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  • 1.
    Alavian-Ghavanini, Ali
    et al.
    Karolinska Institutet.
    Lin, Ping-I
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences (from 2013).
    Lind, P. Monica
    Uppsala University.
    Rimfors, Sabina Risen
    Karolinska Institutet.
    Lejonklou, Margareta Halin
    Uppsala University.
    Dunder, Linda
    Uppsala University.
    Tang, Mandy
    Karolinska Institutet.
    Lindh, Christian
    Lund University.
    Bornehag, Carl-Gustaf
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences (from 2013). Icahn School of Medicine Mt Sinai, New York, USA.
    Rueegg, Joelle
    Karolinska Institutet.
    Prenatal Bisphenol A Exposure is Linked to Epigenetic Changes in Glutamate Receptor Subunit Gene Grin2b in Female Rats and Humans2018In: Scientific Reports, E-ISSN 2045-2322, Vol. 8, article id 11315Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Bisphenol A (BPA) exposure has been linked to neurodevelopmental disorders and to effects on epigenetic regulation, such as DNA methylation, at genes involved in brain function. High doses of BPA have been shown to change expression and regulation of one such gene, Grin2b, in mice. Yet, if such changes occur at relevant doses in animals and humans has not been addressed. We investigated if low-dose developmental BPA exposure affects DNA methylation and expression of Grin2b in brains of adult rats. Furthermore, we assessed associations between prenatal BPA exposure and Grin2b methylation in 7-year old children. We found that Grin2b mRNA expression was increased and DNA methylation decreased in female, but not in male rats. In humans, prenatal BPA exposure was associated with increased methylation levels in girls. Additionally, Iow APGAR scores, a predictor for increased risk for neurodevelopmental diseases, were associated with higher Grin2b methylation levels in girls. Thus, we could link developmental BPA exposure and Iow APGAR scores to changes in the epigenetic regulation of Grin2b, a gene important for neuronal function, in a sexual dimorphic fashion. Discrepancies in exact locations and directions of the DNA methylation change might reflect differences between species, analysed tissues, exposure level and/or timing.

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  • 2. Andersson, K.
    et al.
    Bakke, J. V.
    Björseth, O.
    Bornehag, Carl-Gustaf
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences.
    Clausen, G.
    Hongslo, J. K.
    Kjellman, M.
    Kjärgaard, S.
    Levy, F.
    Mölhave, L.
    Skerfving, S.
    Sundell, J.
    TVOC and health in non-industrial indoor environments. Report from a Nordic scientific consensus meeting at Långholmen in Stockholm1997In: Indoor Air 1997;7:78-91Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 3.
    Angelova, Radostina
    et al.
    Bulgaria.
    Naydenov, Kiril
    Denmark.
    Hägerhed-Engman, Linda
    Swedish National Testing and Research Institute.
    Melikov, Arsen
    Danmark.
    Popov, Todor
    Bulgaria.
    Stankov, Peter
    Bulgaria.
    Bornehag, Carl Gustaf
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences.
    The response rate in postal epidemiological studies in the context of national cultural behaviour2012In: 10th International Conference on Healthy Buildings 2012, 2012, Vol. 2, p. 1429-1434Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this study was to analyse the effect of national cultural differences on the response rate, obtained in questionnaire based epidemiological studies on allergy and asthma, performed in Sweden (DBH) and Bulgaria (ALLHOME). The two studies used one and the same methodology, but the obtained response rate was different: 78.8% in DBH and 34.5% in ALLHOME. The differences in the obtained response rate and the reasons for these differences were analyzed on the basis of the Hofstede’s cultural dimensions’ indexes, which clearly show the distinction in the national cultural behaviour of people in Sweden and Bulgaria. It was found that national culture could strongly influence the response behaviour of people in epidemiological studies and Hofstede’s indexes can be useful tool when designing and performing epidemiological studies, and in particular - questionnaire surveys.

  • 4. Arbuckle, T.
    et al.
    Hauser, R.
    Swan, S.
    Mao, C.
    Longnecker, M.
    Main, K.
    Whyatt, R.
    Mendola, P.
    Legrand, M.
    Rovet, J.
    Till, C.
    Wade, M.
    Jarrell, J.
    Matthews, S.
    Vliet, G.
    Bornehag, Carl-Gustaf
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences.
    Mieusset, R.
    Meeting report: Measuring endocrine-sensitive endpoints within the first year of life2008In: Environmental Health Perspective (in press)Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 5.
    Bauer, A. Z.
    et al.
    University of Massachusetts, USA.
    Kriebel, D.
    University of Massachusetts, USA.
    Herbert, M. R.
    Harvard Medical School, USA.
    Bornehag, Carl-Gustaf
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences (from 2013). Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, USA.
    Swan, S. H.
    Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, USA.
    Prenatal paracetamol exposure and child neurodevelopment: A review2018In: Hormones and Behavior, ISSN 0018-506X, E-ISSN 1095-6867, Vol. 101, p. 125-147Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: The non-prescription medication paracetamol (acetaminophen, APAP) is currently recommended as a safe pain and fever treatment during pregnancy. However, recent studies suggest a possible association between APAP use in pregnancy and offspring neurodevelopment. Objectives: To conduct a review of publications reporting associations between prenatal APAP use and offspring neurodevelopmental outcomes. Methods: Relevant sources were identified through a key word search of multiple databases (Medline, CINAHL, OVID and TOXNET) in September 2016. All English language observational studies of pregnancy APAP and three classes of neurodevelopmental outcomes (autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and intelligence quotient (IQ)) were included. One reviewer (AZB) independently screened all titles and abstracts, extracted and analyzed the data. Results: 64 studies were retrieved and 55 were ineligible. Nine prospective cohort studies fulfilled all inclusion criteria. Data pooling was not appropriate due to heterogeneity in outcomes. All included studies suggested an association between prenatal APAP exposure and the neurodevelopmental outcomes; ADHD, ASD, or lower IQ. Longer duration of APAP use was associated with increased risk. Associations were strongest for hyperactivity and attention-related outcomes. Little modification of associations by indication for use was reported. Conclusions: Together, these nine studies suggest an increased risk of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes following prenatal APAP exposure. Further studies are urgently needed with; precise indication of use and exposure assessment of use both in utero and in early life. Given the current findings, pregnant women should be cautioned against indiscriminate use of APAP. These results have substantial public health implications.

  • 6.
    Bauer, Ann Z.
    et al.
    University of Massachusetts School of Health Sciences, US.
    Swan, Shanna H.
    Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , US.
    Kriebel, David
    University of Massachusetts Lowell, US.
    Liew, Zeyan
    Yale University, US.
    Taylor, Hugh S.
    Yale University, US.
    Bornehag, Carl-Gustaf
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences (from 2013).
    Andrade, Anderson M.
    Universidade Federal do Parana, Brazil.
    Olsen, Jorn
    Aarhus University, Denmark.
    Jensen, Rigmor H.
    University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
    Mitchell, Rod T.
    University of Edinburgh MRC, Scotland.
    Skakkebaek, Niels E.
    University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
    Jegou, Bernard
    Universite de Rennes 1, France.
    Kristensen, David M.
    University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
    Paracetamol Use During Pregnancy-A Call for Precautionary Action2022In: Obstetrical and Gynecological Survey, ISSN 0029-7828, E-ISSN 1533-9866, Vol. 77, no 3, p. 133-134Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Paracetamol, otherwise known as acetaminophen, is the active ingredient in over 600 prescription and nonprescription analgesic and antipyretic medications. Worldwide and in the United States, more than 50% and 65% of pregnant women use acetaminophen, respectively. Currently, acetaminophen is considered to be of minimal risk and appropriate for use during pregnancy by the US Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency. Despite this, there exists concern that environmental exposure to pharmaceuticals including acetaminophen during fetal life may contribute to the increased rates of neurological, urogenital, and reproductive disorders.

