Change search
Refine search result
1 - 42 of 42
CiteExportLink to result list
Permanent link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • apa.csl
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf
Rows per page
  • 5
  • 10
  • 20
  • 50
  • 100
  • 250
Sort
  • Standard (Relevance)
  • Author A-Ö
  • Author Ö-A
  • Title A-Ö
  • Title Ö-A
  • Publication type A-Ö
  • Publication type Ö-A
  • Issued (Oldest first)
  • Issued (Newest first)
  • Created (Oldest first)
  • Created (Newest first)
  • Last updated (Oldest first)
  • Last updated (Newest first)
  • Disputation date (earliest first)
  • Disputation date (latest first)
  • Standard (Relevance)
  • Author A-Ö
  • Author Ö-A
  • Title A-Ö
  • Title Ö-A
  • Publication type A-Ö
  • Publication type Ö-A
  • Issued (Oldest first)
  • Issued (Newest first)
  • Created (Oldest first)
  • Created (Newest first)
  • Last updated (Oldest first)
  • Last updated (Newest first)
  • Disputation date (earliest first)
  • Disputation date (latest first)
Select
The maximal number of hits you can export is 250. When you want to export more records please use the Create feeds function.
  • 1.
    Abbas, Muhammad Tahir
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    Eklund, Johan
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    Brunström, Anna
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    Alfredsson, Stefan
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    Rajiullah, Mohammad
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    Grinnemo, Karl-Johan
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    Caso, Giuseppe
    Ericsson Research.
    Kousias, Konstantinos
    Simula Research Laboratory, Norway.
    Alay, Özgü
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013). University of Oslo, Norway.
    On the Energy-efficient Use of Discontinuous Reception and Release Assistance in NB-IoT2022Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Cellular Internet of Things (CIoT) is a Low-Power Wide-Area Network (LPWAN) technology. It aims for cheap, lowcomplexity IoT devices that enable large-scale deployments and wide-area coverage. Moreover, to make large-scale deployments of CIoT devices in remote and hard-to-access locations possible, a long device battery life is one of the main objectives of these devices. To this end, 3GPP has defined several energysaving mechanisms for CIoT technologies, not least for the Narrow-Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) technology, one of the major CIoT technologies. Examples of mechanisms defined include CONNECTED-mode DRX (cDRX), Release Assistance Indicator (RAI), and Power Saving Mode (PSM). This paper considers the impact of the essential energy-saving mechanisms on minimizing the energy consumption of NB-IoT devices, especially the cDRX and RAI mechanisms. The paper uses a purpose-built NB-IoT simulator that has been tested in terms of its built-in energy-saving mechanisms and validated with realworld NB-IoT measurements. The simulated results show that it is possible to save 70%-90% in energy consumption by enabling the cDRX and RAI. In fact, the results suggest that a battery life of 10 years is only achievable provided the cDRX, RAI, and PSM energy-saving mechanisms are correctly configured and used

  • 2.
    Abbas, Muhammad Tahir
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    Eklund, Johan
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    Grinnemo, Karl-Johan
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    Brunström, Anna
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013). Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Science, Mathematics and Engineering Education Research.
    Alfredsson, Stefan
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Science, Mathematics and Engineering Education Research. Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    Alay, Özgü
    University of Oslo and Simula Metropolitan, NOR.
    Katona, Sándor
    Ericsson AB.
    Seres, Gergely
    Ericsson AB.
    Rathonyi, Bela
    Ericsson AB.
    Guidelines for an Energy Efficient Tuning of the NB-IoT Stack2020In: 45th IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN), IEEE Communications Society, 2020, p. 60-69, article id 9363265Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this paper, we study the energy consumptionof Narrowband IoT devices. The paper suggests that key tosaving energy for NB-IoT devices is the usage of full Discontinuous Reception (DRX), including the use of connected-mode DRX (cDRX): In some cases, cDRX reduced the energy consumption over a 10-year period with as much as 50%. However, the paper also suggests that tunable parameters, such as the inactivity timer, do have a significant impact. On the basis of our findings, guidelines are provided on how to tune the NB-IoT device so that it meets the target of the 3GPP, i.e., a 5-Wh battery should last for at least 10 years. It is further evident from our results that the energy consumption is largely dependent on the intensity and burstiness of the traffic, and thus could be significantly reduced if data is sent in bursts with less intensity,irrespective of cDRX support.

  • 3.
    Abbas, Muhammad Tahir
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    Grinnemo, Karl-Johan
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    Eklund, Johan
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    Alfredsson, Stefan
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    Rajiullah, Mohammad
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    Brunström, Anna
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    Caso, Giuseppe
    Ericsson Research, Sweden.
    Kousias, Konstantinos
    Simula Research Laboratory, Norway.
    Alay, Özgü
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013). University of Oslo, Norway.
    Energy-Saving Solutions for Cellular Internet of Things - A Survey2022In: IEEE Access, E-ISSN 2169-3536, Vol. 10, p. 62096-62096Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The Cellular Internet of Things (CIoT), a new paradigm, paves the way for a large-scale deployment of IoT devices. CIoT promises enhanced coverage and massive deployment of low-cost IoT devices with an expected battery life of up to 10 years. However, such a long battery life can only be achieved provided the CIoT device is configured with energy efficiency in mind. This paper conducts a comprehensive survey on energy-saving solutions in 3GPP-based CIoT networks. In comparison to current studies, the contribution of this paper is the classification and an extensive analysis of existing energy-saving solutions for CIoT, e.g., the configuration of particular parameter values and software modifications of transport- or radio-layer protocols, while also stressing key parameters impacting the energy consumption such as the frequency of data reporting, discontinuous reception cycles (DRX), and Radio Resource Control (RRC) timers. In addition, we discuss shortcomings, limitations, and possible opportunities which can be investigated in the future to reduce the energy consumption of CIoT devices.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 4.
    Alay, Özgü
    et al.
    Simula Research Laboratory, Norway.
    Lutu, Andra
    Simula Research Laboratory, Norway.
    García, Rafael
    IMDEA Networks Institute, Spain.
    Peón Quirós, Miguel
    IMDEA Networks Institute, Spain.
    Mancuso, Vincenzo
    IMDEA Networks Institute, Spain.
    Hirsch, Thomas
    Celerway AS, Norway.
    Dely, Tobias
    Celerway AS, Norway.
    Werme, Jonas
    Celerway AS, Norway.
    Evensen, Kristian
    Celerway AS, Norway.
    Hansen, Audun
    Celerway AS, Norway.
    Alfredsson, Stefan
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    Karlsson, Jonas
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    Brunström, Anna
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    Safari Khatouni, Ali
    Politecnico di Torino.
    Mellia, Marco
    Politecnico di Torino.
    Ajmone Marsan, Marco
    Politecnico di Torino.
    Monno, Roberto
    Nextworks, Italy.
    Lønsethagen, Håkon
    Telenor R&D, Norway.
    MONROE, a distributed platform to measure and assess mobile broadband networks: demo2016In: Proceedings of the Tenth ACM International Workshop on Wireless Network Testbeds, Experimental Evaluation, and Characterization, New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), 2016, p. 85-86Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This demo presents the MONROE distributed platform and how it can be used to implement measurement and assessment experiments with operational mobile broadband networks (MBBs). MONROE provides registered experimenters with open access to hundreds of nodes, distributed over several European countries and equipped with multiple MBB connections, and a backend system that collects the measurement results. Experiments are scheduled through a user-friendly web client, with no need to directly access the nodes. The platform further embeds tools for real-time traffic flow analysis and a powerful visualization tool.

