contribution, the paper offers not only new insights on how to improve the quality of the integration process but also a suggestion that the definition of a high quality schema differs between the phases in the schema integration process.

  • 321.
    Bellström, Peter
    et al.
    Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för humaniora och samhällsvetenskap (from 2013).
    Kop, Christian
    Towards Quality Driven Schema Integration Process Tasks2014Ingår i: The Sixth International Conference on Information, Process, and Knowledge Management / [ed] Conceição Granja, Norwegian Centre for Integrated Care and Telemedicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Norway Dirk Malzahn, OrgaTech GmbH, Germany, 2014, s. 98-104Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
  • 322.
    Bellström, Peter
    et al.
    Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för humaniora och samhällsvetenskap (from 2013), Handelshögskolan (from 2013).
    Magnusson, Monika
    Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för humaniora och samhällsvetenskap (from 2013), Handelshögskolan (from 2013).
    Pettersson, John Sören
    Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för humaniora och samhällsvetenskap (from 2013), Centrum för HumanIT (from 2013). Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för humaniora och samhällsvetenskap (from 2013), Handelshögskolan (from 2013).
    Thorén, Claes
    Uppsala University.
    Facebook Usage in a Local Government: A Content Analysis of Page Owner Posts and User Posts2016Ingår i: Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, ISSN 1750-6166, E-ISSN 1750-6174, Vol. 10, nr 4, s. 548-567Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
  • 323.
    Bellström, Peter
    et al.
    Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för ekonomi, kommunikation och IT, Avdelningen för informatik och projektledning.
    Molin, Lennart
    Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för ekonomi, kommunikation och IT, Avdelningen för informatik och projektledning. Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för ekonomi, kommunikation och IT, Centrum för HumanIT.
    An Explorative Study for Evaluating 'Scratch': A Tool for Learning Programming2011Ingår i: / [ed] Niedrite, L., Strazdina, R. & Wangler, B., 2011, s. 208-215Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
  • 324.
    Bellström, Peter
    et al.
    Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för humaniora och samhällsvetenskap (from 2013), Handelshögskolan (from 2013).
    Persson, Erik
    Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), Centrum för klimat och säkerhet (from 2013).
    Magnusson, Monika
    Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för humaniora och samhällsvetenskap (from 2013), Handelshögskolan (from 2013).
    Elaborating requirements for a digital crisis training tool: Findings from a pilot study2019Ingår i: Proceedings of ISD2019, 2019Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Crisis preparedness is of great importance to many actors in society. Maintaining crisis preparedness is an arduous task that requires frequent exercises. However, many actors have trouble accomplishing this because planning and conducting exercises are time consuming and involve high costs. Digitalization of crisis training has been suggested as a way to partly overcome these obstacles. In this paper, we present the results of a pilot study on an exercise in a digital crisis training tool. Trainees were interviewed and a content analysis was performed on the data. The analytical categories consisted of requirements for a crisis training tool, developed in our previous work. The results of the analysis show that the pace of an exercise, the number of trainees and the number of asynchronous and synchronous modules are all related to boundaries of digital crisis training. These boundaries need to be further explored.

  • 325.
    Bellström, Peter
    et al.
    Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för humaniora och samhällsvetenskap (from 2013), Handelshögskolan (from 2013).
    Pettersson, John Sören
    Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för humaniora och samhällsvetenskap (from 2013), Handelshögskolan (from 2013).
    Page Owner Comments on Page User Posts. A PilotStudy of Three Swedish Municipalities2018Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Conference EGOV-CeDEM-ePart 2018 / [ed] Virkar, S., Parycek, P., Edelmann, N., Glassey, O., Janssen, M., Scholl, H J., Tambouris, E., 2018, s. 81-89Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    In this paper, we present a pilot study of page owner comments on page user posts.Analysed data consist of the page user posts on three Swedish municipalities Facebook pages inone month. In general, it can be concluded that all three municipalities comment on page userposts to quite a large or even large extent (92%, 69% and 52%). The 42-page user posts thatwere left uncommented mainly belong to the categories of expressing an opinion, sharinginformation and requesting information. Taken together, these categories were identified in 76percent of the analysed page user posts. Because they are also the top three categories for userposts in general, further questions are prompted as to where municipalities satisfy requests forinformation or if other users provide answers.

