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  • 1.
    Andersson, Anders
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences (from 2013).
    Bergman, Eva
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences (from 2013).
    Greenberg, Larry
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Biology.
    Piccolo, John
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences (from 2013).
    Comparing mail-in, interview and tournament catch rates for a recreational salmonid fisheryManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 2.
    Andersson, Anders
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences (from 2013).
    Greenberg, Larry
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences (from 2013).
    Bergman, Eva
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences (from 2013).
    Su, Z.
    Michigan Department of Natural Resources and University of Michigan.
    Andersson, M
    Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences.
    Piccolo, John
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences (from 2013).
    Recreational trolling effort and catch of Atlantic salmon and brown trout in Vänern, the EU's largest lake2020In: Fisheries Research, ISSN 0165-7836, E-ISSN 1872-6763, Vol. 227, article id 105548Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Recreational fishing has grown substantially worldwide; for some recreational fisheries both catch and economic value now exceeds that of commercial fisheries. Monitoring of recreational fisheries effort and catch is therefore important for sustainable fisheries management. We developed and implemented an angler survey to estimate effort and catch for the recreational trolling fishery for landlocked Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brown trout (S. trutta) in Lake Vänern, Sweden. Major challenges were the large spatial scale and dispersed fishing effort, a lack of revenue from fishing licence sales, and a lack of catch reporting requirements. We developed a complemented roving/mail-in survey to estimate effort and catch during the main fishing periods, spring and fall, 2014. Instantaneous counts from major access sites were used for effort estimates, and mail-in surveys were used for catch rates. Our results show that Vänern supports a salmon and trout fishery of some 28.7 ± 3.3 tonnes per year. Fishing effort was higher in the spring than in the fall, and there were seasonal differences in catch rates for trout but not for salmon. Estimates show that the recreational trolling fishery now harvests more salmon and trout annually than do the commercial and subsistence fisheries combined. This highlights the importance of continuing an angler survey program for Vänern as a key element for sustainable fisheries management, and can serve as a model for other recreational fisheries at large spatial scales.

  • 3.
    Andersson, Anders
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences (from 2013).
    Greenberg, Larry
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences (from 2013).
    Bergman, Eva
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences (from 2013).
    Su, Zhenming
    Andersson, Magnus
    Piccolo, John
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences (from 2013).
    Estimating effort and catch of a recreational trolling fishery in one of Europe’s largest lakesManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 4.
    Bergman, Eva
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Biology.
    Changes in abundance of two percids, Perca fluviatilis and Gymnocephalus cernuus along a productivity gradient: Relations to feeding strategies and competitive ability1991In: Can J Fish Aquat Sci 48:536-545Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 5.
    Bergman, Eva
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Biology.
    Changes in nutrient load and lake water chemistry in Lake Ringsjön, southern Sweden, from 1966 to 19961999In: Hydrobiologia 404:9-18Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 6.
    Bergman, Eva
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Biology.
    Conservations of landlocked populations of Atlantic salmon and brown trout2012Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 7.
    Bergman, Eva
    Lunds universitet.
    Distributions and competitive abilities of perch Perca fluviatilis and ruffe Gymnocephalus cernuus along environmental gradients1990Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
  • 8.
    Bergman, Eva
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Biology.
    Ecology of Atlantic Salmon and Brown Trout - Habitat as a Template for Life Histories2012In: Fish and Fisheries, ISSN 1467-2960, E-ISSN 1467-2979, Vol. 13, no 3, p. 360-360Article, book review (Other academic)
  • 9.
    Bergman, Eva
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Biology.
    Effects of roach Rutilus rutilus on two percids, Perca fluviatilis and Gymnocephalus cernuus: importance of species interactions for diet shifts1990In: Oikos 57:241-249Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 10.
    Bergman, Eva
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Biology.
    Foraging abilities and niche breadths of two percids, Perca fluviatilis and Gymnocephalus cernua, under different environmental conditions1988In: J Anim Ecol 57:443-453Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 11.
    Bergman, Eva
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Biology.
    Influence of light and temperature on fish1984Report (Refereed)
  • 12.
    Bergman, Eva
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Biology.
    Lax och öring i Klarälven2010Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 13.
    Bergman, Eva
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences (from 2013).
    Migrationof Atlantic salmon – conservation of a landlocked population in Sweden2013Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Populations of migratory salmon and trout have worldwide shown a decline due to human activities. Over the years numerous measures have been undertaken to maintain these populations, and conservation of migratory salmonids requires understanding of their ecology at multiple scales, combined with assessing anthropogenic impacts. The regulated River Klarälven and Lake Vänern host endemic populations of landlocked Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brown trout (Salmo trutta). The historically high abundances of the salmonids in the River Klarälven in the early 1800s have decreased dramatically, reaching all-time lows after the completion of all nine Swedish hydroelectric power stations in the 1960s. After an extensive stocking program and transportation of wild and hatchery-raised spawners past eight hydroelectric plants, catches from commercial, maintenance and sport fishing have again increased. Recently, increases in the proportion of wild salmon returning to the River Klarälven have generated interests in establishment of wild salmon inhabiting the entire River Klarälven, including upstream of the Norwegian border. To obtain information needed to produce a management plan for the salmon, we conducted a number of studies of upstream-migrating spawners and downstream-migrating smolts. For upstream migration, we compared migration behaviour of wild and hatchery reared salmon and found that wild fish swam directly to the spawning grounds and presumably spawned, whereas few salmon of hatchery-origin arrived at the spawning grounds, and if they did so they swam considerably more before settling down at the spawning grounds. Studies of smolt showed that only 16% of the salmon passed all eight dams, and that losses in the dam-free lower 25 km of the river, before the salmon enter the lake, were higher for hatchery-raised smolts than for wild smolt. These differences between wild and hatchery-reared salmon underline the importance of increasing the number of wild salmon in the system and indicate that remedial measures are needed to improve passage success.