  • 5.
    Alay, Özgü
    et al.
    Simula Research Laboratory, Norway.
    Lutu, Andra
    Simula Research Laboratory, Norway.
    Peón-Quirós, Miguel
    IMDEA Networks Institute, Spain.
    Mancuso, Vincenzo
    IMDEA Networks Institute, Spain.
    Hirsch, Thomas
    Celerway Communications, Norway.
    Evensen, Kristian
    Celerway Communications, Norway.
    Hansen, Audun
    Celerway Communications, Norway.
    Alfredsson, Stefan
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    Karlsson, Jonas
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    Brunström, Anna
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    Safari Khatouni, Ali
    Politecnico di Torino, Italy.
    Mellia, Marco
    Politecnico di Torino, Italy.
    Ajmone Marsan, Marco
    IMDEA Networks Institute, Spain and Politecnico di Torino, Italy.
    Experience: An open platform for experimentation with commercial mobile broadband networks2017In: MobiCom '17 Proceedings of the 23rd Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking, New York: Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), 2017, p. 70-78Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Open experimentation with operational Mobile Broadband (MBB) networks in the wild is currently a fundamental requirement of the research community in its endeavor to address the need of innovative solutions for mobile communications. Even more, there is a strong need for objective data about stability and performance of MBB (e.g., 3G/4G) networks, and for tools that rigorously and scientifically assess their status. In this paper, we introduce the MONROE measurement platform: an open access and flexible hardware-based platform for measurements and custom experimentation on operational MBB networks. The MONROE platform enables accurate, realistic and meaningful assessment of the performance and reliability of 11 MBB networks in Europe. We report on our experience designing, implementing and testing the solution we propose for the platform. We detail the challenges we overcame while building and testing the MONROE testbed and argue our design and implementation choices accordingly. We describe and exemplify the capabilities of the platform and the wide variety of experiments that external users already perform using the system

  • 6.
    Alay, Özgü
    et al.
    Simula Research Laboratory, Norway.
    Lutu, Andra
    Simula Research Laboratory, Norway.
    Rafael, García
    IMDEA Networks Institute, Spain.
    Peón Quirós, Miguel
    IMDEA Networks Institute, Spain.
    Mancuso, Vincenzo
    IMDEA Networks Institute, Spain.
    Hirsch, Thomas
    Celerway AS, Norway.
    Tobias, Dély
    Celerway AS, Norway.
    Werme, Jonas
    Celerway AS, Norway.
    Evensen, Kristian
    Celerway AS, Norway.
    Fosselie Hansen, Audun
    Celerway AS, Norway.
    Alfredsson, Stefan
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    Karlsson, Jonas
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    Brunström, Anna
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    Safari Khatouni, Ali
    Politecnico di Torino, Italy.
    Mellia, Marco
    Politecnico di Torino, Italy.
    Ajmone Marsan, Marco
    Politecnico di Torino & IMDEA Networks, Italy.
    Monno, Roberto
    Nextworks, Italy.
    Lønsethagen, Håkon
    Telenor R&D, Norway.
    Measuring and Assessing Mobile Broadband Networks with MONROE2016In: 2016 IEEE International Symposium on a World of Wireless, Mobile, and Multimedia Networks (WoWMoM), Red Hook: IEEE, 2016Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Mobile broadband (MBB) networks underpin numerous vital operations of the society and are arguably becoming the most important piece of the communications infrastructure. In this demo paper, our goal is to showcase the potential of a novel multi-homed MBB platform for measuring, monitoring and assessing the performance of MBB services in an objective manner. Our platform, MONROE, is composed of hundreds of nodes scattered over four European countries and a backend system that collects the measurement results. Through a user-friendly web client, the experimenters can schedule and deploy their experiments. The platform further embeds traffic analysis tools for real-time traffic flow analysis and a powerful visualization tool.

  • 7.
    Alfredsson, Stefan
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science.
    A Case Study of Recent Mifare Classic Field Deployments From an (In-)Security Perspective2013In: Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Software, Telecommunications and Computer Networks (SoftCOM 2013), Split, Croatia: FESB, University of Split , 2013Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Mifare Classic is a very popular near-field communication technology that provides a shared-key, access-controlled, storage. Although the authentication protocol of Mifare Classic is compromised since half a decade, systems are still being deployed based on this technology, e.g. for access control systems and for public transport ticketing. By using commodity hardware, such as NFC enabled smartphones, by passing the security measures in some cases only require the installation and operation of a smartphone app. To this end, we present case studies of a number of recent Mifare Classic systems deployed during the last year, to serve as an illustration of practical security problems and to raise awareness thereof among NFC technology buyers and system implementors.

  • 8.
    Alfredsson, Stefan
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Communication and IT, Department of Computer Science.
    A Cross-Layer Perspective on Transport Protocol Performance in Wireless Networks2012Doctoral thesis, monograph (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Communication by wireless technologies has seen a tremendous growth in the last decades. Mobile phone technology and wireless broadband solutions are rapidly replacing the last-hop wireline connectivity for telephones and Internet access.  Research has, however, shown that Internet traffic can experience a performance degradation over wireless compared to wired networks.  The inherent properties of radio communication lead to a higher degree of unreliability, compared to communication by wire or fiber.  This can result in an increased amount of transmission errors, packet loss, delay and delay variations, which in turn affect the performance of the main Internet transport protocols TCP and UDP.  This dissertation examines the cross-layer relationship between wireless transmission and the resulting performance on the transport layer. To this end, experimental evaluations of TCP and UDP over a wireless 4G downlink system proposal are performed.  The experiment results show, in a holistic scenario, that link-level adaptive modulation, channel prediction, fast persistent link retransmissions, and channel scheduling, enables the transport protocols TCP and UDP to perform well and utilize the wireless link efficiently.  Further, a novel approach is proposed where a modified TCP receiver can choose to accept packets that are corrupted by bit errors. Results from network emulation experiments indicate that by accepting and acknowledging even small amounts of corrupted data, a much higher throughput can be maintained compared to standard TCP.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 9.
    Alfredsson, Stefan
    Karlstad University, Division for Information Technology.
    TCP in Wireless Networks: Challenges, Optimizations and Evaluations2005Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This thesis presents research on transport layer behavior in wireless networks. As the Internet is expanding its reach to include mobile devices, it has become apparent that some of the original design assumptions for the dominant transport protocol, TCP, are approaching their limits. A key feature of TCP is the congestion control algorithm, constructed with the assumption that packet loss is normally very low, and that packet loss therefore is a sign of network congestion. This holds true for wired networks, but for mobile wireless networks non-congestion related packet loss may appear. The varying signal power inherent with mobility and handover between base-stations are two example causes of such packet loss. This thesis provides an overview of the challenges for TCP in wireless networks together with a compilation of a number of suggested TCP optimizations for these environments. A TCP modification called TCP-L is proposed. It allows an application to increase its performance, in environments where residual bit errors normally give a degraded throughput, by making a reliability tradeoff. The performance of TCP-L is experimentally evaluated with an implementation in the Linux kernel. The transport layer performance in a 4G scenario is also experimentally investigated, focusing on the impact of the link layer design and its parameterization. Further, for emulation-based protocol evaluations, controlled packet loss and bit error generation is shown to be an important aspect.