  • 326.
    Bellström, Peter
    et al.
    Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för ekonomi, kommunikation och IT, Avdelningen för informatik och projektledning.
    Thorén, Claes
    Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för ekonomi, kommunikation och IT, Avdelningen för informatik och projektledning.
    Learning How to Program through Visualization: A Pilot Study on the Bubble Sort Algorithm2009Ingår i: / [ed] doi: 10.1109/ICADIWT.2009.5273943, IEEE , 2009Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
  • 327.
    Bellström, Peter
    et al.
    Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för ekonomi, kommunikation och IT, Avdelningen för informatik och projektledning.
    Thorén, Claes
    Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för ekonomi, kommunikation och IT, Avdelningen för informatik och projektledning.
    On the Importance of Visualizing in Programming Education2011Ingår i: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems V. 5 Human Computer Interaction: Enterprise Information Systems / [ed] Edited by Joaquim Filipe and José Cordeiro, SciTePress, 2011, s. 131-136Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
  • 328.
    Bellström, Peter
    et al.
    Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för ekonomi, kommunikation och IT, Avdelningen för informatik och projektledning.
    Thorén, Claes
    Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för ekonomi, kommunikation och IT, Avdelningen för informatik och projektledning.
    Reifying Abstract Programming Concepts through Visualization2010Ingår i: Journal of Information Technology Review, ISSN 0976-3511, Vol. 1, nr 4, s. 160-168Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
  • 329.
    Bellström, Peter
    et al.
    Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för ekonomi, kommunikation och IT, Avdelningen för informatik och projektledning.
    Vöhringer, Jürgen
    econob GmbH Klagenfurt, Austria .
    A Semi-Automatic Method for Matching Schema Elements in the Integration of Structural Pre-Design Schemata2011Ingår i: International Journal On Advances in Intelligent Systems, ISSN 1942-2679, Vol. 4, nr 3&4, s. 410-422Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    In this paper we present a semi-automatic method for matching schema elements in the integration of structural pre-design schemata. In doing so we describe and present how element level matching (concept), structural level matching (neighborhood) and taxonomy-based matching can be combined into one workflow and method. The matching method is a composite schema-based matching method where several different approaches are used to receive one single matching result. Our contributions facilitate the otherwise complex task of matching schema elements during the integration of pre-design schemata and they also speed up the process due to automation of certain process steps. The research approach used within this work can be characterized as design science and our main contributions as a method and an instantiation (a prototype)

  • 330.
    Bellström, Peter
    et al.
    Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för ekonomi, kommunikation och IT, Avdelningen för informatik och projektledning.
    Vöhringer, Jürgen
    A Three-Tier Matching Stategy for Predesign Schema Elements2011Ingår i: / [ed] Jerman-Blazic, B. & Burdescu, Jan Dumitru (Eds.), 2011Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
  • 331.
    Bellström, Peter
    et al.
    Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för ekonomi, kommunikation och IT, Avdelningen för informatik och projektledning.
    Vöhringer, Jürgen
    Towards the Automation of Modeling Language Independent Schema Integration2009Ingår i: / [ed] Kusiak, A. & Lee, S. (eds.), IEEE , 2009, s. 110-115Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
  • 332.
    Bellström, Peter
    et al.
    Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för ekonomi, kommunikation och IT, Avdelningen för informatik och projektledning.
    Vöhringer, Jürgen
    Kop, Christian
    Guidelines for Modeling Language Independent Integration of Dynamic Schemata2008Ingår i: Proceedings of the IASTED International Conference on Software Engineering / [ed] Pahl, C., 2008, s. 112-117Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    View and schema integration have been a research topic for approximately three decades now. Several integration approaches were developed over the time for dynamic modeling (e.g. integration of state charts, business process models, enterprise models etc.). The integration strategies of these approaches are based on language specific features of a certain modeling language. But what happens if the source schemata are available in different languages? In this paper we research if there are some language independent integration guidelines for behavior modeling. In other words which approaches have been proved to be successful in the past which can be applied on all modeling languages dealing with behavior modeling? Thus our approach will be a first step towards an integration strategy for dynamic schemata independent of modeling languages.