  • 14.
    Bergman, Eva
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Biology.
    Ringsjön i Skåne, restaurering genom cyprinidreduktion - effekten av fiskreduktionen1997Report (Refereed)
  • 15.
    Bergman, Eva
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Biology.
    Salmon and trout in Lake Vänern - What can we do for the wild fish?2012Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Populations of migratorysalmon and trout have worldwide shown a decline due to human activities. Overthe years numerous measures have been undertaken to maintain these populations,and conservation of migratory salmonids requiresunderstanding of their ecology at multiple scales, combined with assessinganthropogenic impacts. Theregulated River Klarälven and Lake Vänern host endemic populations oflandlocked Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brown trout (Salmo trutta). The historically high abundances of the salmonids in theRiver Klarälven in the early 1800s have decreased dramatically, reachingall-time lows after the completion of all nine Swedish hydroelectric powerstations in the 1960s. After an extensive stocking program and transportationof spawners past eight hydroelectric plants catches from commercial,maintenance and sport fishing have again increased. Recently, increases in theproportion of wild salmon returning to the River Klarälven have generated interestsin establishment of wild salmon inhabiting the entire River Klarälven, includingupstream of the Norwegian border. How well are we equipped to meet these newdreams, taking into account our limited knowledge of the species different lifestages, coordination between different actors involved in the conservationprocesses, and our skills to communicate and understand everybody’s role inthis conservation process?

  • 16.
    Bergman, Eva
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Biology.
    Smolt, föda och vandring - sjövandrande lax och öring2007Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 17.
    Bergman, Eva
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Biology.
    Temperature-dependent differences in foraging ability of two percids, Perca fluviatilis and Gymnocephalus cernuus1987In: Env Biol Fish 19:45-53Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 18.
    Bergman, Eva
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Biology.
    Åtgärder i stora reglerade vattendrag2009Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 19.
    Bergman, Eva
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Biology.
    Annadotter, H.
    Cronberg, G.
    Eriksson, M.
    Romare, P.
    Sjörestaurering genom cyprinidreduktion. Finjasjöns status under 1992 och 1993 samt effekter av mörtfiskreduktionen1994Report (Refereed)
  • 20.
    Bergman, Eva
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Biology.
    Bergstrand, E.
    Lack of a top-down effect on the zooplankton community after a cyprinid reduction1999In: Hydrobiologia 404:77-87Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 21.
    Bergman, Eva
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Biology.
    Bergstrand, G.
    Cronberg, G.
    Eriksson, M.
    Romare, P.
    Sjörestaurering genom cyprinidreduktion. Ringsjöns status under 19931994Report (Refereed)
  • 22.
    Bergman, Eva
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Biology.
    Calles, Olle
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Biology.
    Greenberg, Larry
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Biology.
    Lans, L
    Norrgård, Johnny
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Biology.
    Olsson, I
    Piccolo, John J
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Biology.
    Schmitz, M
    Vandrande fisk i Klarälven2008Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 23.
    Bergman, Eva
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Biology.
    Cronberg, G.
    Eriksson, M.
    Hamrin, S.F.
    Linge, H.
    Romare, P.
    Ekosystemets struktur och infiltrationskapacitet i några infiltrationsdammar i Vombs vattenverk. Ekologiska undersökningar 19931994Report (Refereed)
  • 24.
    Bergman, Eva
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences (from 2013).
    Eriksson, Monica
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013).
    Med en doktorsexamen från Karlstads universitet: Alumner om forskarstudier och arbete 20222024Report (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
    Download full text (pdf)
    Svensk version
    Download full text (pdf)
    English version
  • 25.
    Bergman, Eva
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Biology.
    Greenberg, Larry
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Biology.
    Competition between a planktivore, a benthivore, and a species with ontogenetic niche shifts1994In: Ecology 75:1233-1245Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 26.
    Bergman, Eva
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Biology.
    Greenberg, Larry
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Biology.
    Gustafsson, Pär
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Biology.
    Gosselin, Marie-Pierre
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Biology.
    Forest-stream linkages: Effects of woody debris on brown trout (Salmo trutta)2009Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 27.
    Bergman, Eva
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences.
    Greenberg, Larry
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences.
    Norrgård, Johnny
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences.
    Piccolo, John
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences.
    Schmitz, Monika
    Evolutionsbiologiskt centrum, Uppsala universitet.
    Lax och öring i Klarälven - möjligheter för vild fisk och kvalité på odlad fisk: Slutrapport 2008-20122013Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Data från 1800-talet visar att fångsterna av lax och öring i både älv och sjö varit mycket högre än idag. Storskaliga dämmen, kraftigt fiske i Dejeforsen, nio kraftverk i den svenska delen av Klarälvens huvudfåra, och användandet av älven för timmerflottning har bidragit till detta. Efter att utsättning av kompensationsodlad fisk startade ökade fångsten igen, även om den fortfarande är låg.