    Download full text (pdf)
    FULLTEXT02
  • 10.
    Alfredsson, Stefan
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Division for Information Technology.
    Brunstrom, Anna
    Karlstad University, Division for Information Technology.
    Bit Error Tolerant Multimedia Transport2004In: Perspectives on Multimedia: Communication, Media and Information Technology, Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, 2004, p. 175-191Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 11.
    Alfredsson, Stefan
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Division for Information Technology.
    Brunstrom, Anna
    Karlstad University, Division for Information Technology.
    TCP-L: Allowing Bit Errors in Wireless TCP2003In: Proceedings of the 12th IST Summit on Mobile and Wireless Communications: Enabling a Pervasive Wireless World / [ed] Atílio Gameiro, Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS), 2003, p. 149-154Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper presents a technique to improve the performance of TCP and the utilization of wireless networks.Wireless links exhibit high rates of bit errors, compared to communication over wireline or fiber. Since TCP cannotseparate packet losses due to bit errors versus congestion,all losses are treated as signs of congestion and congestionavoidance is initiated. This paper explores the possibility of accepting TCP packets with an erroneous checksum, toimprove network performance for those applications that can tolerate bit errors. Since errors may be in the TCP header aswell as the payload, the possibility of recovering the headeris discussed. An algorithm for this recovery is also presented.Experiments with an implementation have been performed,which show that large improvements in throughput can beachieved, depending on link and error characteristics.

  • 12.
    Alfredsson, Stefan
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Communication and IT, Department of Computer Science. Karlstad University, Division for Information Technology.
    Brunstrom, Anna
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Communication and IT, Department of Computer Science. Karlstad University, Division for Information Technology.
    Mikael, Sternad
    Signaler och System, Uppsala universitet.
    A 4G Link Level Emulator for Transport Protocol Evaluation2004In: Proceedings of The Second Swedish National Computer Networking Workshop (SNCNW), 2004, p. 19-23Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper presents a wireless link and networkemulator, based upon the "Wireless IP" 4G system proposalfrom Uppsala University and partners. In wireless fading down-links (base to terminals) link-level frames are scheduled andthe transmission is adapted on a fast time scale. With fastlink adaptation and fast link level retransmission, the fading properties of wireless links can to a large extent be counteractedat the physical and link layers. A purpose of the emulatoris to investigate the resulting interaction with transport layer protocols. The emulator is built on Internet technologies, andis installed as a gateway between communicating hosts. The paper gives an overview of the emulator design, and presentspreliminary experiments with three different TCP variants. The results illustrate the functionality of the emulator by showing theeffect of changing link layer parameters on the different TCP variants.

  • 13.
    Alfredsson, Stefan
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Communication and IT, Department of Computer Science.
    Brunstrom, Anna
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Communication and IT, Department of Computer Science.
    Mikael, Sternad
    Signaler och System, Uppsala universitet.
    Cross-layer analysis of TCP performance in a 4G system2007In: Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Software, Telecommunications and Computer Networks, IEEE Computer Society, 2007Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper presents results from an experimental study of TCP in a wireless 4G evaluation system. Test-bed results on transport layer performance are presented and analyzed in relation to several link layer aspects. The aspects investigated are the impact of channel prediction errors, channel scheduling, delay, and adaptive modulation switch level, on TCP performance. The paper contributes a cross-layer analysis of the interaction between symbol modulation levels, different scheduling strategies, channel prediction errors and the resulting frame retransmissions effect on TCP. The paper also shows that highly persistent ARQ with fast link retransmissions do not interact negatively with the TCP retransmission timer even for short round trip delays.

  • 14.
    Alfredsson, Stefan
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Division for Information Technology. Karlstad University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Communication and IT, Department of Computer Science.
    Brunstrom, Anna
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Communication and IT, Department of Computer Science. Karlstad University, Division for Information Technology.
    Mikael, Sternad
    Signaler och System, Uppsala universitet.
    Emulation and Validation of a 4G System Proposal2005In: Proceedings of RadioVetenskap och Kommunikation 2005: Volume II, 2005, p. 357-362Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper presents a wireless link and network emulator,along with experiments and validation against the "Wireless IP" 4G system proposal from Uppsala University and partners. In wireless fading downlinks (base to terminals) link-level frames are scheduled and the transmission is adapted on a fast time scale. With fast link adaptation and fast link level retransmission, the fading properties of wireless links can to a large extent be counteracted at thephysical and link layers. The emulator has been used to experimentally investigate the resulting interaction between the transport layer and the link layer. The paper gives an overview of the emulator design, and presents experimental results with three different TCP variants in combination with various link layer characteristics.

  • 15.
    Alfredsson, Stefan
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Communication and IT, Department of Computer Science.
    Brunstrom, Anna
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Communication and IT, Department of Computer Science.
    Mikael, Sternad
    Signaler och System, Uppsala universitet.
    Impact of 4G Wireless Link Configurations on VoIP Network Performance2008In: Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE International Symposium on Wireless Communication Systems, IEEE Communications Society, 2008, p. 708-712Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The performance of applications in wireless networks is partly dependent upon the link configuration. Link characteristics varies with frame retransmission persistency, link frame retransmission delay, adaptive modulation strategies, coding, and more. The link configuration and channel conditions can lead to packet loss, delay and delay variations, which impact different applications in different ways. A bulk transfer application may tolerate delays to a large extent, while packet loss is undesirable. On the other hand, real-time interactive applications are sensitive to delay and delay variations, but may tolerate packet loss to a certain extent. This paper contributes a study of the effect of link frame retransmission persistency and delay on packet loss and latency for real-time interactive applications. The results indicate that a reliable retransmission mechanism with fast link retransmissions in the range of 2-8 ms is sufficient to provide an upper delay bound of 50 ms over the wireless link, which is well within the delay budget of voice over IP applications.