  • 333.
    Bellström, Peter
    et al.
    Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för ekonomi, kommunikation och IT.
    Vöhringer, Jürgen
    Research Group Application Engineering, Institute for Applied Informatics, University of Klagenfurt, Austria.
    Kop, Christian
    Research Group Application Engineering, Institute for Applied Informatics, University of Klagenfurt, Austria.
    Toward Modeling-Language Independent Integration of Dynamic Schemata2009Ingår i: Information Systems Development: Towards a Service Provision Society / [ed] Papadopoulos, G. A., Wojtkowski, W., Wojtkowski, W. G., Wrycza, S., & Zupančič, J., 2009, s. 21-29Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
  • 334.
    Bellström, Peter
    et al.
    Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för ekonomi, kommunikation och IT, Avdelningen för informatik och projektledning.
    Vöhringer, Jürgen
    Department of Business Informatics and Application Systems, University of Klagenfurt, Austria.
    Salbrechter, Alexander
    R&S Software GmbH, Feldkirchen, Austria.
    Recognition and Resolution of Linguistic Conflicts: The Core to a Successful View and Schema Integration2007Ingår i: Advances in Information Systems Development New Methods and Practice for the Networked Society / [ed] Magyar, G., Knapp, G., Wojtkowski, W., Wojtkowski, W.G. & Zupančič, J., 2007, s. 77-87Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
  • 335.
    Bengtsson, Caroline
    Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för humaniora och samhällsvetenskap (from 2013), Handelshögskolan (from 2013).
    En jämförelse av JavaScript-ramverk för video med plugins2019Självständigt arbete på grundnivå (kandidatexamen), 10 poäng / 15 hpStudentuppsats (Examensarbete)
    Abstract [sv]

    JavaScript (JS) har kommit att bli ett av de populäraste programmeringsspråken på marknaden. Istället för att skriva all JS-kod från grunden finns det idag JS-ramverk, som kort kan beskrivas som färdigskriven kod med funktioner som utvecklare kan återanvända. I denna studie fick jag i uppgift av ett IT-företag att undersöka vilka JS-ramverk för video som finns och utvärdera dessa. För att kunna genomföra detta har kriterier som bör beaktas vid val av ett JS-ramverk tagits fram från tidigare studier. Syftet med studien var att identifiera och jämföra olika JS-ramverk för video. Totalt har tio olika JS-ramverk utvärderats genom tre olika faser. I första utvärderingsfasen har tio JSramverk identifierats och utvärderats, efter denna fas återstod endast fyra ramverk som uppfyllde de kriterier som funnits. I andra delen av utvärderingsfasen rangordnades dessa JS-ramverk utefter ytterligare kriterier och de tre JS-ramverk med högst placering var slutligen de JS-ramverk som utvärderades i tredje utvärderingsfasen. I tredje och sista utvärderingsfasen har JS-ramverken slutligen undersökts djupare och utvärderats genom olika kriterier. Detta resulterade i att VideoJS slutligen blev det JS-ramverk för video som rekommenderades för uppdragsgivaren. Några av de kriterier VideoJS uppfyllde var att ramverket stödjer flera webbläsare, ramverket kräver minst antal rader kod för att implementeras och JS-ramverket har funnits längst av de studerade JS-ramverken. VideoJS har även en tydlig dokumentation samt uppdateras frekvent.

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  • 336.
    Bengtsson, Sofia
    Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för humaniora och samhällsvetenskap (from 2013), Handelshögskolan (from 2013).
    Distansundervisning som undervisningsform under Covid19-pandemin: En studie där lärmiljöerna vid distansundervisning i Tyskland och Sverige jämförs 2022Självständigt arbete på grundnivå (kandidatexamen), 10 poäng / 15 hpStudentuppsats (Examensarbete)
    Abstract [sv]

    När covid-19 pandemin drabbade världen i mars 2020 blev det många förändringar i samhället. En av de aspekter som förändrades var att utbildning på vuxennivå övergick till distansundervisning istället för på campus, och på grund av denna övergång uppstod flera problem, både tekniska och icke-tekniska. 

    Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur distansundervisningen under covid-19 pandemin har påverkat universitetsstudenter i Sverige och Tyskland, och därmed skapa underlag för att förbättra potentiell framtida distansundervisning. Med utgångspunkt i en litteraturgenomgång utformades en enkät i verktyget Survey & Report. Enkäten spreds därefter bland studenter i Sverige och Tyskland. Enkäten har analyserats med hjälp av Excel, där snitt av frågornas svar har beräknats, både totalt samt uppdelat Sverige/Tyskland. En sammanställning har utformats i Excel, och en jämförelse mellan svaren från Sverige och Tyskland har gjorts. 

    Några av de identifierade problemen som studenterna har upplevt är stress, ensamhet, sämre levnadsvanor, långsam internetuppkoppling samt brist på nödvändiga program och verktyg. Resultatet av studien visar att studenterna generellt har upplevt mer icke-tekniska än tekniska problem så som stress och ensamhet samt mindre studiemotivation och fokus. De upplever även brist på kunskap om tekniken från lärarnas sida vilket är något som har stor potential att förbättras inför framtida situationer. Generellt sett har problemen upplevts i högre grad bland de tyska studenterna än de svenska. För framtida studier är detta en början som hanterar ett antal studenters perspektiv. En utvecklingsmöjlighet för framtida forskare inom ämnet kan vara att inkludera fler skolor i fler länder, och därmed få svar från fler respondenter. 