    Fältundersökningar av vild laxsmolt visade att 16 % av smolten klarade sig hela vägen förbi de åtta kraftverken mellan Edebäck och Forshaga. Under studien var vattenföringen, och därmed spillet, lågt, vilket troligen bidragit till de höga förlusterna. Normalt spills det inte under hela smoltvandringsperioden, vilket är olyckligt.

    Lax och öring uppfödda under normala odlingsförhållanden är oftast större och fetare än vild fisk. Vi födde upp lax med olika fodertyper och fodermängder. Mängden föda påverkade laxens tillväxt och smoltmognad, och lax som fått fettfattigt foder var mest ”naturlik”. Den klarade också vandringen bäst, 80 % tog sig till Vänern medan 55 % av laxen som fått normalt eller lite foder. Bara 20 % av tidigt könsmogna hanar tog sig till Vänern.

    Rapporten avslutas med implikationer och förslag till åtgärder och fortsatta studier.

    Download full text (pdf)
    Lax och öring i Klarälven
  • 28.
    Bergman, Eva
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Biology.
    Greenberg, Larry
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Biology.
    Norrgård, Johnny R
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Biology.
    Piccolo, John J
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Biology.
    Schmitz, Monika
    Uppsala universitet.
    Lax och öring i Klarälven - möjligheter för vild fisk och kvalité på utsatt fisk: Rapport av aktiviteter och uppnådda resultat under 2009-20102010Report (Other academic)
  • 29.
    Bergman, Eva
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences.
    Greenberg, Larry
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences.
    Norrgård, Johnny R
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences.
    Piccolo, John J
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences.
    Schmitz, Monika
    Lax och öring i Klarälven - möjligheter för vild fisk och kvalité på utsatt fisk: Rapport av aktiviteter och uppnådda resultat under 2010-20112011Report (Other academic)
  • 30.
    Bergman, Eva
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Biology.
    Greenberg, Larry
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Biology.
    Piccolo, John
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Biology.
    Norrgård, Johnny
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Biology.
    Schmitz, Monika
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Biology.
    Lax och öring i Klarälven: möjligheter för vild fisk och kvalité på utsatt fisk2009Report (Other academic)
  • 31.
    Bergman, Eva
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Biology.
    Hamrin, SF
    Romare, P.
    The effects of cyprinid reduction on the fish community1999In: Hydrobiologia 404:65-75Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 32.
    Bergman, Eva
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Biology.
    Hansson, L-A
    Andersson, G.
    Biomanipulation in a theoretical and historical perspective1999In: Hydrobiologia 404:53-58Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 33.
    Bergman, Eva
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Biology.
    Hansson,, L-A
    Persson, A
    Strand, J
    Romare, P
    Enell, M
    Graneli, W
    Svensson, J
    Hamrin, SF
    Cronberg, G
    Andersson, G
    Bergstrand, E
    Synthesis of theoretical and empirical experiences from nutrient and cyprinid reductions in Lake Ringsjön1999In: Hydrobiologia 404:145-156Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 34.
    Bergman, Eva
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences.
    Norrgård, Johnny
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences.
    Piccolo, John
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences.
    Gustafsson, Pär
    Nilsson, Fredrik
    Länstyrelsen i Västra Göralands län.
    Hart, Paul
    University of Leicester.
    Atlantic salmon and brown trout in Lake Vänern: A proposal for a co-management system2014In: Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management, ISSN 1463-4988, E-ISSN 1539-4077, Vol. 17, no 4, p. 365-373Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Co-management is of increasing interest for fisheries management. We explore possibilities for, and barriers to, developing a co-management system, using threatened populations of landlocked Atlantic Salmon and Brown Trout as examples. Good management of natural resources requires not only knowledge about the resource but also suitable tools to collect information and make decisions. In large ecosystems this can be difficult because many actors are involved, and various societal borders and traditions become barriers. Vänern is the largest lake in the EU and it holds several distinct populations of large-bodied landlocked Atlantic Salmon and Brown Trout. The lake is used for commercial, subsistence, and sport fishing as