  • 16.
    Alfredsson, Stefan
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Communication and IT, Department of Computer Science.
    Brunstrom, Anna
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Communication and IT, Department of Computer Science.
    Mikael, Sternad
    Signaler och System, Uppsala universitet.
    Transport Protocol Performance over 4G Links: Emulation Methodology and Results2006In: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Wireless Communication Systems (ISWCS), IEEE Computer Society, 2006, p. 327-332Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper presents a wireless link and network emulator for the "Wireless IP" 4G system proposal from Uppsala University and partners. In wireless fading downlinks (base to terminals) link-level frames are scheduled and the transmission is adapted on a fast time scale. With fast link adaptation and fast link level retransmission, the fading properties of wireless links can to a large extent be counteracted at the physical and link layers. The emulator has been used to experimentally investigate the resulting interaction between the transport layer and the physical/link layer in such a downlink. The paper introduces the Wireless IP system, describes the emulator design and implementation, and presents experimental results with TCP in combination with various physical/link layer parameters. The impact of link layer ARQ persistency, adaptive modulation, prediction errors and simple scheduling are all considered.

  • 17.
    Alfredsson, Stefan
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science.
    Del Giudice, Giacomo
    Politecnico di Bari, Italy.
    Garcia, Johan
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science.
    Brunstrom, Anna
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science.
    De Cicco, Luca
    Ecole superieure d'Electricite, France; Politecnico di Bari, Italy.
    Mascolo, Saverio
    Politecnico di Bari, Italy.
    Impact of TCP Congestion Control on Bufferbloat in Cellular Networks2013In: Proceedings of the 14th IEEE International Symposium on a World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks (WoWMoM 2013) / [ed] Angelos Lazaris, Balaji Rengarajan, IEEE Press, 2013Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The existence of excessively large and too filled network buffers, known as bufferbloat, has recently gained attention as a major performance problem for delay-sensitive applications. One important network scenario where bufferbloat may occur is cellular networks.

    This paper investigates the interaction between TCP congestion control and buffering in cellular networks. Extensive measurements have been performed in commercial 3G, 3.5G and 4G cellular networks, with a mix of long and short TCP flows using the CUBIC, NewReno and Westwood+ congestion control algorithms. The results show that the completion times of short flows increase significantly when concurrent long flow traffic is introduced. This is caused by increased buffer occupancy from the long flows. In addition, for 3G and 3.5G the completion times are shown to depend significantly on the congestion control algorithms used for the background flows, with CUBIC leading to significantly larger completion times.

  • 18.
    Alfredsson, Stefan
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science.
    Del Giudice, Giacomo
    Politecnico di Bari, Italy.
    Garcia, Johan
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science.
    Brunstrom, Anna
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science.
    De Cicco, Luca
    Ecole superieure d'Electricite, France; Politecnico di Bari, Italy.
    Mascolo, Saverio
    Politecnico di Bari, Italy.
    Observations of Bufferbloat in Swedish Cellular Networks2013In: Proceedings of the 9th Swedish National Computer Networking Workshop (SNCNW 2013) / [ed] Bengt Ahlgren, 2013Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 19.
    Beckman, Claes
    et al.
    KTH, Center for Wireless Systems.
    Garcia, Johan
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    Alfredsson, Stefan
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    Brunström, Anna
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    On the Impact of Velocity on the Train-to-Earth MIMO Propagation Channel: Statistical Observations and Qualitative Analysis2017In: 2017 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation & USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting, IEEE, 2017, p. 1865-1866Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We provide measured data collected from 97 trains completing over 7000 journeys in Sweden showing that the throughput over LTE is impacted by train velocity. In order to explain these observations we assume that the underlying causes can be found in the implementation of the MIMO system into LTE Rel. 8 and the diffuse scattering of signals from ground reflections.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 20.
    Brunström, Anna
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Communication and IT, Department of Computer Science. Karlstad University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Communication and IT, Centre for HumanIT.
    Alfredsson, Stefan
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Communication and IT, Department of Computer Science.
    Garcia, Johan
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Communication and IT, Department of Computer Science. Karlstad University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Communication and IT, Centre for HumanIT.
    Lindskog, Stefan
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Communication and IT, Department of Computer Science. Karlstad University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Communication and IT, Centre for HumanIT.
    NEWCOM DR6.2: First report on frameworks/models matching Department 6 needs2005Report (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    During the first phase of NEWCOM the focus areas of Department 6 were identified and refined. A number of relevant knowledge gaps were identified for the areas transport protocols, architectures and cross-layer aspects, and modelling. In this deliverable we describe a first set of frameworks/models to support research integration within the Department. The integration approach and the defined models/frameworks are described for each one of the selected knowledge gaps. The deliverable also includes a report on tools, software libraries and traces that can be shared between the partners

  • 21.
    Fischer-Hübner, Simone
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    Martucci, Leonardo
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    Fritsch, Lothar
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    Pulls, Tobias
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    Herold, Sebastian
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    Iwaya, Leonardo H
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    Alfredsson, Stefan
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    Albin, Zuccato
    ATEA Sverige AB, Stockholm, Sweden.
    A MOOC on Privacy by Design and the GDPR2018In: Information Security Education: Towards a Cybersecure Society / [ed] Lynette Drevin, Marianthi Theocharidou, Cham, Switzerland: Springer, 2018, p. 95-107Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this paper we describe how we designed a massive open online course (mooc) on Privacy by Design with a focus on how to achieve compliance with the eu gdpr principles and requirements in it engineering and management. This mooc aims at educating both professionals and undergraduate students, i.e., target groups with distinct educational needs and requirements, within a single course structure. We discuss why developing and publishing such a course is a timely decision and fulfills the current needs of the professional and undergraduate education. The mooc is organized in five modules, each of them with its own learning outcomes and activities. The modules focus on different aspects of the gdpr that data protection officers have to be knowledgeable about, ranging from the legal basics, to data protection impact assessment methods, and privacy-enhancing technologies. The modules were delivered using hypertext, digital content and three video production styles: slides with voice-over, talking heads and interviews. The main contribution of this work is the roadmap on how to design a highly relevant mooc on privacy by design and the gdpr aimed at an heterogeneous audience.