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  • 337.
    Bennarsten, Simon
    Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för humaniora och samhällsvetenskap (from 2013), Handelshögskolan (from 2013).
    UX-Design av en ny webbapplikation: En mötesplats för studenter och arbetsgivare2020Självständigt arbete på grundnivå (kandidatexamen), 10 poäng / 15 hpStudentuppsats (Examensarbete)
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  • 338.
    Berdén, Daniel
    et al.
    Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), Institutionen för matematik och datavetenskap (from 2013).
    Traxler, Johan
    Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), Institutionen för matematik och datavetenskap (from 2013).
    Low-code-plattformar: En översikt: Undersökning via applikationsutveckling2021Självständigt arbete på grundnivå (högskoleexamen), 10 poäng / 15 hpStudentuppsats (Examensarbete)
    Abstract [sv]

    Utveckling av digitala lösningar som smidigt integrerar och visar relevant informationhar blivit ett av de viktigaste verktygen för många företag. Low-code-plattformar harskapats för att förenkla detta arbete. Frågan är om dessa plattformar lyckas med dettamål och till vilken grad. Denna uppsats har som mål att bearbeta denna fråga och kommatill ett vägvisande svar. Inledande så undersöktes low-code-konceptet och sedan valdestre olika plattformar ut. Dessa plattformar var: OutSystems, Microsoft Power Apps, ochMendix. För att undersöka och utvärdera dessa plattformar designades en demoapplikationsom implementerades i var och en av plattformarna. Resultatet blev en beskrivningav utvecklingsarbetet och en utvärdering av de olika plattformarna. I utvärderingen avutvecklingsarbetet konstaterades att de undersökta low-code-plattformarna bidrar tillsmidigare utveckling med fokus på användargränssnitt men att de trots sina enklaresystem ändå kräver viss utvecklingsvana för effektivt utnyttjande. Förslag för framtidaarbete inom området och med arbetet presenterat i rapporten beskrivs.

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  • 339. Bergander, M.
    et al.
    de Haan, J.
    Pettersson, John Sören
    Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för ekonomi, kommunikation och IT, Avdelningen för informatik och projektledning. Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för ekonomi, kommunikation och IT, Centrum för HumanIT.
    Pilotprojekt hösten 2004 inom området systemlösningar för mobiltjänster i arenamiljö2004Rapport (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
  • 340.
    Bergare, Ingela
    et al.
    Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för ekonomi, kommunikation och IT.
    Nilsson, Andrea
    Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för ekonomi, kommunikation och IT.
    Lärande i projektintensiva verksamheter: När projekten är större än organisationen2006Självständigt arbete på grundnivå (yrkesexamen), 10 poäng / 15 hpStudentuppsats
    Abstract [sv]

    Det blir allt vanligare att människor byter arbetsgivare flera gånger under sitt yrkesverksamma liv och den gamla synen på anställningen som ett livslångt åtagande håller på att försvinna. Organisationer knyter till sig temporära medarbetare, bland annat till sina olika projekt, för att dessa ska tillföra sådan kompetens som inte finns i den ordinarie organisationen. Detta syns tydligt i statistiken från SCB som visar att andelen temporärt anställda ökar i Sverige och nu är nästan 16 % av arbetskraften.

    Uppsatsen behandlar lärandeprocesser i organisationer med höga E/A-tal, det vill säga organisationer där andelen temporärt anställda överstiger andelen tillsvidareanställda medarbetare. Den inriktar sig på lärandet i och mellan projekt, samt hur huvudorganisationen tar del av lärandet i projekten, när individerna med specialkompetens bara är temporärt anställda.

    Respondentorganisationernas syn på kunskap stannar vid individuell kompetens. De har som strategi att till varje nytt projekt anställa personer med rätt kompetens temporärt. När projektet är avslutat, slutar även de som är anställda för projektet. Om organisationen behöver personer med samma kompetens för andra projekt, återanställs personerna temporärt för att arbeta i dem.

    Studien visar att de undersökta organisationerna har en fungerande lärprocess trots att de inte medvetet strävar efter detta. Inom projekten sker hela tiden ett kunskapsutbyte mellan teammedlemmarna, och mycket utav denna kunskap sprids inom organisationen genom småprat och formella möten. En viktig kunskapskälla är de chefer som fungerar som länk mellan huvudorganisationen och projektgrupperna.

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  • 341.
    Bergenudd, Anton
    Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för ekonomi, kommunikation och IT, Avdelningen för datavetenskap. Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), Institutionen för matematik och datavetenskap (from 2013).
    Improving information gathering for IT experts.: Combining text summarization and individualized information recommendation.2022Självständigt arbete på avancerad nivå (masterexamen), 20 poäng / 30 hpStudentuppsats (Examensarbete)
    Abstract [en]

    Information gathering and information overload is an ever growing topic of concernfor Information Technology (IT) experts. The amount of information dealt withon an everyday basis is large enough to take up valuable time having to scatterthrough it all to find the relevant information. As for the application area of IT,time is directly related to money as having to waste valuable production time ininformation gathering and allocation of human resources is a direct loss of profitsfor any given company. Two issues are mainly addressed through this thesis: textsare too lengthy and the difficulty of finding relevant information. Through the useof Natural Language Processes (NLP) methods such as topic modelling and textsummarization, a proposed solution is constructed in the form of a technical basiswhich can be implemented in most business areas. An experiment along with anevaluation session is setup in order to evaluate the performance of the technical basisand enforce the focus of this paper, namely ”How effective is text summarizationcombined with individualized information recommendation in improving informationgathering of IT experts?”. Furthermore, the solution includes a construction of userprofiles in an attempt to individualize content and theoretically present more relevantinformation. The results for this project are affected by the substandard quality andmagnitude of data points, however positive trends are discovered. It is stated thatthe use of user profiles further enhances the amount of relevant articles presentedby the model along with the increasing recall and precision values per iteration andaccuracy per number of updates made per user. Not enough time is spent as for theextent of the evaluation process to confidently state the validity of the results morethan them being inconsistent and insufficient in magnitude. However, the positivetrends discovered creates further speculations on if the project is given enough timeand resources to reach its full potential. Essentially, one can theoretically improveinformation gathering by summarizing texts combined with individualization.

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  • 342.
    Bergkvist, Linda
    Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för ekonomi, kommunikation och IT, Avdelningen för informatik och projektledning.
    A Conceptual Framework for Studying the Successful Outcome of the IS Outsourcing Process from a Relationship Perspective2008Licentiatavhandling, monografi (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
    Abstract [en]

    This thesis has its point of departure in the identified knowledge gap, which includes the importance of the information systems (IS) outsourcing relationship for studying the success of IS outsourcing. This research study, therefore, is structured with the belief that the disregard of the client-IS supplier relationship when studying IS outsourcing is paradoxical. Paradoxical since the impact of the relationship on the overall IS outsourcing can make the difference between success, less success and even failure. In contrast to the majority of prior research, which has focused IS outsourcing in its entirety, this research study percieves IS outsourcing as a process. Because prior research shows that the success or failure of IS outsourcing is connected to its implementation, this thesis focuses the post-contract stage of the IS outsourcing.

    The purpose chosen and addressed is to develop a conceptual framework for describing and explaining the degree of successful outcome of the IS outsourcing process using a relationship perspective. To approach this purpose, a literature review study is conducted. The literature review study includes the integration of three theoretical fields: IS, interorganisational business relationships and IS outsourcing. The knowledge domains of particular interest are 'strategies, approaches and frameworks for the IS life cycle', 'the interaction approach' and 'IS outsourcing success'.

    The purpose is focused through the identification of key conditions, dimensions and interrelations among dimensions. These identified elements, constituting the core elements of the conceptual framework, are a result of the conducted literature review study. The key conditions are identified according to their influence on the degree of successful outcome of the IS outsourcing process from a relationship perspective. Due to the large amount of key conditions identified, they are categorised into nine dimensions: Atmosphere, Behaviour, Contract, Environment, Interatction, IS, Management, Organisation and Outcome. The identified interrelations among these dimensions are fruitful since they provide insights and a favourable point of departure for studying the degree of successful outcome of IS outsourcing processes.

    The main contribution of this thesis is the conceptual framework for the IS outsourcing process. The key conditions, dimensions and interrelations constitute the conceptual framework as a result of their potential for describing and explaining the degree of successful outcome of the IS outsourcing process from a relationship perspective. The application of the conceptual framework provides managers with core elements to be considered during IS outsourcing decision-making and subsequent design of IS outsourcing. Its usage, moreover, is believed to support managers during the operationalisation of the post-contract stage of IS outsourcing processes. Finally, the conceptual framework is a fruitful 'tool' for future empirical research. Fruitful in the sense that it can provide useful and important insights into how different key conditions infuence the degree of successful outcome of IS outsourcing processes and how these key conditions are interrelated.

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  • 343.
    Bergkvist, Linda
    Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för ekonomi, kommunikation och IT, Avdelningen för informatik och projektledning.
    Conditions Influencing Client-IS Supplier Interactions During IS Outsourcing2010Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract

    The extent of outsourcing information systems (IS) activities has been significant and the trend seems likely to continue in the foreseeable future. IS outsourcing relationships bring challenges that need to be understood and managed. The clientIS supplier relationship as such is one of the less frequently examined topics in IS outsourcing research. This paper contributes to the IS outsourcing re-lationship literature by describing conditions influencing clientIS supplier inter-actions during IS outsourcing. The paper sets out from the interaction approach as it contributes new insights to IS outsourcing relationships. The interaction ap-proach is complemented with elements to increase the description of IS outsourc-ing relationship interactions. The elements are composed of viewing the client firm and the IS supplier firm as being comprised of business, process and IS level and the dimensions contract and management. The conditions influencing clientIS supplier interactions are presented in the form of a conceptual framework which when adopted can contribute to a better understanding of the features of IS outsourcing relationships and facilitate for firms in their decision-making of IS outsourcing

  • 344.
    Bergkvist, Linda
    Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för ekonomi, kommunikation och IT, Avdelningen för informatik och projektledning.
    Conditions Influencing Client-IS Supplier Interactions During IS Outsourcing2011Ingår i: Information Systems Development: Business Systems and Services: Modeling and Development / [ed] Pokorny, J., Repa, V., Richta, K., Wojtkowski, W., Linger, H., Barry, C. & Lang, M., New York: Springer, 2011, s. 125-136Kapitel i bok, del av antologi (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The extent of outsourcing information systems (IS) activities has been significant and the trend seems likely to continue in the foreseeable future. IS outsourcing relationships bring challenges that need to be understood and managed. The client–IS supplier relationship as such is one of the less frequently examined topics in IS outsourcing research. This paper contributes to the IS outsourcing relationship literature by describing conditions influencing client–IS supplier interactions during IS outsourcing. The paper sets out from the interaction approach as it contributes new insights to IS outsourcing relationships. The interaction approach is complemented with elements to increase the description of IS outsourcing relationship interactions. The elements are composed of viewing the client firm and the IS supplier firm as being comprised of business, process and IS level and the dimensions contract and management. The conditions influencing client–IS supplier interactions are presented in the form of a conceptual framework which when adopted can contribute to a better understanding of the features of IS outsourcing relationships and facilitate for firms in their decision-making of IS outsourcing.

  • 345.
    Bergkvist, Linda
    Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för ekonomi, kommunikation och IT, Avdelningen för informatik och projektledning.
    Dimensions for Describing and Explaining the Successful Outcome of the IS Outsourcing Process - Emphasising the Relationship Perspective2008Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Outsourcing of Information Systems (IS) is today a commonly accepted and growing practice that is continually evolving. As the IS outsourcing market has matured, IS outsourcing is perceived as one way to increase business operations. Despite, few firms report success. The critical role of an effective clientIS supplier relationship has been argued as a precondition to reach a successful outcome of IS outsourcing. Even though the importance of the IS outsourcing relationship has been highlighted by both practitioners and researchers, paradoxically few studies have applied the relationship as the unit of analysis. This research study contributes to the identified knowledge gap by studying the success of the post-contract stage of the IS outsourcing process from a relationship perspective. The purpose of the paper is to identify dimensions for describing and explaining the successful outcome of the IS outsourcing process.



    As the combination of several theories increases the possibility to obtain a better understanding of the dimensions by which the IS outsourcing process evolves, the success of the IS outsourcing process is studied with an emphasis on three different domains of knowledge: the IS life cycle model, the interaction approach and the framework of the IS outsourcing relationship. Through the application of several theories, a more compelling description of what contributes to the successful outcome of the IS outsourcing process is reached. Furthermore, the application of several theories entailed the possibility to compensate for weaknesses of one theory through the strengths of another theory.



    Through the review of three different theoretical fields dimensions have been identified for describing and explaining the successful outcome of the IS outsourcing process. The dimensions identified are the activity-related dimension, the atmosphere dimension, the contract dimension, the efficiency outcome dimension, the environment dimension, the interaction dimension, the management dimension and the structure dimension.



    Besides the contributed dimensions, a modified version of the interaction approach is proposed. The modified version is adjusted to the IS outsourcing relationship and includes, besides its original parts, a time-line, additional dimensions and the specification of the involved firms as composed of three different interacting areas.

  • 346.
    Bergkvist, Linda
    Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för ekonomi, kommunikation och IT, Avdelningen för informatik och projektledning.
    ISD Activities and Their Suitability for Outsourcing - A Literature Review2007Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    With the introduction of Information Technology (IT) it has become easier for firms to co-operate globally. A result of this globalization is the growth of outsourcing of ISD activities. Through outsourcing of ISD the complexity of managing the ISD process increases, which motivates research enhancing the understanding of the conditions that are critical during ISD outsourcing. The research questions addressed in the paper are: Which ISD activities are contracted in onshoring and offshoring? and How does the nature (complex versus simple) of ISD activities suit outsourcing? To answer the research questions, a literature review on ISD/IS outsourcing has been conducted.



    From the literature review I found that ISD activities relating to the ISD phase of systems design are contracted within both onshoring and offshoring. However, construction activities, such as software coding and software testing, are commonly contracted with far distant IT-suppliers. Another finding is that the content of the ISD process determines the suitability for outsourcing. The literature review shows that the ISD activities suitable for outsourcing are the ones that can be structured into individual modules, are perceived as routine work and are not dependent on knowledge of the firm. From the literature review it was also found that ISD activities relating to construction, operation and maintenance management often satisfy these requirements. Additionally, it was found that the more unstructured the ISD activities are the more important the use of a common ISD methodology becomes. One contribution from the review is that research on outsourcing the ISD process demands specification of the specific case of outsourcing and the type of ISD activity included in the contractual agreement. Depending on the specific case of ISD outsourcing and the type of ISD activity contracted, the level of resources needed for the management of the ISD process and the clientIT-supplier relationship varies.

  • 347.
    Bergkvist, Linda
    Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för ekonomi, kommunikation och IT, Avdelningen för informatik och projektledning.
    Management Conditions Influencing the Successful Outcome of IS Outsourcing2009Ingår i: / [ed] Remenyi, D, 2009Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract

    This research paper contributes to the existing literature on information systems (IS) outsourcing and IS outsourcing relationships by studying the successful outcome of IS outsourcing using a relationship perspective. The research study focuses the exploration of management conditions influencing the successful outcome of IS outsourcing. The purpose chosen and addressed is to describe and explain management conditions influencing the successful outcome of IS outsourcing using a relationship per-spective. Relationship perspective is in this research study constituted of the client firm and the IS supp-lier firm and their actors involved in IS outsourcing. To approach the purpose, a literature review study is conducted. The literature review study includes three theoretical fields: Information Systems, Industrial marketing and IS outsourcing. The combination of several theories increases the possibility to obtain a better understanding of management conditions influencing the successful outcome of IS outsourcing.



    As a result of the literature review study, management conditions influencing the successful outcome of IS outsourcing are identified. The conditions concern the management of IS outsourcing and the clientIS supplier relationship. More precisely, management of IS outsourcing involves management related to the contract, finance, performance, time and quality. Know¬ledge management, resource management, team building and working relation¬ship management are management conditions related to the clientIS sup-plier relationship. The degree of management depends on, for example, the special case of IS outsourcing (e.g. IS offshoring, IS nearshoring) and the IS activity outsourced.



    The management conditions identified are a result of their potential for describing and explaining the su-ccessful outcome of IS outsourcing from a relationship perspective. The management conditions are believed to support managers during the design and implementation of IS outsourcing

  • 348.
    Bergkvist, Linda
    et al.
    Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för ekonomi, kommunikation och IT, Avdelningen för informatik och projektledning.
    Eriksson, Maria
    Design Patterns - vad, hur och varför?2002Rapport (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Inom mjukvaruindustrin går det åt mycket tid för att lösa problem som redan är lösta. Förevigandet av den här cykeln att uppfinna hjulet på nytt har delvis uppmuntrats på grund av att det inte finns någon effektiv mekanism för spridning av framgångsrika lösningar på återkommande problem. Design patterns utgör ett verktyg för att återanvända erkända lösningar och kan därmed delvis lösa detta mjukvaruproblem. Detta har väckt vårt intresse och vi har valt att koncentrera vår studie på problemformuleringen; vad, hur och varför design patterns i en utvecklingsverksamhet för mjukvara. För att få en grundläggande kunskap i ämnet har vi samlat in teori genom litteraturstudier och för att besvara vår problemformulering har vi samlat in empiri från en verksamhet. Den verksamhet som vi har valt att basera vår studie på är Ericsson Infotech AB i Karlstad. Empirin har vi samlat in genom att genomföra tre intervjuer. Respondenterna vi har intervjuat har likartad befattning och representerar tre olika avdelningar på företaget. Detta för att erhålla en mer representativ syn på verksamhetens användande av design patterns. Några av de resultat som vi har kommit fram till är att design patterns är ett beprövat sätt för att lösa designproblem samt en strategi att luta sig mot vid designarbete. Den främsta anledningen till varför verksamheten använder design patterns är för att möjliggöra återanvändning. Vad som även framkom vid vår studie var att verksamheten inte har några fasta rutiner för hur användandet av design patterns ska gå till.

  • 349.
    Bergkvist, Linda
    et al.
    Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för ekonomi, kommunikation och IT, Avdelningen för informatik och projektledning.
    Fredriksson, Odd
    Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för ekonomi, kommunikation och IT, Avdelningen för informatik och projektledning.
    Outsourcing Terms - A Literature Review from an ISD Perspective2008Ingår i: / [ed] Golden, W., Acton, T., Conboy, K, van der Heijden, H. and Tuunainen, V., 2008Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Information Technology (IT) has made it easier for firms to communicate globally. Improved IT capabilities and the increased global collaboration have been drivers of the growth of IT ´outsourcing´. This growth has resulted in a variety of IT ´outsourcing´ terms used to denote both global and domestic "client - IT-supplier" relationships. An introductory literature review showed that there exist no common standard definitions of ´outsourcing´ terms used for describing the contracting of ISD activities between a client and an IT-supplier. This may lead to confusion. The first purpose chosen for the paper is therefore to review how the variety of commonly used ISD ´outsourcing´ terms are defined in the literature. Based on these identified definition differences, the second purpose is then to propose a structured set of definitions of ISD ´outsourcing´ terms.

    The review process of IT/ISD ´outsourcing´ research included two steps. Firstly, a literature search study was conducted. The literature search study resulted in the collection of about 240 articles. The second step of the literature review process included reading each paper. The selection criterion for the articles to be included in the review study was that the article should focus on IT/ISD ´outsourcing´. As a result, about 100 of 240 articles were reviewed. These articles constitute the majority of the articles studied in the literature review.

    From the literature review, different definitions of the variety of ISD ´outsourcing´ terms have been identified. One conclusion drawn from the literature review is that many of the different ISD ´outsourcing´ terms are used as special cases of the generic ´ISD outsourcing´ term. The different ISD ´outsourcing´ terms found in the literature have been analysed and categorised based on a geographical distance perspective. Another finding from the literature review is that the relationship perspective often is neglected when ISD ´outsourcing´ terms are defined. Therefore, definitions from a relationship perspective for the majority of the ISD ´outsourcing´ terms identified are proposed. The proposed ISD ´outsourcing´ definitions provide a structured set of definitions based on both the geographical distance perspective and the relationship perspective. Furthermore, a graphical representation of how different IT-supplier locations, from the client perspective, relate to the definitions of six of the proposed ISD ´outsourcing´ terms is provided.

  • 350.
    Bergkvist, Linda
    et al.
    Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för ekonomi, kommunikation och IT, Avdelningen för informatik och projektledning.
    Johansson, Björn
    Evaluate Motivational Factors Involved at Different Stages in an IS Outsourcing Decision Process2006Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    This study evaluates factors involved at different stages in an IS outsourcing decision process. From a theoretical perspective, the motivation for IS outsourcing is often described as a result of three factors: cost reduction, access to technological expertise and focus on core competence. The aim of this paper is to evaluate motivational factors in an outsourcing decision process. The study uses a literature review and a retrospective case study of an outsourcing project in a large Swedish organization. The idea is to evaluate if there are different factors involved at different stages in an IS outsourcing decision process. It is has been found that the cost perspective is often used as a way of motivating the start of the process as well as the result of the process. However, during different stages other factors are involved. Our results show that the size and reputation of the provider as well as thoughts about the providers ability to deliver required capability is more important than cost reduction. It can be argued that the impact of IS outsourcing on performance and value of an organizations IS function can be both positive and negative. To minimize the chances of a negative result, this paper contributes with an evaluation of motivational factors involved at different stages in an IS outsourcing decision process. If they are duly addressed, the chances of a successful IS outsourcing process will improve significantly

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