well as for other recreational activities, and in Klarälven, the largest river entering Vänern, sport fishing is popular. These salmonid populations were at critically low levels during the 1960s, but a stocking program since then has maintained the fishery, and at least one wild stock appears to be recovering since being protected in 1993. Ecosystem users all have different needs: in the lake, sport fishermen say that catches of hatchery fish have declined, and commercial fishermen have focused on other species. In the river, wild salmon may be recovering: sport fishing is popular and an ongoing project investigates the possibilities for salmon to be able to circumvent hydro-electrical plants and reach historical Norwegian spawning areas. Not only do we lack information about the salmonids’ different life stages, we also lack a suitable socio-political organization to find sustainable solutions to the different needs of diverse user groups. We argue that a co-management system that enfranchises user groups in the Vänern-Klarälven ecosystem will improve sustainable management of wild and hatchery fish.

  • 35.
    Bergman, Eva
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Biology.
    Nyberg, Lars
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Centre for Climate and Safety.
    Bladh, Gabriel
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Geography and Tourism. Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Centre for the Studies of Social Sciences Didactics.
    Brandin, Elisabeth
    Laskerudsprojektet -helhetssyn på restaureringsarbete i skogslandskapet2005Report (Refereed)
  • 36.
    Bergman, Eva
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Biology.
    Piccolo, John
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Biology.
    Greenberg, Larry
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Biology.
    Raising brown trout (Salmo trutta) with less food - effects on smolt development and fin damage2013In: Aquaculture Research, ISSN 1355-557X, E-ISSN 1365-2109, Vol. 44, p. 1002-1006Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 37.
    Bergman, Eva
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Biology.
    Piccolo, John
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Biology.
    Norrgård, Johnny
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Biology.
    Greenberg, Larry
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Biology.
    Schmitz, Monika
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Biology.
    Landlocked migrating salmonids in large regulated systems2010Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 38.
    Borg, Carola
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences.
    Gericke, Niklas
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences.
    Höglund, Hans-Olof
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences.
    Bergman, Eva
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Biology. Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences.
    Subject- and experience-bound differences in teachers' conceptual understanding of sustainable development2014In: Environmental Education Research, ISSN 1350-4622, E-ISSN 1469-5871, Vol. 20, no 4, p. 526-551Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This article describe the results of a nationwide questionnaire study of 3229 Swedish upper secondary school teachers’ understanding of sustainable development in relation to their subject discipline and teaching experience. Previous research has shown that teachers have difficulties understanding the complex concept of sustainable development. According to the Swedish curriculum all teachers in all subjects should integrate a holistic perspective of sustainable development including economic, ecological and social dimensions. This study shows that teachers differ in their understanding of the concept mostly according to their subject traditions. Social science teachers emphasize social dimensions, and science teachers’ ecological dimensions, respectively. Teachers are aware of the relevance of the three dimensions to various degrees, but do not generally have a holistic understanding. The greatest uncertainty in teachers’ understanding is related to the economic dimension. Science and social science teachers are critical of incorporating economic growth into the concept of sustainable development while language, vocational and esthetical-practical teachers are not. No experience-bound differences of the teachers’ understanding could be found, but recently qualified teachers consider their understanding of sustainable development to be poorer in comparison to more experienced teachers’ self-evaluation. The study highlights the need for further training in sustainable development since more than 70 % of the questioned teachers stated that they need such training.