  • 22.
    Garcia, Johan
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    Alfredsson, Stefan
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    Brunstrom, Anna
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    Delay metrics and delay characteristics: A study of four Swedish HSDPA+ and LTE networks2015In: 2015 European Conference on Networks and Communications (EuCNC), IEEE, 2015, p. 234-238Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Network delays and user perceived latencies are of major importance in many applications in cellular networks. Delays can be measured with multiple approaches and at different protocol layers. This work involves a detailed examination of several delay metrics from a network, transport, and application perspective. The study explores base delay as well as latency under load, capturing also the effect of buffering. The examination is based on a comprehensive active measurement campaign performed in the networks of four Swedish operators. The results show that the delay captured by different metrics can vary significantly, with delay captured from the TCP three-way-handshake and adaptive ping measurements giving the most consistent results for base network delay in our measurements. As expected, when background traffic is introduced measured delay increases by an order of magnitude due to buffering in the network, highlighting the importance of also capturing latency under load when describing network performance. Finally, using an analytic model of flow completion time, we show that well-selected network measurements can provide a good prediction of higher layer delay performance.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 23.
    Garcia, Johan
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Communication and IT, Department of Computer Science.
    Alfredsson, Stefan
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Communication and IT, Department of Computer Science.
    Brunstrom, Anna
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Communication and IT, Department of Computer Science.
    The Impact of Loss Generation on Emulation-Based Protocol Evaluation2006In: PDCN'06 Proceedings of the 24th IASTED international conference on Parallel and distributed computing and networks / [ed] Fahringer, T., Anaheim, USA: ACTA Press, 2006, 1, p. 231-237Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Network emulation has for a long time been an important tool for evaluating the performance of communication protocols. By emulating network characteristics, such as restricted bandwidth, delay and losses, knowledge about the behavior and performance of actual protocol implementations can be obtained. This paper focuses on the generation of losses in network emulators and shows the beneficial effects of being able to control the generation of losses in a precise way. Both the possibility to get additional knowledge about a protocol implementations behavior, as well as statistical benefits such as paired experiments are discussed. By extending the loss generation to also include bit-error generation, in addition to packet losses, a finer level of abstraction is provided. Deterministic bit-error generation allows detailed and repeatable studies of bit-error sensitive protocol behavior. TCP and a loss differentiating variant of TCP is used to illustrate the utility of improved loss generation.

  • 24.
    Garcia, Johan
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    Alfredsson, Stefan
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    Brunström, Anna
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Communication and IT, Department of Computer Science. Karlstad University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Communication and IT, Centre for HumanIT.
    A Measurement Based Study of TCP Protocol Efficiency in Cellular Networks2014In: Modeling and Optimization in Mobile, Ad Hoc, and Wireless Networks (WiOpt), 2014 12th International Symposium on, IEEE, 2014, p. 131-136Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper examines the efficiency of resource utilization with respect to short-lived TCP flows in various cellular networks. The examination is done from the vantage point of an end-user who would like to use as much as possible of the cellular transmission resources that are available at any given time, thus minimizing the delays associated with communication. Based on a comprehensive measurement campaign we first derive network characteristics with regards to base RTT, RTT under load, and average throughput. A protocol efficiency metric is introduced to capture how efficiently short TCP flows are in fact able to use the instantaneously available transmission resources in a cellular network. The measurements show that short TCP connections have low efficiency in 3. SG (HSPA+) and 4G (LTE) mobile broadband networks, and that the improved latency and throughput characteristics of 4G in relation to 3. SG nevertheless results in lower short-flow efficiency for 4G.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 25.
    Garcia, Johan
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    Alfredsson, Stefan
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    Brunström, Anna
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    Estimating data transfer capacity for intermittent connectivity: A transport aware model2016In: 2016 IEEE 27th Annual International Symposium On Personal, Indoor, And Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC), New York: IEEE, 2016, p. 1-6Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Communication performed with mobile devices will experience varying levels of connectivity as the communication device moves in and out of coverage. A subset of mobile communication devices operate under conditions where the connectivity is characterized by relatively short contact periods occurring intermittently. In this paper we propose a model to predict the amount of data that can be transferred during such short contact periods. The model includes aspects of the transport layer slow-start behavior and is validated using data from a long-running measurement campaign in the networks of four Swedish cellular networks. Further validation of the modeling assumptions is performed by employing a numerical optimization technique based on non-linear least squares regression using the iterative Levenberg-Marquardt approach. The model is then used to explore the relevant parameter space.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 26.
    Garcia, Johan
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    Alfredsson, Stefan
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    Brunström, Anna
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    Examining cellular access systems on trains: Measurements and change detection2017In: Proceedings of the 1st Network Traffic Measurement and Analysis Conference, New York: IEEE, 2017, p. 1-6Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Abstract:Access to reliable high-quality communication services on trains is important for today's mobile users. Train-mounted aggregation routers that provide WiFi access to train passengers and bundle external communication over multiple cellular modems/links is an efficient way of providing such services. Still, the characteristics of such systems have received limited attention in the literature. In this paper we examine the communication characteristics of such systems based on a large data set gathered over six months from an operational Swedish railway system. We characterize the conditions in terms of usage load, train velocity profiles, and observed throughput and delay as well as the relation between these parameters. Furthermore, we examine the data from an anomaly detection perspective. Based on a changepoint detection method, we examine how the collected metrics varies over the six months. Being able to detect shifts in the metrics over time can help detect anomalous changes in the hardware or environment, and also further helps explain the factors affecting the observed behaviors.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 27.
    Garcia, Johan
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    Alfredsson, Stefan
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    Brunström, Anna
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    Examining TCP Short Flow Performance in Cellular Networks Through Active and Passive Measurements2015In: AllThingsCellular '15 Proceedings of the 5th Workshop on All Things Cellular: Operations, Applications and Challenges / [ed] David Choffnes and Kobus Van der Merwe, Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), 2015, p. 7-12Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this study we examine the conditions in a current cellular network by examining data passively collected in the core of a cellular operator during a 24-hour period. More than 2 billion traffic measurement data points from over 500,000 cellular users are analyzed. The analysis characterizes the Time-of-Day (ToD) variations for traffic intensity and session length and serves as a complement to the active measurements also performed. A comprehensive active measurement campaign was completed in the HSDPA+ and LTE networks of the four major Swedish operators. We collect around 50,000 data points from stationary cellular modems and analyze the ToD variation pattern for underlying network layer metrics such as delay and throughput. In conjunction with the time-varying session size distribution obtained from the passive measurements, we then analyze the ToD impact on TCP flows of varying sizes. The ToD effects are examined using time series analysis with Lomb-Scargle periodograms and differential Bayesian Information Criterion to allow comparison of the relative impact of the network ToD effects. The results show that ToD effects are predominantly impacting longer-running flows, and although short flows are also impacted they are mostly constrained by other issues such as protocol efficiency.