    This consensus statement aimed to provide an evidence-based summary of the literature relating to neurological, urogenital, and reproductive outcomes that have been associated with maternal and perinatal use of acetaminophen. This consensus statement was created by an international multidisciplinary group consisting of experts in neurology, obstetrics/gynecologists, pediatrics, epidemiology, toxicology, endocrinology, reproductive medicine, and neurodevelopment. A literature review was conducted for studies published between 1995 and 2020, including only those with acetaminophen as an independent exposure. There is a limitation in the existing epidemiological literature addressing these questions, and future efforts are required.

    This consensus statement and systematic review finds evidence of significant neurodevelopmental and reproductive adverse effects of acetaminophen prenatal exposure, particularly with long-term use. It is recommended by this document that acetaminophen be used by pregnant women cautiously at the lowest effective dose for the shortest possible time and longer or higher-dose use be discussed with a health professional. It is also advised that packaging display warning labels related to the evidence discussed here.

  • 7.
    Bauer, Ann Z.
    et al.
    University of Massachusetts Lowell, USA.
    Swan, Shanna H.
    Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, USA.
    Kriebel, David
    University of Massachusetts Lowell, USA.
    Liew, Zeyan
    Yale School of Public Health, USA.
    Taylor, Hugh S.
    Yale School of Medicine, Yale-New Haven Hospital, USA.
    Bornehag, Carl-Gustaf
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences (from 2013). Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, USA.
    Andrade, Anderson M.
    UFPR, BRA.
    Olsen, Jorn
    Aarhus University, DNK.
    Jensen, Rigmor H.
    University of Copenhagen, DNK.
    Mitchell, Rod T.
    Queens Medical Research Institute, GBR.
    Skakkebaek, Niels E.
    University of Copenhagen, DNK.
    Kristensen, David M.
    University of Copenhagen, DNK; Université de Rennes, FRA.
    Reply to 'Paracetamol use in pregnancy - caution over causal inference from available data'; 'Handle with care - interpretation, synthesis and dissemination of data on paracetamol in pregnancy'2022In: Nature Reviews Endocrinology, ISSN 1759-5029, E-ISSN 1759-5037, Vol. 18, no 3, p. 192-192Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 8.
    Bauer, Ann Z.
    et al.
    University of Massachusetts Lowell, USA.
    Swan, Shanna H.
    Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, USA.
    Kriebel, David
    University of Massachusetts Lowell, USA.
    Liew, Zeyan
    Yale School of Public Health, USA.
    Taylor, Hugh S.
    Yale School of Medicine, USA.
    Bornehag, Carl-Gustaf
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences (from 2013). Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, USA.
    Andrade, Anderson M.
    UFPR, BRA.
    Olsen, Jørn
    Aarhus University, DNK.
    Jensen, Rigmor H.
    University of Copenhagen, DNK.
    Mitchell, Rod T.
    Queens Medical Research Institute, GBR.
    Skakkebaek, Niels E.
    University of Copenhagen, DNK.
    Kristensen, David M.
    University of Copenhagen, DNK; University Rennes, FRA; .
    Reply to 'Paracetamol use in pregnancy - neglecting context promotes misinterpretation'2022In: Nature Reviews Endocrinology, ISSN 1759-5029, E-ISSN 1759-5037, no 18, article id 386Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 9.
    Bauer, Ann Z.
    et al.
    University of Massachusetts School of Health Sciences, USA.
    Swan, Shanna H.
    Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, USA.
    Kriebel, David
    University of Massachusetts School of Health Sciences, USA.
    Liew, Zeyan
    Yale School of Public Health, USA.
    Taylor, Hugh S.
    Yale School of Public Health, USA.
    Bornehag, Carl-Gustav
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences (from 2013). Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, USA.
    Andrade, Anderson M.
    Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), BRA.
    Olsen, Jorn
    Aarhus University, DNK.
    Jensen, Rigmor H.
    University of Copenhagen, DNK.
    Mitchell, Rod T.
    Queens Medical Research Institute, GBR.
    Skakkebaek, Niels E.
    University of Copenhagen, DNK.
    Jegou, Bernard
    Univ Rennes, FRA.
    Kristensen, David M.
    University of Copenhagen, DNK; Univ Rennes, FRA .
    Paracetamol use during pregnancy - a call for precautionary action2021In: Nature Reviews Endocrinology, ISSN 1759-5029, E-ISSN 1759-5037, Vol. 17, p. 757-766Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Paracetamol (N-acetyl-p-aminophenol (APAP), otherwise known as acetaminophen) is the active ingredient in more than 600 medications used to relieve mild to moderate pain and reduce fever. APAP is widely used by pregnant women as governmental agencies, including the FDA and EMA, have long considered APAP appropriate for use during pregnancy when used as directed. However, increasing experimental and epidemiological research suggests that prenatal exposure to APAP might alter fetal development, which could increase the risks of some neurodevelopmental, reproductive and urogenital disorders. Here we summarize this evidence and call for precautionary action through a focused research effort and by increasing awareness among health professionals and pregnant women. APAP is an important medication and alternatives for treatment of high fever and severe pain are limited. We recommend that pregnant women should be cautioned at the beginning of pregnancy to: forego APAP unless its use is medically indicated; consult with a physician or pharmacist if they are uncertain whether use is indicated and before using on a long-term basis; and minimize exposure by using the lowest effective dose for the shortest possible time. We suggest specific actions to implement these recommendations. This Consensus Statement reflects our concerns and is currently supported by 91 scientists, clinicians and public health professionals from across the globe. A growing body of research suggests that prenatal exposure to paracetamol (APAP) might alter development and increase the risk of some reproductive, urogenital and neurodevelopmental disorders. This Consensus Statement calls for precautionary action, including a focused research effort, increasing awareness among health professionals and pregnant women and, whenever possible, minimizing use.

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  • 10. Bergman, Åke
    et al.
    Andersson, Anna-Maria
    Becher, Georg
    van den Berg, Martin
    Blumberg, Bruce
    Bjerregaard, Poul
    Bornehag, Carl-Gustaf
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences (from 2013).
    Bornman, Riana
    Brandt, Ingvar
    Brian, Jayne V
    Casey, Stephanie C
    Fowler, Paul A
    Frouin, Heloise
    Giudice, Linda C
    Iguchi, Taisen
    Hass, Ulla
    Jobling, Susan
    Juul, Anders
    Kidd, Karen A
    Kortenkamp, Andreas
    Lind, Monica
    Martin, Olwenn V
    Muir, Derek
    Ochieng, Roseline
    Olea, Nicolas
    Norrgren, Leif
    Ropstad, Erik
    Ross, Peter S
    Rudén, Christina
    Scheringer, Martin
    Skakkebaek, Niels Erik
    Söder, Olle
    Sonnenschein, Carlos
    Soto, Ana
    Swan, Shanna
    Toppari, Jorma
    Tyler, Charles R
    Vandenberg, Laura N
    Vinggaard, Anne Marie
    Wiberg, Karin
    Zoeller, R Thomas
    Science and policy on endocrine disrupters must not be mixed: A reply to a "common sense" intervention by toxicology journal editors.2013In: Environmental Health, E-ISSN 1476-069X, Vol. 12, p. 69-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The "common sense" intervention by toxicology journal editors regarding proposed European Union endocrine disrupter regulations ignores scientific evidence and well-established principles of chemical risk assessment. In this commentary, endocrine disrupter experts express their concerns about a recently published, and is in our considered opinion inaccurate and factually incorrect, editorial that has appeared in several journals in toxicology. Some of the shortcomings of the editorial are discussed in detail. We call for a better founded scientific debate which may help to overcome a polarisation of views detrimental to reaching a consensus about scientific foundations for endocrine disrupter regulation in the EU.