  • 39.
    Borg, Carola
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Biology.
    Gericke, Niklas
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Biology.
    Höglund, Hans-Olof
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Biology.
    Bergman, Eva
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Biology.
    The barriers encountered by teachers implementing education for sustainable development2012In: Research in Science & Technological Education, ISSN 0263-5143, E-ISSN 1470-1138, Vol. 30, no 2, p. 185-207Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background : According to the Swedish curriculum teachers in all subjects have a responsibility to integrate a holistic perspective of sustainable development (SD) and teach according to an education for sustainable development (ESD) approach. However previous research has shown that teachers from different subjects perceive SD differently.

    Purpose : The study aimed at investigating if and how teachers’ subject area influences their ability to implement a holistic perspective of ESD; we investigated both the impact of teaching traditions and the barriers that teachers experienced.

    Sample : A stratified sample of 224 Swedish upper secondary schools participated. An online questionnaire was sent and answered by a total of 3229 teachers at these schools. In total, there were 669 science teachers, 373 social science teachers, 483 language teachers, 713 vocational and esthetical–practical teachers, and 739 teachers from other disciplines who participated in the survey.

    Design and methods : The questionnaire consisted of questions requiring Likert-scale responses and multiple-choice questions. The data from the questionnaire were analyzed using Pearson’s Chi-square test and one-way ANOVA. The significance level accepted was p < 0.05.

    Results : Teachers were influenced by their own subject traditions. Science teachers in our study were grounded in the fact-based tradition and lectures were the most common teaching method used. The teaching tradition of the social science teachers seemed to be most in line to an ESD approach. Many language teachers (41%) stated they did not include SD issues in their teaching at all. Among the barriers identified, the most common obstacles were that the teachers lacked inspiring examples of how to include SD in their teaching and that they lacked the necessary expertise about SD.

    Conclusion : This study highlights the need for the management within schools to create opportunities for teachers to work collaboratively when teaching ESD. It is also important to provide further training that is adjusted to the needs of different disciplines.

  • 40.
    Bowes, Rachel E.
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences (from 2013). Emporia State University, USA.
    Bergman, Eva
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences (from 2013).
    Donadi, Serena
    Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden.
    Greenberg, Larry
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences (from 2013).
    Sandin, Leonard
    Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Norway; Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Norway.
    Lind, Lovisa
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences (from 2013).
    Landscape features control river's confluences water quality and tributary fish composition2023In: Rivers Research and Applications: an international journal devoted to river research and management, ISSN 1535-1459, E-ISSN 1535-1467, Vol. 39, no 6, p. 1025-1036Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Rivers networks represent hierarchical dendritic habitats within terrestrial landscapes and differences in connectivity and land use influence dispersal, and consequently biodiversity patterns. We, therefore, measured variation in water chemistry and fish abundance and related these to a number of landscape characteristics (e.g., wetland, urban, wooded, and agricultural) in the River Klaralven and its 30 permanently flowing tributaries. We hypothesized that these environmental attributes would differ between tributary and main stem habitat and that these differences would be driven by landscape attributes including land use. We found considerable intertributary variation in temperature and nutrient levels, and between the tributaries and the main stem. Generally, water temperature was lower in the tributaries, whereas nutrient levels were higher in the tributaries. The lower water temperature has implications for coldwater fishes, and we found two fishes, burbot and lamprey, associated with coldwater tributaries. We also found an inverse relationship between water quality and anthropogenic land use. Protecting tributaries with low anthropogenic impact will likely become increasingly important with ongoing global warming as they can function as thermal refugia for coldwater fishes. Hence, this study underscores the need to evaluate water courses at regional scales to identify spatial refuges and ensure connectivity.