  • 28.
    Garcia, Johan
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    Alfredsson, Stefan
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    Brunström, Anna
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    Beckman, Claes
    Center for Wireless Systems, KTH.
    Train Velocity and Data Throughput: A Large Scale LTE Cellular Measurements Study2017In: Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE 86th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Fall), New York: IEEE, 2017, p. 1-6Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Train-mounted aggregation routers that provide WiFi access to train passengers and bundle external communication over multiple cellular modems/links is an efficient way of providing communication services on trains. However, the characteristics of such systems have received limited attention in the literature. In this paper we address this gap by examining the communication characteristics of such systems based on a large data set gathered over six months from an operational Swedish railway system. We focus our examination on the relationship between per link throughput and train velocity. Using Levenberg- Marquardt non-linear regression a noticeable critical point is observed for an RS-SINR of around 12 dB. At this point the impact of increased train velocity on per link throughput changes from being negative to becoming positive. Using a machine learning approach we also explore the relative importance of several observed metrics in relation to per link throughput.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 29.
    Hasselström, Nicklas
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science.
    Hjern, Gunnar
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science.
    Hoorn, Richard
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science.
    Hult, Marcus
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science.
    Häger, Johan
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science.
    Syren, Jens
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science.
    Alfredsson, Stefan
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science.
    Lindskog, Stefan
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science.
    The Design, Implementation, and Performance Evaluation of Secure Socket SCTP 2.02015Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) is acomparatively new transport protocol that presents some advanced features compared to other standardized transport protocols. However, there are currently no standardized end-to-end security solutions suited for SCTP. One proposal for end-to-end encryption is the Secure Socket SCTP (S2-SCTP) protocol, developed by researchers at Karlstad University.  The security solution for SCTP described in this report uses key agreement for obtaining keys to be able to provide data confidentiality by encryption. The protocol is based on the S2-SCTP protocol, with smaller changes, and an overlaying management protocol has been designed and implemented. The management protocolis used to enable encryption and TLS authentication, to give a secure communication library over existing Berkeley Sockets. The performance evaluation of S2-SCTP compared to the already standardized end-to-endsecurity solutions, i.e., TLS over SCTP and DTLS over SCTP, shows that S2-SCTP achieves a higher throughput while still maintaining most of the advantages of SCTP.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
    Download (jpg)
    presentationsbild
  • 30.
    Hurtig, Per
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    Alfredsson, Stefan
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    Brunström, Anna
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    Evensen, Kristian
    Celerway Communications.
    Grinnemo, Karl-Johan
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    Fosselie Hansen, Audun
    Celerway Communications, NOR.
    Rozensztrauch, Tomasz
    Celerway Communications, NOR.
    A NEAT Approach to Mobile Communication2017In: MobiArch ’17 Proceedings of the Workshop on Mobility in the Evolving Internet Architecture, Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), 2017, p. 7-12Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The demands for mobile communication is ever increasing. Mobile applications are increasing both in numbers and in heterogeneity of their requirements, and an increasingly diverse set of mobile technologies are employed. This creates an urgent need for optimizing end-to-end services based on application requirements, conditions in the network and available transport solutions; something which is very hard to achieve with today's Internet architecture. In this paper, we introduce the NEAT transport architecture as a solution to this problem. NEAT is designed to offer a flexible and evolvable transport system, where applications communicate their transport-service requirements to the NEAT system in a generic, transport-protocol independent way. The best transport option is then configured at run time based on application requirements, network conditions, and available transport options. Through a set of real life mobile use case experiments, we demonstrate how applications with different properties and requirements could employ the NEAT system in multi-access environments, showing significant performance benefits as a result.

  • 31.
    Jalili, Leilia
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    Parichehreh, Ali
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    Alfredsson, Stefan
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    Garcia, Johan
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    Brunström, Anna
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    Efficient traffic offloading for seamless connectivity in 5G networks onboard high speed trains2017In: IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, PIMRC, IEEE, 2017, p. 1-6Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Seamless wireless connectivity in high mobility scenarios (≥ 300 km/h), is one of the fundamental key requirements for the future 5G networks. High speed train (HST) is one of the preferred mid-range transportation systems, and highlights the challenges of providing wireless connectivity in high mobility scenarios for the 5G networks. Advanced version of Long Term Evolution (LTE-A) from the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) with peak data rate up to 100 Mbps in high mobility scenarios paved the road toward high quality and cost effective onboard Internet in HSTs. However, frequent handovers (HO) of large number of onboard users increase the service interruptions that in turn inevitably decrease the experienced quality of service (QoS). In this paper, according to the two-tier architecture of the HST wireless connectivity, we propose a novel and practically viable onboard traffic offloading mechanism among the HST carriages that effectively mitigates the service interruptions caused by frequent HOs of massive number of onboard users. The proposed architecture does not imply any change on the LTE network standardization. Conclusions are supported by numerical results for realistic LTE parameters and current HST settings.

  • 32.
    Kargar Bideh, Minoo
    et al.
    Simula Research Laboratory.
    Petlund, Andreas
    Simula Research Laboratory.
    Griwodz, Carsten
    Simula Research Laboratory.
    Ahmed, Iffat
    Simula Research Laboratory.
    Halvorsen, Pål
    Simula Research Laboratory.
    Behjati, Razieh
    Simula Research Laboratory.
    Brunstrom, Anna
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science.
    Alfredsson, Stefan
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science.
    TADA: An Active Measurement Tool for Automatic Detection of AQM2015In: Proceeding VALUETOOLS'15 Proceedings of the 9th EAI International Conference on Performance Evaluation Methodologies and Tools / [ed] William Knottenbelt, Katinka Wolter, Ana Busic, Marco Gribaudo and Philipp Reinecke, Brussels: The Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 2015, p. 55-60Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The problem of overbuffering in today's Internet (termed as bufferbloat) has recently drawn a great amount of attention from the research community. This has led to the development of various active queue management (AQM) schemes. The last years have seen a lot of effort to show the benefits of AQMs over simple tail-drop queuing and to encourage deployment. Yet it is still unknown to what extent AQMs are deployed in the Internet. In this paper, we present an end-to-end active measurement method to detect AQMs on the path bottleneck. We have developed an active measurement tool, named TADA, and evaluated our measurement methodology on a controlled experimental testbed. Experimental results show that the proposed approach provides the basis to identify whether an AQM is deployed on the bottleneck.