  • 11.
    Birnbaum, Linda S.
    et al.
    NIEHS, NIH, USA ; Duke University, USA.
    Bornehag, Carl-Gustav
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences (from 2013). Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, USA..
    Phthalates Should Be Regulated as a Class to Protect the Brains of Our Children2021In: American Journal of Public Health, ISSN 0090-0036, E-ISSN 1541-0048, Vol. 111, no 4, p. 551-552Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 12.
    Bjorvang, R. D.
    et al.
    Karolinska institutet.
    Gennings, C.
    Mt Sinai, Dept Environm Med & Publ Hlth, New York.
    Lin, Ping-I
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences (from 2013).
    Hussein, G.
    Centrasjukhuset Karlstad.
    Kiviranta, H.
    Natl Inst Hlth & Welf, Dept Hlth Secur, Kuopio, Finland.
    Rantakokko, P.
    Natl Inst Hlth & Welf, Dept Hlth Secur, Kuopio, Finland.
    Ruokojarvi, P.
    Natl Inst Hlth & Welf, Dept Hlth Secur, Kuopio, Finland.
    Damdimopoulou, P.
    Karolinska institutet.
    Bornehag, Carl-Gustaf
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences (from 2013). Mt Sinai, Dept Environm Med & Publ Hlth, New York.
    Persistent organic pollutants, pre-pregnancy use of combined oral contraceptive and time-to-pregnancy in SELMA cohort2018In: Toxicology Letters, ISSN 0378-4274, E-ISSN 1879-3169, Vol. 295, p. S63-S63Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 13.
    Bjorvang, Richelle D.
    et al.
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Clin Sci Intervent & Technol, Div Obstet & Gynecol, Stockholm, Sweden.;Karolinska Univ Hosp, Stockholm, Sweden.;Karolinska Inst, Unit Toxicol Sci, Swetox, Sodertalje, Sweden..
    Gennings, Chris
    Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Dept Environm Med & Publ Hlth, New York, NY 10029 USA..
    Lin, Ping-I
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences (from 2013).
    Hussein, Ghada
    Karlstad Cent Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Karlstad, Sweden..
    Kiviranta, Hannu
    Natl Inst Hlth & Welf, Dept Hlth Secur, Kuopio, Finland..
    Rantakokko, Panu
    Natl Inst Hlth & Welf, Dept Hlth Secur, Kuopio, Finland..
    Ruokojarvi, Paivi
    Natl Inst Hlth & Welf, Dept Hlth Secur, Kuopio, Finland..
    Lindh, Christian H.
    Dept Lab Med, Div Occupat & Environm Med, Lund, Sweden..
    Damdimopoulou, Pauliina
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Clin Sci Intervent & Technol, Div Obstet & Gynecol, Stockholm, Sweden.;Karolinska Univ Hosp, Stockholm, Sweden.;Karolinska Inst, Unit Toxicol Sci, Swetox, Sodertalje, Sweden..
    Bornehag, Carl-Gustaf
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences (from 2013). Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA.
    Persistent organic pollutants, pre-pregnancy use of combined oral contraceptives, age, and time-to-pregnancy in the SELMA cohort2020In: Environmental Health, E-ISSN 1476-069X, Vol. 19, no 1, article id 67Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background We are exposed to several chemicals such as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in our everyday lives. Prior evidence has suggested that POPs may have adverse effects on reproductive function by disrupting hormone synthesis and metabolism. While there is age-related decline of fertility, the use of hormonal combined oral contraceptives (COCs) and its association to return of fertility remains controversial. The goal of this study is to investigate the association between exposure to POPs, both individually and as a mixture, and fecundability measured as time-to-pregnancy (TTP) according to pre-pregnancy use of COCs and age. Methods Using the SELMA (Swedish Environmental Longitudinal Mother and Child, Allergy and Asthma) study, we have identified 818 pregnant women aged 18-43 years (mean 29 years) with data on how long they tried to get pregnant and what was their most recently used contraceptive method. These data were collected at enrollment to the study (median week 10 of pregnancy). Concentrations of 22 POPs and cotinine were analyzed in the blood samples collected at the same time as the questions on TTP and pre-pregnancy use of contraceptive. Analyses were done on the association between POPs exposure and TTP measured as continuous (months) and binary (infertile for those with TTP > 12 months). To study the chemicals individually, Cox regression and logistic regression were used to estimate fecundability ratios (FRs) and odds ratios (ORs), respectively. Weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression was used to investigate the chemicals as a mixture where chemicals of concern were identified above the 7.6% threshold of equal weights. To perform the subgroup analysis, we stratified the sample according to use of COCs as the most recent pre-pregnancy contraception method and age (< 29 years, and >= 29 years). The models were adjusted for parity, regularity of menses, maternal body mass index (BMI) and smoking status, and stratified as described above. Results Prior to stratification, none of the POPs were associated with fecundability while increased exposure to HCB, PCB 74 and 118 had higher odds of infertility. Upon stratification, POP exposure was significantly associated with longer TTP in women aged >= 29 years who did not use COC. Specifically, PCBs 156, 180, 183, and 187 were associated with reduced fecundability while PCBs 99, 153, 156, 180, 183, and 187 had higher odds of infertility. As a mixture, we identified the chemicals of concern for a longer TTP include PCBs 118, 156, 183, and 187. Moreover, chemicals of concern identified with increased odds of infertility were PCB 74, 156, 183, 187, and transnonachlor. Conclusion Serum concentrations of selected POPs, both as individual chemicals and as a mixture, were significantly associated with lower fecundability and increased odds of infertility in women aged 29 years and above not using COC as their most recent pre-pregnancy contraceptive. Our findings suggest that pre-pregnancy use of oral contraceptive and age may modify the link between POPs and fecundability. The differences of specific chemicals in the individual analysis and as a mixture support the need to study combination effects of chemicals when evaluating reproductive outcomes.

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  • 14.
    Boman Lindström, Cecilia
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences (from 2013).
    von Kobyletzki, Laura
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences (from 2013).
    Hallerbäck, M.U.
    Central Hospital Karlstad.
    Lindh, C.H.
    Lund University.
    Jönsson, B.A.
    Lund University.
    Knutz, Malin
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences (from 2013).
    Shu, Huan
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences (from 2013).
    Bornehag, Carl-Gustaf
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences (from 2013).
    Perfluorinated compounds in serum from 2, 373 pregnant women in Sweden2014In: Indoor Air, ISSN 0905-6947, E-ISSN 1600-0668, p. 927-929Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 15.
    Bornehag, Carl-Gustaf
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences.
    Mönsteranalys av inomhusluft: Undersökning av luftkvaliteten i sjuka hus med flytspackelproblem1994Doctoral thesis, monograph (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Den hälsomässiga effekten som rapporteras i samband med sjuka-hus syndromet (SBS), vars orsak är okänd, kan betraktas som ett mönster av icke specifika symptom såsom irritationer i ögon, näsa och mun, upplevelser av torra sletnhinnor och hud, hudrodnad, mental trötthet och upplevelse av svag men ihållande lukt. Aven exponeringar i inomhusluften kan beskrivas som ett mönster av en mängd olika ämnen, exempelvis VOC, partiklar, sporer m. m. Detta innebär att en av svårigheterna med att undersöka SBS problem är att koppla mönster av symptom till mönster av föroreningar, vilket är mycket komplicerat. Syftet med den genomförda studien har varit att (a) undersöka om det fanns mönsterskillnader med avseende på luftföroreningar (e g. VOC) mellan bostäder med, respektive utan, kaseinhaltigt flytspackel, (b) avgöra om eventuella kritiska substanser kunde hänföras till golvkonstruktionen, (c) studera hur tekniska faktorer (eg. ventilation, temperatur, relativ luftfuktighet) var kopplade till eventuellt kritiska VOC-ämnen, (d) undersöka om det fanns skillnader i symptommönster för boende i lägenheter med, respektive utan, kaseinhaltigt flytspackel. Tekniska mätningar och enkätundersökningar med avseende på de boendes klagomål på inomhusmiljön gjordes i tre bostadsområden. Två områden med uttalade flytspackelproblem (SBS) och ett friskt referensområde. De tre bostadsområdena kunde indelas i nio olika gårdar med 50-130 lägenheter per gård. Enkätundersökningar gjordes i de nio gårdarna med en svarsfrekvens på 75-90 % (n=1309). Tekniska mätningar genomfördes i 6-10 slumpmässigt utvalda lägenheteri varje gård (n=66). De tekniska mätningarna innefattade VOC i inomhusluften (eg. TVOC, enskilda ämnen), specifik emission av VOC från golvkonstruktionen (FLEC), ventilation, temperatur, relativ luftfuktighet m.m. Mönsteranalyser gjordes med Hierchical Cluster Analysis (H CA) och Principal Component Analysis (PCA)). Studien har inte kunnat identifiera någon enskild faktor (eg. TVOC, enskilda VOCämnen, naturliga grupper av,VOC-ämnen) som på ett konsistent sätt kunde förklara de uplevda problemen. Mönsteranalysen kunde emellertid identifiera 8 kritiska ämnen som kunde associeras till lägenheter med kaseinhaltigt flytspackel. Dessa 8 ämnen var bensaldehyd, oktanal, heptanal, dekanal, nonanal, 2-etylhexanol, metylheptenon, oktan. Studien visade vidare att andelen kritiska ämnen av TVOC var signifikant högre i inomhusluften i lägenheter med kaseinhaltigt flytspackel. De två enskilda VOC-ämnena bensaldehyd och 2-etylhexanol kunde eventuellt hänföras till golvkonstruktionen med kaseinhaltigt flytspackel. Det fanns vidare en svag korrelation mellan ammoniak under golvmattor och koncentrationen av 2-etylhexanol i inomhusluften respektive koncentrationen av ammoniak i inomhusluften och en svag korrelation mellan temperatur inomhus och vissa aldehyder i inomhusluften. Slutligen kunde olika mönster av symptom identifieras. Dessa mönster bestod emellertid av naturliga grupper såsom allmänsymptom, slemhinnesymptom och hudsymptom samt klagomål på luftkvaliteten. Studien har visat att flerfaktoriella analysmetoder (mönsteranalys) kan vara en alternativt sätt att studera SBS-problem. En användning av sådana metoder innebär att stora datamaterial blir mer överskådliga vilket kan ge nya hypoteser. Det kan också innebära att ur sensorisk synvinkel mer relevanta exponeringsmått kan identifieras.

  • 16.
    Bornehag, Carl-Gustaf
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences.
    Phthalate exposure heralds birth defects2015In: TrAC. Trends in analytical chemistry, ISSN 0165-9936, E-ISSN 1879-3142, Vol. 64, p. VI-VIArticle in journal (Other academic)
  • 17.
    Bornehag, Carl-Gustaf
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences (from 2013).
    The shift in human health from infection-related diseases to chronic illnesses and the importance of indoor chemical exposure2018In: Indoor Air Pollution / [ed] Peter Pluschke, Hans Schleibinger, Berlin, Germany: Springer, 2018, 2, p. 109-123Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    It has been recently estimated that the pattern of the global burden of diseases – expressed as disability-adjusted life years (DALY) – has changed over the last 20 years and a shift from communicable disorders to noncommunicable disorders has been observed. This shift is more pronounced in high-incomecountries. Even though there is lack of knowledge regarding the cause(s) behind the increase in chronic diseases/disorders, there are scientifically based suspicions that environmental factors do play an important role in interaction with genetic predisposition. Especially diffuse emissions of endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) from consumer products are a matter of concern. The four reasons for concern with human EDC exposure are: The low-dose effect and a non-monotonic dose-response relationshipEarly life sensitivity and the persistency of effectsThe large number of EDC sources in our daily lifeThe wide range of health effects A full chain model is proposed which is following chemicals from their sources over environmental exposures in food, air, and dust over to human uptake and finally to human health effects. The model also includes modifying factors for environmental exposures, different pathways for human uptake, and biological mechanisms involved in health effects. With scientific information in this model risk management should be possible and result in preventive actions in order to reduce children’s exposure to health relevant factors. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014.

  • 18.
    Bornehag, Carl-Gustaf
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences.
    Arne, M
    Janson, C
    Janson, Staffan
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences.
    Boman, G
    Emtner, M
    Physical activity and quality of life in subjects with chronic diseases; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease compared to rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes mellitus2009In: Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care, ISSN 0281-3432, E-ISSN 1502-7724, Vol. 27, no 3, p. 141-147Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 19.
    Bornehag, Carl-Gustaf
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences.
    Blomquist, G.
    Gyntelberg, F.
    Järvholm, B.
    Malmberg, P.
    Nordvall, L.
    Nielsen, A.
    Pershagen, G.
    Sundell, J.
    Dampness in Buildings and Health. Nordic interdisciplinary review of the scientific evidence on associations between exposure to dampness and health effects, NORDDAMP2001In: Indoor Air 2001;11:72-86Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 20.
    Bornehag, Carl-Gustaf
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences.
    Bonini, S.
    Custovic, A.
    Malmberg, P.
    Matricardi, P.
    Skerfving, S.
    Sigsgaard, T.
    Verhoeff, A.
    Sundell, J.
    Dampness in Buildings as a Risk Factor for Health Effects, EUROEXPO. A multidisciplinary review of the literature (1998-2000) on dampness and mite exposure in buildings and health effects2004In: Indoor Air 2004;14:243-257Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 21.
    Bornehag, Carl-Gustaf
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences.
    Carlstedt, Fredrik
    Cty Council Varmland, Karlstad, Sweden..
    Jonsson, Bo A. G.
    Lund Univ, Div Occupat & Environm Med, Lund, Sweden..
    Lindh, Christian H.
    Lund Univ, Div Occupat & Environm Med, Lund, Sweden..
    Jensen, Tina K.
    Univ Southern Denmark, Dept Environm Med, Odense, Denmark..
    Bodin, Anna
    Cty Council Varmland, Karlstad, Sweden..
    Jonsson, Carin
    Cty Council Varmland, Karlstad, Sweden..
    Janson, Staffan
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences.
    Swan, Shanna H.
    Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA..
    Prenatal Phthalate Exposures and Anogenital Distance in Swedish Boys2015In: Journal of Environmental Health Perspectives, ISSN 0091-6765, E-ISSN 1552-9924, Vol. 123, no 1, p. 101-107Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Phthalates are used as plasticizers in soft polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and in a large number of consumer products. Because of reported health risks, diisononyl phthalate (DiNP) has been introduced as a replacement for di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in soft PVC. This raises concerns because animal data suggest that DiNP may have antiandrogenic properties similar to those of DEHP. The anogenital distance (AGD)-the distance from the anus to the genitals-has been used to assess reproductive toxicity. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to examine the associations between prenatal phthalate exposure and AGD in Swedish infants. METHODS: AGD was measured in 196 boys at 21 months of age, and first-trimester urine was analyzed for 10 phthalate metabolites of DEP (diethyl phthalate), DBP (dibutyl phthalate), DEHP, BBzP (benzylbutyl phthalate), as well as DiNP and creatinine. Data on covariates were collected by questionnaires. RESULTS: The most significant associations were found between the shorter of two AGD measures (anoscrotal distance; AGDas) and DiNP metabolites and strongest for oh-MMeOP [mono(4-methyl-7-hydroxyloctyl) phthalate] and oxo-MMeOP [mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate]. However, the AGDas reduction was small (4%) in relation to more than an interquartile range increase in DiNP exposure. CONCLUSIONS: These findings call into question the safety of substituting DiNP for DEHP in soft PVC, particularly because a shorter male AGD has been shown to relate to male genital birth defects in children and impaired reproductive function in adult males and the fact that human levels of DiNP are increasing globally.

  • 22.
    Bornehag, Carl-Gustaf
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences.
    Choi, H
    Schmidbauer, N
    Spengler, J
    Sundell, J
    Sources of propylene glycol and glycol ethers in air at home2010In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, ISSN 1661-7827, E-ISSN 1660-4601, Vol. 7, no 12, p. 4213-4237Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 23.
    Bornehag, Carl-Gustaf
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences.
    Choi, H
    Schmidbauer, N
    Spengler, J
    Sundell, J
    Hasselgren, M
    Common Household Chemicals and the Allergy Risks in Pre-School Age Children2010In: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 24.
    Bornehag, Carl-Gustaf
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences (from 2013). Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, MSSM, New York, USA.
    Gennings, C.
    Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, MSSM, New York; USA.
    A novel approach to chemical mixture risk assessment: Linking data from population based epidemiology and experimental animal tests2018In: Toxicology Letters, ISSN 0378-4274, E-ISSN 1879-3169, Vol. 295, p. S52-S52Article in journal (Refereed)
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  • 25.
    Bornehag, Carl-Gustaf
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences.
    Hederos, C-A
    Janson, Staffan
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences.
    Hedlin, G
    Six-year follow-up of an intervention to improve the management of preschool children with asthma2009In: Acta Paediatrica, ISSN 0803-5253, E-ISSN 1651-2227, Vol. 98, no 12, p. 1939-1944Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 26.
    Bornehag, Carl-Gustaf
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences.
    Holme, J
    Hagerhed-Engman, L
    Sundell, J
    Mattsson, J
    Culturable mold in indoor air and its association with moisture-related problems and asthma and allergy among Swedish children2010In: Indoor Air, ISSN 0905-6947, E-ISSN 1600-0668, Vol. 20, p. 329-340Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 27.
    Bornehag, Carl-Gustaf
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences (from 2013). Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, United States.
    Kitraki, Efthymia
    National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.
    Stamatakis, Antonios
    National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.
    Panagiotidou, Emily
    National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.
    Rudén, Christina
    Stockholm University, Sweden.
    Shu, Huan
    Stockholm University, Sweden.
    Lindh, Christian
    Lund University, Sweden.
    Ruegg, Joelle
    Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.
    Gennings, Chris
    Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, United States.
    A Novel Approach to Chemical Mixture Risk Assessment—Linking Data from Population-Based Epidemiology and Experimental Animal Tests2019In: Risk Analysis, ISSN 0272-4332, E-ISSN 1539-6924, Vol. 39, no 10, p. 2259-2271Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Humans are continuously exposed to chemicals with suspected or proven endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Risk management of EDCs presents a major unmet challenge because the available data for adverse health effects are generated by examining one compound at a time, whereas real-life exposures are to mixtures of chemicals. In this work, we integrate epidemiological and experimental evidence toward a whole mixture strategy for risk assessment. To illustrate, we conduct the following four steps in a case study: (1) identification of single EDCs (“bad actors”)—measured in prenatal blood/urine in the SELMA study—that are associated with a shorter anogenital distance (AGD) in baby boys; (2) definition and construction of a “typical” mixture consisting of the “bad actors” identified in Step 1; (3) experimentally testing this mixture in an in vivo animal model to estimate a dose–response relationship and determine a point of departure (i.e., reference dose [RfD]) associated with an adverse health outcome; and (4) use a statistical measure of “sufficient similarity” to compare the experimental RfD (from Step 3) to the exposure measured in the human population and generate a “similar mixture risk indicator” (SMRI). The objective of this exercise is to generate a proof of concept for the systematic integration of epidemiological and experimental evidence with mixture risk assessment strategies. Using a whole mixture approach, we could find a higher rate of pregnant women under risk (13%) when comparing with the data from more traditional models of additivity (3%), or a compound-by-compound strategy (1.6%).

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  • 28.
    Bornehag, Carl-Gustaf
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences (from 2013). Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai.
    Lindh, C.
    Lunds universitet.
    Reichenberg, A.
    Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York.
    Wikström, S.
    Örebro University.
    Unenge Hallerbäck, Maria
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences (from 2013).
    Evans, S. F.
    Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai.
    Sathyanarayana, S.
    University of Washington, Seattle.
    Barrett, E. S.
    Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ.
    Nguyen, R. H. N.
    University of Minnesota.
    Bush, N. R.
    University of California, San Francisco.
    Swan, S. H.
    Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai.
    Association of Prenatal Phthalate Exposure with Language Development in Early Childhood2018In: JAMA pediatrics, ISSN 2168-6203, E-ISSN 2168-6211, Vol. 172, no 12, p. 1169-1176Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Importance: Prenatal exposure to phthalates has been associated with neurodevelopmental outcomes, but little is known about the association with language development. Objective: To examine the association of prenatal phthalate exposure with language development in children in 2 population-based pregnancy cohort studies. Design, Setting, and Participants: Data for this study were obtained from the Swedish Environmental Longitudinal Mother and Child, Asthma and Allergy (SELMA) study conducted in prenatal clinics throughout Värmland county in Sweden and The Infant Development and the Environment Study (TIDES) conducted in 4 academic centers in the United States. Participants recruited into both studies were women in their first trimester of pregnancy who had literacy in Swedish (SELMA) or English or Spanish (TIDES). This study included mothers and their children from both the SELMA study (n = 963) and TIDES (n = 370) who had complete data on prenatal urinary phthalate metabolite levels, language delay, and modeled covariables. For SELMA, the data were collected from November 1, 2007, to June 30, 2013, and data analysis was conducted from November 1, 2016, to June 30, 2018. For TIDES, data collection began January 1, 2010, and ended March 29, 2016, and data analysis was performed from September 15, 2016, to June 30, 2018. Main Outcomes and Measures: Mothers completed a language development questionnaire that asked the number of words their children could understand or use at a median of 30 months of age (SELMA) and 37 months of age (TIDES). The responses were categorized as fewer than 25, 25 to 50, and more than 50 words, with 50 words or fewer classified as language delay. Results: In the SELMA study, 963 mothers, 455 (47.2%) girls, and 508 [52.8%] boys were included. In TIDES, 370 mothers, 185 (50.0%) girls, and 185 (50.0%) boys were included in this analysis. The prevalence of language delay was 10.0% in both SELMA (96 reported) and TIDES (37 reported), with higher rates of delay in boys than girls (SELMA: 69 [13.5%] vs 27 [6.0%]; TIDES: 12 [12.4%] vs 14 [7.6%]). In crude analyses, the metabolite levels of dibutyl phthalate and butyl benzyl phthalate were statistically significantly associated with language delay in both cohorts. In adjusted analyses, a doubling of prenatal exposure of dibutyl phthalate and butyl benzyl phthalate metabolites increased the odds ratio (OR) for language delay by approximately 25% to 40%, with statistically significant results in the SELMA study (dibutyl phthalate OR, 1.29 [95% CI, 1.03-1.63; P =.03]; butyl benzyl phthalate OR, 1.26 [95% CI, 1.07-1.49; P =.003]). A doubling of prenatal monoethyl phthalate exposure was associated with an approximately 15% increase in the OR for language delay in the SELMA study (OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.00-1.31; P =.05), but no such association was found in TIDES (OR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.79-1.23). Conclusions and Relevance: In findings from this study, prenatal exposure to dibutyl phthalate and butyl benzyl phthalate was statistically significantly associated with language delay in children in both the SELMA study and TIDES. These findings, along with the prevalence of prenatal exposure to phthalates, the importance of language development, and the inconsistent results from a 2017 Danish study, suggest that the association of phthalates with language delay may warrant further examination.

  • 29.
    Bornehag, Carl-Gustaf
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences.
    Moniruzzaman, Syed
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences.
    Larsson, Malin
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences.
    Boman Lindström, Cecilia
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences.
    Hasselgren, Mikael
    Centre for Clinical Research, County Council of Värmland, Karlstad.
    Bodin, Anna
    Centre for Clinical Research, County Council of Värmland, Karlstad.
    von Kobyletzki, Laura B.
    Centre for Clinical Research, County Council of Värmland, Karlstad.
    Carlstedt, Fredrik
    Centre for Clinical Research, County Council of Värmland, Karlstad.
    Lundin, Fredrik
    Centre for Clinical Research, County Council of Värmland, Karlstad.
    Nånberg, Eewa
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Technology and Science, Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences.
    Jönsson, Bo A. G.
    Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University.
    Sigsgaard, Torben
    Department of Public Health, Unit of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, University of Aarhus, Denmark.
    Janson, Staffan
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences.
    The SELMA study: a birth cohort study in Sweden following more than 2000 mother-child pairs2012In: Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, ISSN 0269-5022, E-ISSN 1365-3016, Vol. 26, no 5, p. 456-467Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background:  This paper describes the background, aim and study design for the Swedish SELMA study that aimed to investigate the importance of early life exposure during pregnancy and infancy to environmental factors with a major focus on endocrine disrupting chemicals for multiple chronic diseases/disorders in offspring.

    Methods:  The cohort was established by recruiting women in the 10th week of pregnancy. Blood and urine from the pregnant women and the child and air and dust from home environment from pregnancy and infancy period have been collected. Questionnaires were used to collect information on life styles, socio-economic status, living conditions, diet and medical history.

    Results:  Of the 8394 reported pregnant women, 6658 were invited to participate in the study. Among the invited women, 2582 (39%) agreed to participate. Of the 4076 (61%) non-participants, 2091 women were invited to a non-respondent questionnaire in order to examine possible selection bias. We found a self-selection bias in the established cohort when compared with the non-participant group, e.g. participating families did smoke less (14% vs. 19%), had more frequent asthma and allergy symptoms in the family (58% vs. 38%), as well as higher education among the mothers (51% vs. 36%) and more often lived in single-family houses (67% vs. 60%).

    Conclusions:  These findings indicate that the participating families do not fully represent the study population and thus, the exposure in this population. However, there is no obvious reason that this selection bias will have an impact on identification of environmental risk factors.

  • 30.
    Bornehag, Carl-Gustaf
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences (from 2013).
    Reichenber, A.
    Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.
    Swan, S. H.
    Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.
    Language Development of Young Children Is Not Linked to Phthalate Exposure: Reply2019In: JAMA pediatrics, ISSN 2168-6203, E-ISSN 2168-6211, Vol. 173, no 5, p. 499-499Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 31.
    Bornehag, Carl-Gustaf
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences (from 2013). Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA.
    Reichenberg, Avi
    Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA.
    Unenge Hallerbäck, Maria
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences (from 2013).
    Wikström, Sverre
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences (from 2013).
    Koch, Holger M.
    Institute of the Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany.
    Jonsson, B. A.
    Lund University.
    Swan, Shanna H.
    Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA.
    Prenatal exposure to acetaminophen and children's language development at 30 months2018In: European psychiatry, ISSN 0924-9338, E-ISSN 1778-3585, Vol. 51, p. 98-103Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: To examine prenatal APAP exposure in relation to language development in offspring at 30 months of age. Method: A population-based pregnancy cohort study including 754 women who enrolled in the Swedish Environmental Longitudinal, Mother and child, Asthma and allergy (SELMA) study in pregnancy week 8-13. Two exposure measures were used: (1) maternally reported number of APAP tablets taken between conception and enrollment; (2) APAP urinary concentration at enrollment. Language development at 30 months was assessed by nurse's evaluation and parental questionnaire, including the number of words the child used (<25, 25-50 and >50). Main study outcome; parental report of use of fewer than 50 words, termed language delay (LD). Results: 59.2% of women enrolled in weeks 8-13 reported taking APAP between conception and enrollment. APAP was measurable in all urine samples and urinary APAP was correlated with the number of APAP taken during pregnancy (P < 0.01). Language delay was more prevalent in boys (12.6%) than girls (4.1%) (8.5% in total). Both the number of APAP tablets and urinary APAP concentration were associated with greater LD in girls but not in boys. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for LD among girls whose mothers reported >6 vs. 0 APAP tablets was 5.92 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.10-31.94). The OR for LD in girls whose mothers' urinary APAP was in the highest compared to the lowest quartile was 10.34 (95% CI 1.37-77.86). While it cannot be ruled out, our available data do not support confounding by indication. Conclusions: Given the prevalence of prenatal APAP use and the importance of language development, these findings, if replicated, would suggest that pregnant women should limit their use of this analgesic during pregnancy. (C) 2017 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

  • 32.
    Bornehag, Carl-Gustaf
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences (from 2013). Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA.
    Reichenberg, Avi
    Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA.
    Unenge Hallerbäck, Maria
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences (from 2013).
    Wikström, Sverre
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences (from 2013).
    Koch, Holger M.
    Institute of the Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany.
    Swan, Shanna H.
    Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA.
    Reply to Shukla et al., Commentary on: Prenatal exposure to acetaminophen and children's language development at 30 months2018In: European psychiatry, ISSN 0924-9338, E-ISSN 1778-3585, Vol. 51, p. 86-86Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 33.
    Bornehag, Carl-Gustaf
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences.
    Sundel, Jan
    Tech Univ Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark..
    The Full Chain Model Following SVOCs Indoor From Sources to Health Effects2011In: Epidemiology, ISSN 1044-3983, E-ISSN 1531-5487, Vol. 22, no 1, p. S160-S160Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 34.
    Bornehag, Carl-Gustaf
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences.
    Sundell, J
    The healthy pet keeping effect2004In: Allergy 2004;59(5):554Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 35.
    Bornehag, Carl-Gustaf
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences.
    Sundell, J.
    Hagerhed, L.
    Janson, S.
    Pet-keeping in early childhood and airway, nose and skin symptoms later in life2003In: Allergy 2003;58(9):939-944Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 36.
    Bornehag, Carl-Gustaf
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences.
    Sundell, J.
    Hagerhed-Engman, L.
    Sigsggard, T.
    Janson, S.
    Aberg, N.
    Dampness at home and its association with airway, nose and skin symptoms among 10 851 preschool children in Sweden: a cross sectional study2005In: Indoor Air 2005 15 (Suppl 10) 48-55Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 37.
    Bornehag, Carl-Gustaf
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences.
    Sundell, J.
    Hägerhed-Engman, L.
    Sigsgaard, T.
    Ventilation rate in 390 Swedish homes and the association to allergic symptoms in children. A case control study2005In: Indoor Air 2005 15:275-280Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 38.
    Bornehag, Carl-Gustaf
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences.
    Sundell, J.
    Lundgren, B.
    Weschler, C.
    Sigsgaard, T.
    Hägerhed-Engman, L.
    Phthalates in indoor dust indoor and their association to building characteristics2005In: Journal of Environmental Health Perspectives, ISSN 0091-6765, E-ISSN 1552-9924, Vol. 113, no 10, p. 1399-1404-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In a recent study of 198 Swedish children with persistent allergic symptoms and 202 controls without such symptoms, we reported associations between the symptoms and the concentrations of n-butyl benzyl phthalate (BBzP) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in dust taken from the childrens' bedrooms. In the present study we examined associations between the concentrations of different phthalate esters in the dust from these bedrooms and various characteristics of the home. The study focused on BBzP and DEHP because these were the phthalates associated with health complaints. Associations have been examined using parametric and nonparametric tests as well as multiple logistic regression. For both BBzP and DEHP, we found associations between their dust concentrations and the amount of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) used as flooring and wall material in the home. Furthermore, high concentrations of BBzP (above median) were associated with self-reported water leakage in the home, and high concentrations of DEHP were associated with buildings constructed before 1960. Other associations, as well as absence of associations, are reported. Both BBzP and DEHP were found in buildings with neither PVC flooring nor wall covering, consistent with the numerous additional plasticized materials that are anticipated to be present in a typical home. The building characteristics examined in this study cannot serve as complete proxies for these quite varied sources. However, the associations reported here can help identify homes where phthalate concentrations are likely to be elevated and can aid in developing mitigation strategies.

  • 39.
    Bornehag, Carl-Gustaf
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences.
    Sundell, J.
    Sigsgaard, T.
    Dampness in buildings and health (DBH). Report from an on-going epidemiological investigation on the association between indoor environmental factors and health effects among children in Sweden2004In: Indoor Air. 2004;14 (Suppl 7):59-66Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 40.
    Bornehag, Carl-Gustaf
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences.
    Sundell, J.
    Sigsgaard, T.
    Janson, S.
    Potential self-selection bias in a case control study on indoor environmental factors and their association to asthma and allergy among pre-school children2006In: Scandinavian J Public Health 2006 34(5):534-43Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 41.
    Bornehag, Carl-Gustaf
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences.
    Sundell, J.
    Weschler, C.
    Sigsgaard, T.
    Potential selection biases2005In: Journal of Environmental Health Perspectives, ISSN 0091-6765, E-ISSN 1552-9924, Vol. 112, p. 1393-1397Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 42.
    Bornehag, Carl-Gustaf
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences.
    Sundell,, J.
    Weschler, C.J.
    Sigsgaard, T.
    Lundgren, B.
    Hasselgren, M.
    Hägerhed-Engman, L.
    The association between asthma and allergic symptoms in children and phthalates in house dust: a nested case-control study2004In: Environmental Health Perspective 2004;112(14):1393-1397Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 43.
    Bornehag, Carl-Gustav
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences (from 2013). Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, USA.
    Engdahl, Elin
    Uppsala University.
    Unenge Hallerbäck, Maria
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences (from 2013).
    Wikstrom, Sverre
    Örebro Universitet.
    Lindh, Christian
    Lund University.
    Rüegg, Joëlle
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences (from 2013). Uppsala University.
    Tanner, Eva
    Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, USA.
    Gennings, Chris
    Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, USA.
    Prenatal exposure to bisphenols and cognitive function in children at 7 years of age in the Swedish SELMA study2021In: Environment International, ISSN 0160-4120, E-ISSN 1873-6750, Vol. 150, article id 106433Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Experimental evidence demonstrates that exposure to bisphenol A (BPA), and the recently intro-duced alternatives bisphenol S (BPS) and bisphenol F (BPF) alter normal neurodevelopment. More research is needed to evaluate the associations between exposure to individual BPA alternatives and neurodevelopmental outcomes in humans. Objective: The present study aimed at examining the individual associations between prenatal BPA , BPS and BPF exposure and cognitive outcomes in children at age 7 years. Method: Women were enrolled in the Swedish Environmental Longitudinal Mother and Child, Asthma and Al-lergy (SELMA) study, at gestational median week 10.0, and their children were examined for cognitive function at 7 years of age (N = 803). Maternal urina r y BPA , BPS, and BPF concentrations were measured at enrollment and children?s cognitive function at the age of 7 years was measured using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children IV (WISC-IV). Results: A l l three bisphenols were detected in over 90% of the women, where BPA had the highest geometric mean concentrations (1.55 ng/mL), followed by BPF (0.16 ng/mL) and BPS (0.07 ng/mL). Prenatal BPF exposure was associated with decreased f u l l scale IQ (13 =-1.96, 95%CI;-3.12;-0.80), as we l l as with a decrease in a l l four sub scales covering verbal comprehension, perceptual reasoning, working memor y and processing speed. This association corresponded to a 1.6-point lower IQ score for an inter-quartile-range (IQR) change in prenatal BPF exposure (IQR = 0.054 & ndash;0.350 ng/mL). In sex-stratified analyses, significant associations with f u l l scale IQ were found for boys (13 = - 2.86, 95%CI;-4.54;-1.18), while the associations for girls did not reach significance (13 =-1.38, 95%CI;-2.97; 0.22). No significant associations between BPA nor BPS and cognition were found. Discussion: Prenatal exposure to BPF was significantly associated with children?s cognitive function at 7 years. Since BPF is replacing BPA in numerous consumer products globally, this finding urgently ca l l for further studies.

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  • 44.
    Bölling, Anette
    et al.
    Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norway.
    Holme, Jörn
    Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norway.
    Bornehag, Carl-Gustaf
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences (from 2013).
    Nygaard, Unni C
    Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norway.
    Bertelsen, Randi
    Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norway.
    Nånberg, Eewa
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences (from 2013).
    Bodin, Johanna
    Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norway.
    Sakhi, Amrit Kaur
    Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norway.
    Thomsen, Cathrine
    Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norway.
    Becher, Rune
    Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norway.
    Pulmonary phthalate exposure and asthma: Is PPAR a plausible mechanistic link?2013In: EXCLI Journal: Experimental and Clinical Sciences, E-ISSN 1611-2156, Vol. 12, p. 733-759Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Due to their extensive use as plasticisers in numerous consumer products, phthalates have become ubiquitous environmental contaminants. An increasing number of epidemiological studies suggest that exposure to phthalates may be associated with worsening or development of airway diseases. Peroxisome Proliferation Activated Receptors (PPAR)s, identified as important targets for phthalates in early studies in rodent liver, have been suggested as a possible mechanistic link. In this review we discuss the likelihood of an involvement of PPARs in asthma development and exacerbation due to pulmonary phthalate exposure. First, we go through the literature on indoor air levels of phthalates and pulmonary phthalate kinetics. These data are then used to estimate the pulmonary phthalate levels due to inhalation exposure. Secondly, the literature on phthalate-induced activation or modulation of PPARs is summarized. Based on these data, we discuss whether pulmonary phthalate exposure is likely to cause PPAR activation, and if this is a plausible mechanism for adverse effects of phthalates in the lung. It is concluded that the pulmonary concentrations of some phthalates may be sufficient to cause a direct activation of PPARs. Since PPARs mainly mediate antiinflammatory effects in the lungs, a direct activation is not a likely molecular mechanism for adverse effects of phthalates. However, possible modulatory effects of phthalates on PPARs deserve further investigation, including partial antagonist effects and/or cross talk with other signalling pathways. Moreover other mechanisms, including interactions between phthalates and other receptors, could also contribute to possible adverse pulmonary effects of phthalates.

  • 45.
    Callesen, M.
    et al.
    Denmark.
    Weschler, C.
    Denmark.
    Jensen, T.
    Denmark.
    Clausen, G.
    Denmark.
    Toftum, J.
    Denmark.
    Beko, G.
    Denmark.
    Bornehag, Carl Gustaf
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences.
    Sigsgaard, T.
    Denmark.
    Hoest, A.
    Denmark.
    The adjuvant effect of phthalate exposure on IgE sensitisation in early childhood2012In: Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, ISSN 0105-4538, E-ISSN 1398-9995, Vol. 67, p. 654-655Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 46.
    Caporale, Nicolo
    et al.
    European Institute of Oncology, ITA.; University of Milan, ITA.;Human Technopole, ITA.
    Leemans, Michelle
    Sorbonne University, FRA; University Paris, FRA.
    Birgersson, Lina
    University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Germain, Pierre-Luc
    European Institute of Oncology, ITA; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, CHE;University of Zurich, CHE.
    Cheroni, Cristina
    European Institute of Oncology, ITA.;University of Milan, ITA;Human Technopole, ITA.
    Borbely, Gabor
    SWETOX, Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center.
    Engdahl, Elin
    SWETOX, Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center ;Uppsala University.
    Lindh, Christian
    Lund University, Sweden.
    Bressan, Raul Bardini
    University of Edinburgh, GBR.
    Cavallo, Francesca
    European Institute of Oncology, ITA.;University of Milan, ITA.
    Chorev, Nadav Even
    European Institute of Oncology, ITA.;University of Milan, ITA.
    D'Agostino, Giuseppe Alessandro
    European Institute of Oncology, ITA.;University of Milan, ITA;Nanyang Technology University, SGP.
    Pollard, Steven M.
    University of Edinburgh, GBR.
    Rigoli, Marco Tullio
    European Institute of Oncology, ITA ;University of Milan, ITA.
    Tenderini, Erika
    European Institute of Oncology, ITA.
    Tobon, Alejandro Lopez
    European Institute of Oncology, ITA.
    Trattaro, Sebastiano
    European Institute of Oncology, ITA ;University of Milan, ITA.
    Troglio, Flavia
    European Institute of Oncology, ITA.
    Zanella, Matteo
    European Institute of Oncology, ITA;Evotec SE, DEU.
    Bergman, Ake
    SWETOX, Swedish Toxicology Sciences ;Stockholm University;Örebro University.
    Damdimopoulou, Pauliina
    SWETOX, Swedish Toxicology Sciences;Karolinska Institutet ;Karolinska University Hospital.
    Jonsson, Maria
    Uppsala University.
    Kiess, Wieland
    University of Leipzig, DEU.
    Kitraki, Efthymia
    University of Athens,GRC.
    Kiviranta, Hannu
    Finnish Institute of Health & Welfare, FIN.
    Nånberg, Eewa
    Örebro University, Sweden.
    Oberg, Mattias
    SWETOX, Swedish Toxicology Sciences;Karolinska Institutet .
    Rantakokko, Panu
    Finnish Institute of Health & Welfare, FIN.
    Ruden, Christina
    Stockholm University, Sweden.
    Soder, Olle
    Karolinska Institutet.; Stockholm University Hospital, Sweden.
    Bornehag, Carl-Gustaf
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences (from 2013).
    Demeneix, Barbara
    Sorbonne University, FRA.
    Fini, Jean-Baptiste
    Sorbonne University, FRA.
    Gennings, Chris
    Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, USA.
    Ruegg, Joelle
    Swetox Swedish toxicology sciences research center; Uppsala University.
    Sturve, Joachim
    University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Testa, Giuseppe
    European Institute of Oncology, ITA.;University of Milan, ITA ;Human Technopole, ITA.
    From cohorts to molecules: Adverse impacts of endocrine disrupting mixtures2022In: Science, ISSN 0036-8075, E-ISSN 1095-9203, Vol. 375, no 6582, p. 735-+Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Convergent evidence associates exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) with major human diseases, even at regulation-compliant concentrations. This might be because humans are exposed to EDC mixtures, whereas chemical regulation is based on a risk assessment of individual compounds. Here, we developed a mixture-centered risk assessment strategy that integrates epidemiological and experimental evidence. We identified that exposure to an EDC mixture in early pregnancy is associated with language delay in offspring. At human-relevant concentrations, this mixture disrupted hormone-regulated and disease-relevant regulatory networks in human brain organoids and in the model organisms Xenopus leavis and Danio rerio, as well as behavioral responses. Reinterrogating epidemiological data, we found that up to 54% of the children had prenatal exposures above experimentally derived levels of concern, reaching, for the upper decile compared with the lowest decile of exposure, a 3.3 times higher risk of language delay.

  • 47.
    Carlstedt, F.
    et al.
    Landstinget i Värmland.
    Jonsson, B. A. G.
    Lunds universitet.
    Bornehag, C. -G
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences.
    PVC flooring is related to human uptake of phthalates in infants2013In: Indoor Air, ISSN 0905-6947, E-ISSN 1600-0668, Vol. 23, no 1, p. 32-39Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) flooring material contains phthalates, and it has been shown that such materials are important sources for phthalates in indoor dust. Phthalates are suspected endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Consecutive infants between 2 and 6 months old and their mothers were invited. A questionnaire about indoor environmental factors and family lifestyle was used. Urinary metabolites of the phthalates diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), butylbenzyl phthalate (BBzP), and dietylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) were measured in the urine of the children. Of 209 invited children, 110 (52%) participated. Urine samples were obtained from 83 of these. Urine levels of the BBzP metabolite monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP) was significantly higher in infants with PVC flooring in their bedrooms (P < 0.007) and related to the body area of the infant. Levels of the DEHP metabolites MEHHP (P < 0.01) and MEOHP (P < 0.04) were higher in the 2-month-old infants who were not exclusively breast-fed when compared with breast-fed children. The findings indicate that the use of soft PVC as flooring material may increase the human uptake of phthalates in infants. Urinary levels of phthalate metabolites during early life are associated with the use of PVC flooring in the bedroom, body area, and the use of infant formula. Practical Implications This study shows that the uptake of phthalates is not only related to oral uptake from, for example, food but also to environmental factors such as building materials. This new information should be considered when designing indoor environment, especially for children.

  • 48.
    Choi, H.
    et al.
    Univ Albany, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Rensselaer, NY 12144 USA..
    Byrne, S.
    Univ Albany, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Rensselaer, NY 12144 USA..
    Larsen, L. S.
    Danish Technol Inst, Mycol Lab, Taastrup, Denmark..
    Sigsgaard, T.
    Aarhus Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Sect Environm Occupat & Hlth, Aarhus C, Denmark..
    Thorne, P. S.
    Univ Iowa, Dept Occupat & Environm Hlth, Iowa City, IA USA..
    Larsson, L.
    Lund Univ, Lund, Sweden..
    Sebastian, A.
    Lund Univ, Lund, Sweden..
    Bornehag, Carl-Gustaf
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences. Tech Res Inst Sweden, Boras, Sweden.
    Residential culturable fungi, (1-3,1-6)-beta-d-glucan, and ergosterol concentrations in dust are not associated with asthma, rhinitis, or eczema diagnoses in children2014In: Indoor Air, ISSN 0905-6947, E-ISSN 1600-0668, Vol. 24, no 2, p. 158-170Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Qualitative reporting of home indoor moisture problems predicts respiratory diseases. However, causal agents underlying such qualitative markers remain unknown. In the homes of 198 multiple allergic case children and 202 controls in Sweden, we cultivated culturable fungi by directly plating dust, and quantified (1-3, 1-6)-beta-d-glucan and ergosterol in dust samples from the child's bedroom. We examined the relationship between these fungal agents and degree of parent or inspector-reported home indoor dampness, and microbiological laboratory's mold index. We also compared the concentrations of these agents between multiple allergic cases and healthy controls, as well as IgE-sensitization among cases. The concentrations of culturable fungal agents were comparable between houses with parent and inspector-reported mold issues and those without. There were no differences in concentrations of the individual or the total summed culturable fungi, (1-3, 1-6)-beta-d-glucan, and ergosterol between the controls and the multiple allergic case children, or individual diagnosis of asthma, rhinitis, or eczema. Culturable fungi, (1-3, 1-6)-beta-d-glucan, and ergosterol in dust were not associated with qualitative markers of indoor dampness or mold or indoor humidity. Furthermore, these agents in dust samples were not associated with any health outcomes in the children.

  • 49.
    Choi, H.
    et al.
    SUNY Albany, Rensselaer, NY 12144 USA.
    Thorne, P.
    Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Iowa City, IA USA.
    Bornehag, Carl-Gustaf
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences.
    Response to Miller2015In: Indoor Air, ISSN 0905-6947, E-ISSN 1600-0668, Vol. 25, no 1, p. 117-117Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 50.
    Choi, H.
    et al.
    SUNY Albany, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Albany, NY 12222 USA..
    Thorne, P. S.
    Univ Iowa, Dept Occupat & Environm Hlth, Iowa City, IA USA..
    Sigsgaard, T.
    Aarhus Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Sect Environm Occupat & Hlth, Aarhus C, Denmark..
    Bornehag, Carl-Gustaf
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences. Tech Res Inst Sweden, Boras, Sweden.
    Response to Rylander2014In: Indoor Air, ISSN 0905-6947, E-ISSN 1600-0668, Vol. 24, no 2, p. 223-224Article in journal (Refereed)
1234 1 - 50 of 161
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