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  • 41.
    Bowes, Rachel E.
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences (from 2013).
    Näslund, Joacim
    SLU – the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences.
    Greenberg, Larry
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences (from 2013).
    Bergman, Eva
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences (from 2013).
    Cobble substrate in a surface bypass reduces bypass acceptance by common roach Rutilus rutilus2021In: Ecological Engineering: The Journal of Ecotechnology, ISSN 0925-8574, E-ISSN 1872-6992, Vol. 172, article id 106402Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Historically, ecological engineered solutions for fish passage across anthropogenic barriers in rivers has mainly focused on facilitating upstream passage for long-migrating diadromous fish, such as salmonids. More recently, passage solutions have shifted their focus to a more holistic ecological perspective, allowing passage for species with different swimming capacity, both upstream and downstream. This experiment investigated whether the addition of cobble in the passageway of a surface bypass could facilitate downstream movement of a cyprinid fish, the common roach Rutilus rutilus. Surface bypasses were constructed in large experimental flumes and roach were released into the flumes and monitored for bypass passage using PIT-telemetry through 11-h night-trials. Behavior was scored using four continuously-recording video cameras at the bypass construction. There was a negative effect of substrate-treatment on the passage rate through the bypass. The majority of the fish in the No substrate treatment had successfully passed within 4 h, while a lesser proportion of the fish in the Substrate treatment had done so (additional fish in the latter treatment passed later in the trials). Fish exposed to cobble substrate in the bypass passageway showed more avoidance-like behaviors at the ramp section of the bypass and tended to return back upstream more often than the fish in the no-substrate control trials. When reaching the passageway, the substrate-exposed fish expressed no behaviors that could be indicative of reduced passage success, as compared to controls. We conclude that passage was not hindered by the presence of cobble substrate, but passage was delayed due to avoidance behavior at the bypass ramp when cobble substrate was present. Based on these results, the addition of cobble substrate in a surface bypass cannot be recommended as a measure to facilitate the downstream passage performance of the common roach through surface bypasses.

  • 42.
    Calles, Olle
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Biology.
    Greenberg, Larry
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Biology.
    Schmitz, Monika
    Bergman, Eva
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Biology.
    Hultman, Jens
    Andersson, Jonas
    Smolt migration in the River Klarälven, the importance of food2006Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 43.
    Calles, Olle
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences.
    Griffioen, Ben
    IMARES Wageningen UR, Netherlands.
    Winter, Erwin
    IMARES Wageningen UR, Netherlands.
    Watz, Johan
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences.
    Nyqvist, Daniel
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences.
    Hagelin, Anna
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences.
    Gustafsson, Stina
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences.
    Österling, Martin
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences.
    Piccolo, John
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences.
    Greenberg, Larry
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences.
    Bergman, Eva
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences.
    Fish Migration River Monitoring Plan2014Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Fish have problems passing the Afsluitdijk Dam that separates the Wadden Sea from Lake IJsselmeer. To re-establish the connectivity and thereby allow fish to pass there is an initiative to build a fishway, the Fish Migration River (FMR), at the Konwerderzand sluice complex. This report proposes a monitoring program to evaluate the functionality of the FMR, but also to monitor passage possibilities through the existing sluices. The goals of the monitoring plan are to estimate 1) The overall passage past the Afsluitdijk dam to and from Lake IJsselmeer, 2) The attraction efficiency, 3) The passage efficiency, and 4) The use of the FMR as habitat and for acclimatization for the transition into freshwater.

    We present an overview of previous and ongoing monitoring in the area to establish the current state of knowledge. The report also includes a presentation of available and suitable methods for a future monitoring program considering the broad spectra of target fish species, and their abundances. The proposed program includes a description of study design and available techniques and cost-estimates of the monitoring program.

    The proposed program will target ten species: European eel (aal), flounder (bot), three-spined stickleback (dreidoornige stekelbaars), twait shad (fint), North Sea houting (houting), river lamprey (rieverprik), smelt (spiering), Atlantic salmon (zalm), brown trout (forel) and sea lamprey (zeeprik). The monitoring program includes plans for how to capture, tag and track the study fish using the most suitable tagging techniques. Furthermore, the most optimal sites for installation of automatic data detection stations are identified.

    The total cost for the proposed project is 3.5 M€ and covers both investments in equipment and costs for personnel. However, if costs for investments in techniques such as RFId-stations and fish counters are excluded, the total cost is reduced to 1 M€ for a program running two years before and four years after the completion of the FMR. The program is considered sufficient to evaluate the FMR at Kornwerederzand from the most important perspectives: the overall passage efficiency and the use of the FMR as habitat.

    It should be noted that this report is the first step towards a full-scale monitoring program, giving insight into possible methods, study design and associated costs. The next important step will be to develop the program in more detail and to start the initial phase of the monitoring project. We predict that such activities will identify the need for, and the relevance of, a more extensive monitoring program to study the effects of the FMR on a population level and on a large geographical scale.

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  • 44.
    Carlsson, Niclas
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences (from 2013).
    Nyquist, Nils
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences (from 2013).
    Bergman, Eva
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences (from 2013).
    Diet hos adult insjölevande lax (Salmo salar) och öring (Salmo trutta) i Vänern.2023Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Naturförvaltning kräver god kunskap om ekosystemet, och för en god fiskförvaltning är det en grundförutsättning att man har kunskap om fisksamhällets arter och hur näringsväven det ingår i är sammansatt. Idag finns flera olika metoder för att undersöka fiskars födoval (stabila isotoper, DNA mm) men traditionella maganalyser är fortfarande en bra metod för att undersöka fiskars diet, och den ger dessutom information om fiskens trofiska placering i födoväven. Vänern har stammar av endemisk sjövandrande av lax (Salmo salar) och öring (Salmo trutta) som har ett särskilt bevarandevärde och är skyddade av EU’s habitatdirektiv. I syfte att förstå mer av födoväven dessa stammar ingår i undersökte vi dieten hos odlad vuxen lax och öring fångad i Vänern. Detta genomfördes under åren 2021-2022 och prov samlades in både vår och höst med hjälp av sportfiskare i samband med årliga sportfisketävlingar. Fisk samlades in från hela Vänern, men fördelningen uppdelat på de tio fångstzonerna var ojämn. Sammanlagt 95 laxar och 265 öringar undersöktes varav 87% av laxarna fångades på våren och 64% av öringarna. Medianlängden var 71 cm och medianvikten 4,0 kg för de analyserade laxarna och 69 cm respektive 3,9 kg för öringarna. Resultaten visar att lax och öring i det undersökta storleksspannet har likartad diet och att nors dominerar i båda arternas diet. För både lax och öring var merparten av norsen i dieten i storleksspannet 50 – 130 mm, vilket i stort speglar storleksfördelningen av nors i Vänern, men laxen åt mindre byten i genomsnitt än vad öringen gjorde. Vi fann även siklöja och storspigg och ett fåtal abborrar i dieten. Ungefär en tredjedel av maginnehållet var så långt nedbrutet att artidentifiering inte var möjlig. Under 2022 noterade vi att det fanns parasiter (bandmasken Eubotrium sp.) i 100% av laxarna och 98% av öringarna. Insamlingsmetodiken innebär att bara odlad lax och öring med ett minimått på minst 60 cm ingår i studien.

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  • 45.
    Enefalk, Åsa
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences.
    Bergman, Eva
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences.
    Effect of fine wood on juvenile brown trout behaviour in experimental stream channels2016In: Ecology of Freshwater Fish, ISSN 0906-6691, E-ISSN 1600-0633, Vol. 25, no 4, p. 664-673Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In-stream wood can increase shelter availability and prey abundance for stream-living fish such as brown trout, Salmo trutta, but the input of wood to streams has decreased in recent years due to harvesting of riparian vegetation. During the last decades, fine wood (FW) has been increasingly used for biofuel, and the input of FW to streams may therefore decrease. Although effects of in-stream FW have not been studied as extensively as those of large wood (LW), it is probably important as shelter for small-sized trout. In a laboratory stream experiment, we tested the behavioural response of young-of-the-year wild brown trout to three densities of FW, with trout tested alone and in groups of four. Video recordings were used to measure the proportion of time allocated to sheltering, cruising and foraging, as well as the number of aggressive interactions and prey attacks. Cruising activity increased with decreasing FW density and was higher in the four-fish groups than when fish were alone. Foraging decreased and time spent sheltering in FW increased with increasing FW density. Our study shows that juvenile trout activity is higher in higher fish densities and that trout response to FW is related to FW density and differs from the response to LW as reported by others. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons A/S.

  • 46.
    Enefalk, Åsa
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Biology.
    Bergman, Eva
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Biology.
    Effects of fine wood addition on invertebrate drift in boreal forest streamsManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Fine woody debris (FWD) is a key habitat component for stream-living organisms, but there have been few tests of its importance for macroinvertebrate drift in boreal forest streams. We experimentally investigated the effect of FWD addition on the drift fauna at seven sites in four boreal forest streams, from early June to mid-August 2011. This was done by anchoring bundles of FWD at each site and measuring drift upstream (within site control) and downstream of each bundle. We hypothesized that addition of FWD would increase drift density and biomass of stream invertebrates as well as drift taxon richness. Variation between sites was high, with site-specific minimum values of drift biomass of 0.2 - 4.1 mg wet mass/100 m3 and maximum values of 3.9 - 41.7 mg/100 m3. Despite this variation, there was a significant increase in total aquatic drift density and biomass 8 to 10 weeks after wood addition. Aquatic taxon richness in the drift also increased significantly after FWD addition. This study shows for the first time that FWD can increase drifting invertebrate density, biomass and taxon diversity in small boreal forest streams.

  • 47.
    Enefalk, Åsa
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences.
    Bergman, Eva
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences.
    Effects of fine wood on macroinvertebrate drift in four boreal forest streams2016In: Hydrobiologia, ISSN 0018-8158, E-ISSN 1573-5117, Vol. 765, no 1, p. 317-327Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Most studies of stream wood have focused on pieces a parts per thousand yen0.1 m diameter. However, this approach may overlook an important feature of small streams, where wood < 0.1 m can constitute the majority of wood pieces. We examined the effect of fine wood (FW) on local drift of stream macroinvertebrates. The study was carried out at seven sites in four boreal forest streams, from early June to mid-August 2011. This was done by anchoring bundles of FW at each site and measuring drift upstream and downstream of each bundle. We hypothesized that FW would increase drift density, biomass and diversity of aquatic invertebrates. Ten weeks after FW addition, aquatic drift density was higher downstream than upstream of FW bundles, while drift biomass and drift diversity did not differ significantly downstream and upstream of FW.

  • 48.
    Enefalk, Åsa
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences.
    Bergman, Eva
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Biology.
    Juvenile brown trout response to fine woody debris in experimental stream channelsManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Changes in riparian vegetation due to forest harvesting may affect the input of fine woody debris, an important structural element, to streams. Woody debris has been shown to benefit trout populations. In-stream fine woody debris (FWD) has not been studied as extensively as large woody debris, but is probably important to smaller-sized trout. In a laboratory stream experiment we tested young-of-the-year wild brown trout, Salmo trutta, responses to three densities of fine woody debris (FWD). The trout were tested as singletons and four together. Swimming activity increased with increasing fish density and decreasing FWD density. Foraging decreased and time spent in FWD increased with increasing FWD density. Aggressiveness was lowest in intermediate FWD density. Our study shows that FWD impact on trout is related to fish rank, fish density and FWD density, and that juvenile trout response to fine WD is different from the response to large WD reported by others.

  • 49.
    Enefalk, Åsa
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences (from 2013).
    Huusko, Ari
    National Resources Institute, Finland.
    Louhi, Pauliina
    University of Oulu, Finland.
    Bergman, Eva
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences (from 2013).
    Fine stream wood decreases growth of juvenile brown trout (Salmo trutta)2019In: Environmental Biology of Fishes, ISSN 0378-1909, E-ISSN 1573-5133, Vol. 102, no 5, p. 759-770Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this study, the growth rate, gut fullness, diet composition and spatial distribution of brown trout was compared between artificial channels with and without fine wood (FW). Access to FW resulted in significantly lower brown trout growth rates over the study period from late summer to early winter as water temperatures declined from 17 °C to 1 °C. Access to FW resulted in minor differences in occurrence of the most common taxa found in brown trout diets, except for chironomid larvae which were found in c. 60% of the brown trout guts from control treatments but in only 30% of the guts from FW treatments in early winter. Diet consisted primarily of case-bearing and free-living Trichoptera larvae, Asellus, chironomid and Ephemeroptera larvae. Brown trout gut fullness was not significantly affected by access to FW bundles. Brown trout aggregated among FW but were more evenly distributed in channels lacking it. Our results suggest that juvenile brown trout use FW as a shelter at a wide range of water temperatures, and that this behaviour may result in reduced growth rates during their first fall and the onset of their first winter. We also show that prey availability and the composition of brown trout diet changes from late summer to early winter and that FW has a small but significant effect on brown trout diet composition.

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  • 50.
    Enefalk, Åsa
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences (from 2013).
    Watz, Johan
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences (from 2013).
    Greenberg, Larry
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences (from 2013).
    Bergman, Eva
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences (from 2013).
    Winter sheltering by juvenile brown trout (Salmo trutta): Effects of stream wood and an instream ecothermic predator2017In: Freshwater Biology, ISSN 0046-5070, E-ISSN 1365-2427, Vol. 62, no 1, p. 111-118Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In boreal streams, juvenile salmonids spend substantial amounts of time sheltering in the streambed and in stream wood, presumably as a means of protection against the physical environment and from terrestrial endothermic predators. Relatively little is known about sheltering by salmonids in response to instream ectothermic predators.We tested the effects of burbot (Lota lota) on the winter sheltering behaviour of PIT-tagged 0+ brown trout (Salmo trutta) in daylight and darkness. Sheltering in the streambed by trout was studied in the presence and absence of fine wood bundles.We found that the use of streambed and fine wood was lower in darkness than in daylight. Availability of fine wood significantly decreased sheltering in the streambed, and this effect was more pronounced in daylight than in darkness. The presence of a burbot significantly decreased sheltering in the streambed, had no effect on use of fine wood and resulted in a higher number of exposed trout.Our results indicate that juvenile brown trout decrease streambed sheltering in response to a burrowing, ectothermic predator.

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