  • 33.
    Khatouni, Ali Safari
    et al.
    Politecn Torino, Turin, Italy.
    Mellia, Marco
    Politecn Torino, Turin, Italy.
    Ajmone Marsan, Marco
    Politecn Torino, Turin, Italy ; IMDEA Networks Inst, Leganes, Spain.
    Alfredsson, Stefan
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    Karlsson, Jonas
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    Brunström, Anna
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    Alay, Ozgu
    Simula Res Lab, Fornebu, Norway.
    Lutu, Andra
    Simula Res Lab, Fornebu, Norway.
    Midoglu, Cise
    Simula Res Lab, Fornebu, Norway.
    Mancuso, Vincenzo
    IMDEA Networks Inst, Leganes, Spain.
    Speedtest-like Measurements in 3G/4G Networks: the MONROE Experience2017In: 2017 PROCEEDINGS OF THE 29TH INTERNATIONAL TELETRAFFIC CONGRESS (ITC 29), VOL 1, IEEE, 2017, p. 169-177Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Mobile Broadband (MBB) Networks are evolving at a fast pace, with technology enhancements that promise drastic improvements in capacity, connectivity, coverage, i.e., better performance in general. But how to measure the actual performance of a MBB solution? In this paper, we present our experience in running the simplest of the performance test: "speedtest-like" measurements to estimate the download speed offered by actual 3G/4G networks. Despite their simplicity, download speed measurements in MBB networks are much more complex than in wired networks, because of additional factors (e.g., mobility of users, physical impairments, diversity in technology, operator settings, mobile terminals diversity, etc.). We exploit the MONROE open platform, with hundreds of multihomed nodes scattered in 4 different countries, and explicitly designed with the goal of providing hardware and software solutions to run large scale experiments in MBB networks. We analyze datasets collected in 4 countries, over 11 operators, from about 50 nodes, for more than 2 months. After designing the experiment and instrumenting both the clients and the servers with active and passive monitoring tools, we dig into collected data, and provide insight to highlight the complexity of running even a simple speedtest. Results show interesting facts, like the occasional presence of NAT, and of Performance Enhancing Proxies (PEP), and pinpoint the impact of different network configurations that further complicate the picture. Our results will hopefully contribute to the debate about performance assessment in MBB networks, and to the definition of much needed benchmarks for performance comparisons of 3G, 4G and soon of 5G networks.

  • 34.
    Mancuso, Vincenzo
    et al.
    IMDEA Networks Institute, Spain.
    Peón Quirós, Miguel
    IMDEA Networks Institute, Spain; Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Switzerland.
    Midoglu, Cise
    Simula Res Lab, Norway.
    Moulay, Mohamed
    IMDEA Networks Inst, Spain; University Carlos III of Madrid, Spain.
    Comite, Vincenzo
    IMDEA Networks Inst, Spain; University La Sapienza, Italy.
    Lutu, Andra
    Simula Res Lab, Norway.
    Alay, Ozgu
    Simula Res Lab, Norway.
    Alfredsson, Stefan
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    Rajiullah, Mohammad
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    Brunström, Anna
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    Mellia, Marco
    Politecnico di Torino, Italy.
    Khatouni, Ali Safari
    Politecnico di Torino, Italy.
    Hirsch, Thomas
    Celerway, Norway.
    Results from running an experiment as a service platform for mobile broadband networks in Europe2019In: Computer Communications, ISSN 0140-3664, E-ISSN 1873-703X, Vol. 33, p. 89-101Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this article we present a selection from a vast range of experiments run with MONROE, our open experiment as a service (EaaS) platform for measurements and experimentation in Mobile Broadband Networks. We show that the platform can be used to benchmark network performance in a repeatable and controlled manner thanks to the collection of a rich set of geotagged metadata and the execution of discretionary user experiments. Indeed, with the sheer amount of data collected from 12 commercial mobile operators across Europe, MONROE offers an unprecedented opportunity to monitor, analyze and ultimately improve the status of current and future mobile broadband networks. Besides, we show how flexibly the platform allows combining metadata and experimental data series during the experiments or by means of post-processing, and show results produced by our own experiments as well as comment on results obtained by external research groups and developers that have been granted access to our platform.

  • 35.
    Parichehreh, Ali
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    Alfredsson, Stefan
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    Brunström, Anna
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    Measurement Analysis of TCP Congestion Control Algorithms in LTE Uplink2018In: 2018 Network Traffic Measurement and Analysis Conference (TMA), New York: IEEE, 2018, p. 1-8Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The unprecedented growth of user generated con- tents yielded by the proliferation of social networks applications, cellular based video surveillance and device-to-device (D2D) communication, makes the cellular uplink communication an attractive topic. In this paper we conduct a systematic evaluation and measurement analysis to characterize cellular uplink traffic and compare its interplay with different TCP congestion control algorithms (CCA), namely NewReno, Cubic, and BBR, in both stationary and mobility scenarios. The evaluation encompasses average throughput, average round trip time (RTT), fairness among simultaneous flows, and packet retransmission. The in- tended behavior of BBR has been observed in LTE uplink, but some severe issues such as lack of fairness among simultaneous flows and massive on device packet losses have been observed. It is observed that the lack of fairness among simultaneous flows can unpredictably change the throughput of multi-flow applications.

  • 36.
    Parichehreh, Ali
    et al.
    Ericsson Research, Sweden.
    Moosavi, Reza
    Ericsson Research, Sweden.
    Ramachandra, Pradeepa
    Ericsson Research, Sweden.
    Alfredsson, Stefan
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    Brunström, Anna
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    LTE as a Road Toward 5G: QoS Analysis in Mobility Scenario Using The Monroe Platform2019In: IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, WCNC, IEEE, 2019, p. 1-7Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Seamless wireless connectivity and low latency com- munication in mobility scenarios are two fundamental require- ments in the fifth generation networks to effectively cover a broader range of use cases such as massive machine type communications and ultra-reliable low-latency communications for new industrial/potential users, as well as enhanced mobile broadband for conventional users.

    In this paper, we aim at measuring certain key performance indicators in mobility scenarios, highlighting some practical inefficiencies that require more careful consideration when de- signing and enhancing mobility features of 5G networks. We investigate the round trip time, uplink throughput and the impact of handover interruption time on these metrics. Our results are based on three months experiment campaign in a mix of rural, suburban, and urban environment using the geographically distributed MONROE platform. Based on the observed discrep- ancies between measured and standardized LTE performance, we conclude the paper with a discussion of techniques that may need more attention for mobility scenarios in fifth generation mobile networks.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 37.
    Peón-Quirós, Miguel
    et al.
    IMDEA Networks, Madrid, Spain .
    Mancuso, Vincenzo
    IMDEA Networks, Madrid, Spain .
    Comite, Vincenzo
    La Sapienza University, Italy.
    Lutu, Andra
    Simula Research Lab, Norway.
    Alay, Özgü
    Simula Research Lab, Norway.
    Alfredsson, Stefan
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    Karlsson, Jonas
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    Brunström, Anna
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    Mellia, Marco
    Politecnico di Torino, Italy.
    Khatouni, Ali Safari
    Politecnico di Torino, Italy.
    Hirsch, Thomas
    Celerway, Oslo, Norway .
    Results from Running an Experiment as a Service Platform for Mobile Networks2017In: WiNTECH '17 Proceedings of the 11th Workshop on Wireless Network Testbeds, Experimental evaluation & CHaracterization, New York, USA: Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), 2017, p. 9-16Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this paper we present a selection from a vast range of experiments run with MONROE, our experiment as a service platform open to external researchers. We show that the platform can be used to benchmark network performance in a repeatable and controlled manner thanks to the collection of a rich set of geotagged metadata and the execution of discretionary user experiments. Indeed, with the sheer amount of data collected from 12 commercial mobile operators across Europe, MONROE offers an unprecedented opportunity to monitor, analyze and ultimately improve the status of current and future mobile broadband networks. We also show how flexibly the platform allows combining metadata and experimental data series during the experiments or by means of post-processing, and show results produced by our own experiments as well as by external research groups and developers that have been granted access to the platform

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 38.
    Rabitsch, Alexander
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    Grinnemo, Karl-Johan
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    Brunström, Anna
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    Abrahamsson, Henrik
    RISE.
    Abdesslem, Fehmi Ben
    RISE.
    Alfredsson, Stefan
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    Ahlgren, Bengt
    RISE.
    Utilizing Multi-Connectivity to Reduce Latency and Enhance Availability for Vehicle to Infrastructure Communication2022In: IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, ISSN 1536-1233, E-ISSN 1558-0660, Vol. 21, no 5, p. 1874-1891Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITS) enable information to be shared wirelessly between vehicles and infrastructure in order to improve transport safety and efficiency. Delivering C-ITS services using existing cellular networks offers both financial and technological advantages, not least since these networks already offer many of the features needed by C-ITS, and since many vehicles on our roads are already connected to cellular networks. Still, C-ITS pose stringent requirements in terms of availability and latency on the underlying communication system; requirements that will be hard to meet for currently deployed 3G, LTE, and early-generation 5G systems. Through a series of experiments in the MONROE testbed (a cross-national, mobile broadband testbed), the present study demonstrates how cellular multi-access selection algorithms can provide close to 100% availability, and significantly reduce C-ITS transaction times. The study also proposes and evaluates a number of low-complexity, low-overhead single-access selection algorithms, and shows that it is possible to design such solutions so that they offer transaction times and availability levels that rival those of multi-access solutions.

  • 39.
    Rajiullah, Mohammad
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    Caso, Giuseppe
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    Brunstrom, Anna
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    Karlsson, Jonas
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    Alfredsson, Stefan
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    Alay, Özgü
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    CARL-W: a Testbed for Empirical Analyses of 5G and Starlink Performance2023In: 5G-MeMU '23: Proceedings of the 3rd ACM Workshop on 5G and Beyond Network Measurements, Modeling, and Use Cases, Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), 2023, p. 1-7Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The deployment of 5G networks, including 5G Non-Public Networks (5G-NPNs) for private use in several verticals, is rapidly taking place worldwide. However, deploying these networks in under-served areas, where there may be limited Internet access or wired backhauling capabilities, presents challenges. To address these challenges, there is a growing interest in using Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites, such as SpaceX's Starlink, which can provide high-throughput and low-latency Internet access via dense satellite constellations.

    In this paper, we present CARL-W, the Wireless module of the Communications Advanced Research Laboratory (CARL) at Karlstad University, which combines a 5G-NPN and a Starlink deployment. CARL-W serves as a platform for empirical analyses on both systems, thus contributing to the study of their possible integration. In particular, we outline the CARL-W experimentation framework and provide access to the CARL-W visualization and data exporting platform. We also open-source a 1-month Starlink dataset, facilitating further analyses of this relatively new technology.

    Download full text (pdf)
    CARLW-Testbed-for-Empirical-Analyses-of-5G-and-Starlink-Performance-5GMeMU2023.pdf
  • 40.
    Rajiullah, Mohammad
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    Lutu, Andra
    Telefonica Research, ESP.
    Ali, Safari Khatouni
    Dalhousie University, CAN.
    Fida, Mah-rukh
    Simula Metropolitan, NOR.
    Mellia, Marco
    Politecnico di Torino, ITA.
    Brunström, Anna
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    Alay, Özgü
    Simula Metropolitan, NOR.
    Alfredsson, Stefan
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    Mancuso, Vincenzo
    IMDEA Networks Institute, ESP.
    Web Experience in Mobile Networks: Lessons from Two Million Page Visits2019Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Measuring and characterizing web page performance is a challeng- ing task. When it comes to the mobile world, the highly varying technology characteristics coupled with the opaque network con- figuration make it even more difficult. Aiming at reproducibility, we present a large scale empirical study of web page performance collected in eleven commercial mobile networks spanning four countries. By digging into measurement from nearly two million web browsing sessions, we shed light on the impact of different web protocols, browsers, and mobile technologies on the web per- formance. We found that the impact of mobile broadband access is sizeable. For example, the median page load time using mobile broadband increases by a third compared to wired access. Mobility clearly stresses the system, with handover causing the most evi- dent performance penalties. Contrariwise, our measurements show that the adoption of HTTP/2 and QUIC has practically negligible impact. To understand the intertwining of all parameters, we adopt state-of-the-art statistical methods to identify the significance of different factors on the web performance. Our analysis confirms the importance of access technology and mobility context as well as webpage composition and browser. Our work highlights the importance of large-scale measurements. Even with our controlled setup, the complexity of the mobile web ecosystem is challenging to untangle. For this, we are releasing the dataset as open data for validation and further research.

  • 41.
    Wennström (Klockar), Annika
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Division for Information Technology.
    Alfredsson, Stefan
    Karlstad University, Division for Information Technology.
    Brunstrom, Anna
    Karlstad University, Division for Information Technology.
    TCP over Wireless Networks2004Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This report provides an overview of common wireless network technologies used today, with emphasis on data transmission. Wireless networks are becoming increasingly used for Internet communications. As discussed in the report, the TCP protocol may experience performance degradations over wireless networks, due to non-congestion related packet loss and varying round trip times. To this end, many enhancements for TCP to the link and transport layer have been proposed. A selection of these are presented and discussed in relation to the wireless network technologies.

    Download full text (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
  • 42.
    Özgü, Alay
    et al.
    Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, Norge.
    Mancuso, Vincenzo
    IMDEA Networks Institute, Spanien.
    Brunström, Anna
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    Alfredsson, Stefan
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).
    Mellia, Marco
    Politecnico di Torino, Italien.
    Bernini, Giacomo
    Nextworks, Italien.
    Lonsethagen, Hakon
    Telenor Research, Norge.
    End to End 5G Measurements with MONROE: Challenges and Opportunities2018In: 4th International Forum on Research and Technologies for Society and Industry (IEEE RTSI 2018), IEEE, 2018Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    To be able to support diverse requirements of massive number of connected devices while also ensuring good user experience, 5G networks will leverage multi-access technolo- gies, deploy supporting operational mechanisms such as SDN and NFV, and require enhanced protocols and algorithms. For 4G networks, MONROE has been key to provide a common measurement platform and a set of methodologies available to the wider community. Such common grounds will become even more important and more challenging with 5G. In this paper, we elaborate on some key requirements for the design and implementation of 5G technologies and highlight the key challenges and needs for new solutions as seen in the context of 5G end-to-end measurements. We then discuss the opportunities that MONROE provides and more specifically, how a 5G-capable MONROE platform could facilitate these efforts.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
1 - 42 of 42
CiteExportLink to result list
Permanent link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • apa.csl
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf