Självkörande bilar betraktas ofta som nästa steg i utvecklingen av bilen och som en del av det autonoma samhället. Bilproducenter världen över menar att vi kan se självkörande fordon så snart som år 2020 och trycker på både forskning och utveckling av självkörande fordon. Beroende på vilken grad av automatisering och hur politiken tillåter självkörande fordon att inträda i samhället, väcker detta frågor som är viktiga att studera. Vem ska äga självkörande fordon? Vilka kommer att köra självkörande fordon? Kommer det att planeras självkörande fordon? Kommer individens rörelsemönster att ändras? I så fall, hur?

I den här studien försöker vi svara på några av dessa frågor genom att undersöka vad bilen inneburit för individens mobilitet i historien och vad självkörande fordon skulle kunna förändra in i framtiden. Vi ställer oss även frågan om självkörande fordon kommer att påverka planeringen av stadsrummet. Studiens teoretiska referensram utgörs av tidigare forskning och teorier som berör mobiliteten, bilismen och planeringen. Metoden är kvalitativ och utgörs av semistrukturerade intervjuer och dokumentstudier. En intervju gjordes med en respondent från Göteborgs Stad och två stycken intervjuer gjordes Trafikverket. Dokumentstudien utgår ifrån VTI, Statens Väg- och Transportforskningsinstitut och SKL, Sveriges Kommuner och Landsting. Alla de olika myndigheterna har en betydelsefull roll i implementeringen av självkörande fordon och intervjuguiden utgår ifrån de teoretiska utgångspunkterna och den tidigare forskningen.    

I studiens slutsats kommer vi fram till att självkörande fordon påverkar planeringen av stadsrummet, men inte i den stora mån vi först trodde. Planeringen av självkörande fordon kan troligtvis främst ske utanför redan etablerade områden och främst när det planeras nytt. Vi kom även fram till att självkörande fordon kan komma att ändra mobiliteteten hos den urbana individen eftersom självkörande fordon har potentialen att erbjuda fler val av rörelse av rörelse och därmed öka tillgängligheten i stadsrummet.

The purpose of this study is to investigate whether Karlstad City Fiber Network visual elements in the form of a pair of speech bubbles fit into the organization's holistic external communication and branding. The study examines whether Karlstad City Fiber Network image of the organization and the speech bubbles match the stakeholders view and how the visual elements are perceived and recognized by stakeholders. The theory associated with the study is theories of corporate visual identity, image, identity and branding and visual communication. These three elements are important to be aware of when a generation of an effective external communications. Qualitative interviews with employees at Karlstad City Fiber Network and Karlstad municipality has undertaken to give an idea of ​​what the organization wants to achieve and what their opinions are. Karlstad City Fiber Network wants stakeholders to perceive the brand building marketing records as playful, with a twinkle in his eye and inviting to dialogue while the direct information shall be straight and free of jargon. The organization wishes that stakeholders see them as a safe choice as well as local and accessible for inhabitants of Karlstad. Karlstad City Fiber Network sees it as a great advantage to be taken of Karlstad Municipality, which also welcomes the urban network is municipal. Through focus group interviews with Karlstad City Fiber Network stakeholders, the inhabitants of Karlstad, it has emerged that the speech bubbles is not recognized, but it is only when the speech bubbles is put into a context, such as newspaper or newsletter that it can be linked to anything that advocates the municipality of Karlstad and dialogue. It is concluded that corporate visual identity is the link between the visual and the context of an organization's marketing. Stakeholders see Karlstad City Fiber Network as a credible organization that is simple yet eye-catching newsletters, but believe that their marketing is somewhat vague and confusing.

During the COVID-19 pandemic Sweden stood out globally as a country that persistently refused to take drastic measures like proclaiming a curfew or a lockdown on public and commercial facilities. Instead, a “softer” approach was chosen. The population was only recommended to restrain as much as possible from social contact as well as other cautionary measures. In this chapter this Swedish “exception” is addressed, with a focus on regional differences. Much political and media focus has been on the spread of COVID-19 in the large postindustrial cities. Instead, we focus on the situation in the sparsely populated northern part, Sápmi, once colonized by the Swedish kingdom. Here, the city of Gällivare was severely affected by the virus. In symbiosis with the state-controlled mining industry, the community had a steady national and international inflow of mining-related personnel which resulted in one of the highest infection rates per capita nationally.

Some of the most perceptive contributions to the geographic study of media and communication have been in areas of landscapes studies and geohumanities. To bring landscape and geohumanities insights together more explicitly with communication and media, this progress report draws on George Revill’s concept of an ‘arc of sound’, expanding the concept’s scope to an arc of communication – a dynamic trajectory connecting one vantage point to another through various translations and shifts. It is a mix of integration and translation that forms its own space, place and time, integrating elements of embodied performance, multiple sensory modalities, temporality, absence and excess. Arcs of communication often depend on collaboration and can produce transformations of identity. The concept of the arc of communication enables discovery of numerous threads connecting landscape studies to geohumanities while deepening geographical understandings of media and communication.

Maps showing immigration into Europe are a potential source of journalistic bias. Limited time and funding to create maps of migration can lead to dependence on data from institutions dedicated to controlling migration, in effect promoting a logic of surveillance directed at immigrants rather than a logic of hospitality based on respect for human rights. There are organizational and logistical barriers to overcome if migration is to be portrayed in ways that support thoughtful, democratic, rights-based deliberation but efforts need to be made to map migration in ways that reveal the geographical experiences of individual immigrants including their movement paths and the risks they face. This article examines unusual maps of migration, drawing on examples from news media as well as from non-governmental organizations, research teams, book authors, private companies, and entertainment media based in several European countries. The examples provide a foundation for concrete recommendations regarding the responsible use of cartographic visualization as a component of immigration news.

Disconnection is a research topic that attracts increasing amounts of attention. However, there is a lack of research on how different forms of disconnection are related to the production of space and place. This chapter introduces the volume Disentangling: The Geographies of Digital Disconnection, which gathers 12 chapters from different disciplines. Bringing together key insights from the chapters, this introduction overviews the research terrain and presents an agenda for research into the geographies of digital disconnection. It discusses (1) the power geometries of (dis)connection; (2) the existential issues stemming from digitally entangled lives, and (3) how the ambiguities of (dis)connection are accentuated and exposed in time-spaces of social disruption (e.g., during the COVID-19 pandemic). The chapter also proposes disentangling as a complementary term for contextualizing issues of (dis)connection from a social and spatial perspective. Disentangling is ultimately a matter of rethinking and reworking the entangling force of connective media. 

People adopt geographical strategies to distance themselves from digital sociality. Rather than merely turning off devices, they engage in a broader, more durable project of disentangling. This effort responds to the homogenizing, standardizing forces of connective media and their coercive entanglements: socially normalized routines of personal media use, hybridizations of human agency with communication technologies, and digitally mediated activities that generate predictive and prescriptive products. Geographical attention to disentangling is merited by the fact that it comes in local variants and brings questions of place and human territoriality back onto the agenda in significantly new ways as part of a postdigital territoriality. We offer two vignettes revealing place's role as protective, with its territoriality drawing a line around the self. We argue that postdigital territoriality inevitably reflects a differentiated terrain of gender, income, profession, and other elements of positionality.

Abstract

Urbanization and densification are growing city populations at the same time as private backyards and green areas are diminished. Consequently, public playgrounds are becoming more important for providing children with opportunities for outdoor play in urban environments. Access to outdoor play promotes children’s development and improves their social, physical and psychological health. The children’s right to play in the city is however far from guaranteed. Urban planning is often dominated by adult perspectives, prioritizing their needs and wants above all else. For children with disabilities the access to spaces within public realms and playgrounds in urban environments is even more limited. 

This study aims to explore the experiences of children with visual impairments regarding public playgrounds and to analyze opportunities for improvements to their access to and use of these playgrounds. Additionally, the goal is for the study’s results to contribute to a usable matrix for accessibility adaptation for children with visual impairments. To achieve this, the study utilized interviews and field observations conducted together with children with visual impairments and their parents in Karlstad and students with visual impairments and teachers at Ekeskolan in Örebro. During these interviews and field observations children with visual impairments, their parents and teachers shared their experiences and opinions on what is required of public playgrounds in urban environments. Finally, site audits to five public playgrounds in Stockholm city and two public playgrounds in Örebro were conducted to complement the results from the main interviews and field observations of the study. 

The result of the study indicates that public playgrounds in urban environments need further adaptation to be accessible to children with visual impairments. The playgrounds exhibited a lack of opportunity for children with visual impairments to move and play freely. Furthermore, the playgrounds lacked provisions for utilizing tactile and auditory senses for orientation within the playgrounds and the use of play equipment. In consultation with the study’s respondents and participants, we crated suggestions and recommendations for how accessibility around and within public playgrounds can be improved for children with visual impairments. Of the measures identified, three stand out as particularly effective: improvements in color contrasts on play environments and play equipment, the inclusion of auditory resources and auditory play and tactile markings on paths to and within playgrounds. It is the conclusion of this study that accessibility adaptation of public playgrounds in urban environments for children with visual impairments cannot be achieved without the participation of the children themselves. The process requires continuous consultation with children with visual impairments and their parents to find specialized yet effective solutions that can accommodate all children regardless of disabilities. 

Keywords: Right to the city, children’s right to play, children with visual impairments, accessibility, public playgrounds in urban environments

The essay examines the members' relationship with feedback within two institutions, the Department of Geography, Media and Communication (GMK) and the Department of Educational Studies (IPS) at Karlstad University. Feedback is a communication tool used to promote organizational development. This individual development is essential for a university's business because of its members knowledge and skills are one of its most important assets. The importance of this kind of communication is manifested in the university's institutionalization of feedback and how it is integrated into the work routines. The problem area is comprised of how these institutions differ in the structure in relation to the classical hierarchical business structure, with a clear ranking between boss and employee, focusing on the role of feedback in this type of organization. Research that focuses specifically on this type of structure within an organization is currently underrepresented and therefore creates a research hole. The purpose of the paper is to examine the two mentioned institutions with a focus on feedback, its institutionalization and its integration into the work routines, and how the members relate to this process. To investigate the impact of this institutionalization of feedback, the following three questions were created:  How is criticism conducted within an organization where feedback is institutionalized?  How does the view of feedback differ from these institutions compared with companies with a classical hierarchical organizational structure? How does organizational culture affect the ability but also the willingness to criticize and to give and receive feedback? In order to answer these questions, relevant prior research in the area has been identified. The different theories chosen relate to five different factors: Channel selection, leadership, relationships, organizational culture and feedback, all of which are directly linked to the research area. Examples of these theories are Information Richness Theory (IRT) that emphasizes how different communication channels should be applied. Leader membership exchange theory (LMX) and Conceptual model of employee questions emphasize how personal relationships affect communication and how leadership structure within an organization affects feedback. An additional central component of how members relate to feedback is the organizational culture. This culture can be broken into three different categories; identification, trust and dedication. They all have an impact on the feedback process and should therefore be taken into account. Research related to feedback can also be found in the previous research section. The application of a survey gave the opportunity to draw general conclusions about the population. The questions in the questionnaire are anchored in the previous research and are operationalized in relation to the three research questions. The collected data showed that the institutionalization of feedback has a predominantly positive effect on members' relation to this. The members of the institution generally have strong and prosperous relationships with their colleagues and leaders. Members feel that they can freely express their views regardless of their professional position, and these views are respected, which is a consequence of the strong trust they have for their colleagues and leaders. Identification to the institutions is generally strong, which affects the members' commitment and the willingness to develop. Feedback requires a channel that can transmit complex information, which will simultaneously enable two-way communication and be personalized to achieve the desired effect. This relates to the institutions and feedback is transmitted primarily orally. This result shows that a thoughtful attitude to feedback has a major impact on the organization's activities.

The climate crisis is one of the largest global challenges that humanity has ever faced. Despite the scientific consensus on the threat, action is not occurring on the pace or level needed to stave off the consequences. As climate change is made up by complex and conjoined causes and effects, the issue is also riddled with communicative challenges which those calling for action need to tackle. Climate change communication research has, however, mainly focus on how traditional news media frame the climate change issue and overlooks climate activist and movement groups. This despite these actors being key for shifting public perceptions and public opinion. Although research on other communication actors exist, it is far from extensive and the research field overlooks the publics perceptions of the sender in relation to the construction of climate messages. Through survey data and an experiment, this doctoral thesis explores the public’s inclination towards different protest action repertoires and addresses the research gap in the climate movement message construction. Herein, the actions and words of three subgroups within the larger environmental movement is considered as one part of a larger message whole. The groups chosen action repertoires are viewed as part of the activists’ performed message and the linguistic communication styles created by lexical choices related to emotional appeals are part of the activists’ verbal/textual message. The results indicate that there is much to be gained from adhering to an alignment between lexical choices and action repertoires. Alignment may be key for understanding why some movement subgroups are successful in inspiring certain actions whilst others inspire other actions. Communication-action alignment is a way to approach the interconnectedness of actions and words for complex and abstract issues that require message recipients to construct consonant mental models to break potential cognitive dissonance.

The purpose of this study is to find out how Swedish voluntary migrants communicate with friends in three different groups: friends that resides in the same country as the respondent currently lives in, friends in Sweden, friends in other countries around the globe and whether or not individual mobility, demographic factors or a sense of global citizenship affect the chosen mean of communication. The reason behind the study is to introduce a previously unstudied area into the field of geographically based media studies and hopefully contribute to a deeper understanding of the role played by different means of communication in shaping the dynamics of global friendship. The theoretical approach in this study will be from three different outlooks, migration, polymedia (including the second-level digital divide) and cosmopolitanism.

The study is based on data from the Institute for Society, Opinion and Media (SOM) and their survey questionnaire sent out to Swedish expatriates during fall 2014 / winter 2015, also known as Utlands-SOM. The total number of respondents are 2268. The study starts with basic frequencies to find out which media that are the most prominent, then binary logistic regressions have been made. The total number of dependent variables are 21 and these have then been analysed from seven independent variables; age, gender, education, travel patterns, years spent abroad, number of countries lived in and whether or not the respondent consider himself/herself being a cosmopolitan. This generates a total of seven tables (one for each media) with three models in each (contact with friends in current country of residency, contact with friends in Sweden and contact with friends in other parts of the world).

Amongst Swedish expatriates, e-mail and Facebook are the two most popular media for keeping in touch with friends, regardless of the friends location. The most significant demographic variable is age. Usage of video call, text message, chat, Facebook and other social media tend to decrease with age. Every year spent abroad decreases the communication with friends in Sweden, but increases the communication in the current country of residency. The number of countries lived in have a positive effect on communication with friends in other parts of the world. Cosmopolitan self-identity is found to be most significant when communicating with friends in other parts of the world, and it also affects e-mail the most. Level of education, which in previous studies have been found closely linked to a cosmopolitan identity, is found to have no significant correlation. Arguably, this is explained by the other means of communications negative relationship with the variable.

Climate change communication spans multiple disciplines which in many cases have insufficient understanding of each other's research traditions and, therefore, there has not been a solid interdisciplinary debate. This makes it hard not only to survey the field at large but also to pinpoint further studies which are needed to bridge these knowledge divides. The aim of this systematic literature review is to shed a broader light on the field of environmental and climate change communication and to make possible research gaps more apparent. Through an extensive quantitative content analysis of journal articles (N= 407), this study provides an understanding of the methodological, theoretical, and geographical approaches within the field. The findings show that a typical study within the field is a quantitative content analysis of traditional news media in the West. We have also uncovered some important insufficiencies of the search engines commonly used when carrying out literature reviews.

As a consequence of the covid-19 pandemic, the Swedish public health authority (Folkhälsomyndigheten) published recommendations on March 15, 2020, which called on all educational institutions in Sweden to switch to distance education in order to prevent the spread of the virus. Since education is one of several basic conditions of healthy societal development, a sustainable foundation of digital tools in education becomes a decisive factor during a global pandemic. As a result of this, has this essay the aim of reviewing how Karlstad University's students have experienced distance learning during the covid-19 pandemic and the experiences of mandatory distance learning. The survey has a qualitative approach with five qualitative interviews that will set the basis for how Karlstad university students' experienced distance learning during the covid-19 pandemic.

The results of the survey suggest that distance learning during the covid-19 pandemic has been challenging for the psychological well-being of Karlstad university's students, and that there is a need to increase with more efforts to combat social isolation in a digital education. And it is also stated in the survey that distance learning has assisted education with its flexibility. This has resulted in distance learning during the covid-19 pandemic contributing negatively to social factors, but its flexible use in everyday life has made it possible to develop it even more in step with the societal digital development.

Christopher Papakaliatis, a prominent figure in Greek television, propelled Greece into the global streaming arena with his series Maestro in Blue. Supported by the National Centre of Audiovisual Media and Communication (EKOME) and initially aired on MEGA TV, the show made history on 19 December 2022 as the first Greek drama to debut on Netflix. This study explores the significance of such turning points for small television nations, analysing textual choices, production strategies, and broader significance for the visibility of Greek television on the global stage. As such, the study contributes to understanding the evolving landscape of transnational television and its implications for small television cultures and industries.

This book explores fictional representations and narrative functions of animal characters in animated and live-action film and television, examining the ways in which these representations intersect with a variety of social issues. Contributors cover a range of animal characters, from heroes to villains, across a variety of screen genres and formats, including anime, comedy, romance, horror, fantasy, and science fiction. Aesthetic features of these works, along with the increased latitude that fictionalized narratives and alternative worlds provide, allow existing social issues to be brought to the forefront in order to effect change in our societies. By incorporating animal figures into media, these screen narratives have gained the ability to critique actions carried out by human beings and explore dimensions of both the human/animal connection and the intersectionality of race, culture, class, gender, and ability, ultimately teaching viewers how to become more human in our interactions with the world around us. Scholars of film studies, media studies, and animal studies will find this book of particular interest. 

Christopher (Christoforos) Papakaliatis is one of Greece’s most recognizable and successful ‘television authors’ and Maestro in Blue, his latest creation, is the series that managed to turn Greece into a full “Netflix nation” (Lobato, 2019). Supported by the National Centre of Audiovisual Media and Communication (EKOME) and originally broadcast by private television channel MEGA TV, Maestro in Blue became – on 19 December 2022 – the first Greek drama show to launch into global subscription video-on-demand streaming platform Netflix, with the latter having already acquired the rights for the second season. Shot on the Ionian islands of Paxoi and Corfu, using the locations strategically in a way that combines Papakaliatis’ signature glossy aesthetic style, traces of Mediterranean noir and ‘weird’ wave, and established (cinematic) representations of Greek island idyll, Maestro in Blue is addressed in this paper as part of Netflix’s glocalization practices (Sigismondi & Ciofalo, 2022) and as an example of “television that travels” (Waade et al, 2020).

By combining a textual analysis of the first season of the drama series with an overview of its production context and a mapping out of its popular/critical reception, this paper engages with the question around the significance of a small television culture gaining international visibility, focusing on three concrete analytical dimensions: 

(a)   exportability, addressed through a close examination of the visual and storytelling strategies potentially contributing to the appeal of the series to international audiences, including the importance of locations to narrative, iconography and cultural specificity

(b)  extroversion, addressed through an analysis of the creative synergies and production strategies orchestrated in order to resonate with a global commercial logic and (international) distribution

(c)   visibility, addressed through a discourse analysis of the series’ reception in both Greek and international popular/cultural criticism, and expressed primarily through the notions of quality and (national) pride.

Drawing from cultural theory, geomedia studies, and media industry studies, and informed by previous research on streaming platforms, international TV flows and content diversity (e.g. Lobato, 2018; Lotz et al, 2022), the present paper aspires to provide an empirically grounded analysis of small television industries’ engagement with developments in international media production and transnational television theory. What is more, it aims to discuss the drama series in question as a potential game changer for Greek television (studies), thus contributing to a broader discussion about the pleasures and gains of international appeal.

Book chapter in Greek.

Book title in English: The Box: Images of modern Greece in private television

Christopher (Christoforos) Papakaliatis is one of Greece’s most recognizable and successful “television authors” and Maestro in Blue, his latest creation, is the series that managed to turn Greece into a “Netflix nation”, both in the sense of a country being included in the global streaming service’s catalogue and in terms of a national television market being potentially “transformed by a foreign entrant affecting on many levels” (Lobato 2019: xi). On 19 December 2022, Maestro in Blue became the first Greek fiction show to launch on Netflix and the present review provides a critical reading of the series, based on an overview of its major strengths and weaknesses, as well as some additional reflections departing from the critical reception of the series, together with some concluding thoughts about the significance of small television nations being represented in the larger streaming universe.

Lekplatser är inte framträdande i kulturgeografisk forskning om rum, platser, tillgänglighet, inkludering/exkludering, med mera. Lekplatser är ”bortglömda”. Lekplatser utgör en viktig del i barns utveckling, även för barn med funktionsnedsättningar. Syftet med arbetet är att visa hur viktigt tillgänglighet på lekplatser är för barn, samt observera över hur lekplatsers tillgänglighet ser ut idag och hur det kan förbättras med anpassningar för att skapa tillgängliga lekplatser för funktionshindrade barn. För att besvara studiens syfte  har en intervju med Karlstads kommun och åta observationer genomförts.

För att skapa ett hållbart arbete, som även är socialt hållbart, bör både kommunen och plan- och bygglagen tänka större och strikt. Att skapa en mångfald i samhället som skapar inkludering och inte diskriminering. Lekplatser ska vara för alla, fler lekytor och redskap som är tillgängliga och användbara. Slutsatsen med denna studie visar att Karlstad kommun samt plan- och bygglagen har grunder till ett bättre arbete inom tillgänglighet.

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka och jämföra om segregationen har någon inverkan på ungdomar i kranskommunerna Akalla, Spånga och Tensta. En kvalitativ undersökning utfördes och fem informanter från Akalla, Tensta och Spånga intervjuades. Segregationen finns mer eller mindre i dessa områden och det bekräftades genom intervjuerna, där en närmare bild på verkligheten målades fram. Ungdomarna känner ett utanförskap och som att de ignoreras av staten. Denna studie är baserad på teorierna “Vi och dem” och “Diskriminering” eftersom de var mest lämpliga i denna fallstudie, samt två tidigare forskningar som är skrivna av Jon Loit och Hörnqvist & De los Reyes.

Materialet och resultatet sammanställdes och korrelerades vilket resulterade i en diskussion. I diskussionen diskuterar författarna resultaten av intervjuerna samtidigt som de kopplas till teorierna. Det som vi kan se som påverkar effekten av segregation på ungdomarna är att de inte känner sig inkluderade i samhället samt att de inte blir bemötta på samma sätt som en person från innerstaden blir. Slutsatsen besvarar vår frågeställning förenklad med en sammanfattning om hur samhällsplaneringen kan åstadkomma med.

The purpose of this study is to investigate how reporting of murder cases differs from SVT Nyheter and Aftonbladet's web reporting. To answer our question, we have conducted a qualitative text analysis with elements of critical discourse analysis and framing theory, on two articles from each news service. The texts of the articles have been examined with focus on word choice and linguistic actions. We have analyzed the underlying meanings of the text, how emotive words are used and how victims, perpetrators and potential secondary actors have been framed in the reporting.

We have chosen the Kim Wall case as our empirical material. It contains several spectacular details, and both the perpetrator and the victim are known in the past. This helps the reporting to be formed in a variety of ways, making our research particularly interesting.

Previous research shows that journalism tends to become more entertaining and dramatized, because sensationalism has a prominent role in journalism. At the same time, crime and journalism are considered to be an inseparable couple, which together form a separate area of coverage in journalism.

The result of our analysis shows that there are clear differences in the reporting between public service and commercial evening paper. SVT Nyheter is more factual in their reporting, and relates only to facts, while Aftonbladet builds their articles more like a story with connections to popular culture. The analysis also suggests that both news services assign a significantly greater focus to the perpetrator than the victim.

Regional bioeconomies promote sustainable, regional economies under the auspices of EU green growth policies. Combining prospects of rural rejuvenation, sustainability and innovation, they are employed to address climate change, societal challenges, and often benefit from substantial public funds. Yet, despite public finance's key role for bio-based transitions and (regional) bioeconomies, it has received little academic attention. Framed by conceptualisations on greening finance and (sustainable) policy narratives, this paper evaluates the public finance processes of three spatially variegated regional bioeconomy developments in Europe (Finland, Sweden, Spain). It provides empirical accounts from the case study sites and contrasts their public finance narratives with sustainable bioeconomy policy trajectories employed in EU policy promotion and benchmarking. This critical questioning of the current representations of regional bioeconomies in public finance narratives portrays a problematic mismatch between the dominant selective economic features and wider EU policy aims, particularly in relation to sustainability. Accompanied by the neglect of decisive local features in these benchmarking narratives, they promote a sustainably and spatially unreflective path forward for bioeconomy policy learning and development.

The purpose of this thesis is to compare five interviewees personal and collective experience of representations in media to articles published in the Swedish daily newspaper Dagens Nyheter containing the words related to the Sami population (namely: same, samer, samisk and samiska).

Four research questions and their underlying factors are central to the study. The first two concern the interviews: How do the interviewees perceive representations of the Samis in media and the majority society? Do the interviewees feel personally represented by that?

Answers to those questions are converted into themes that form the basis of a thematic text analysis of the articles which in turn respond to the other two research queries: Are the images painted by the interviewees present in the articles published by DN under 2018? Are there patterns in how DN writes about the Samis?

The interviewees testified to a largely coherent picture of a Sami. Its basis is reindeer herding, traditional clothing (kolt) and an interest in nature. Another picture for which they find news media being responsible for is the ‘discontent Sami’. The imagery is narrow and hard for Samis outside of reindeer husbandry to identify with. The same imagery was present in DN, and were both confirmed and contrasted. To the extent to which generalised patterns could be found, there was a tendency to chooses the side of the Sami community and to justify collective Sami discontent through giving a historic background to conflicts.

Medborgardialogen kan beskrivas som ett verktyg föratt involvera allt fler medborgare i samhällsutveckling och i beslutsprocesser. Varje kommun har ett moraliskt ansvar att öka medborgardeltagandet för att få in fler medborgarein i demokratin och öka demokratiseringen. Medborgardialogen ska även fungerasom ett verktyg för att minska segregation genom att nå ut till utsatta grupper ochfå med deras synpunkter in i dialogen. Detta ska i sin tur bidra till att minska klyftornaöka inflytande och bidra till ett hållbart samhälle. Syftet med denna studie är att undersökahur en medelstor kommun arbetar för att öka medborgardeltagandet i medborgardialogerna i enkommun som har problem med utanförskap. Valet av kommun landade på Botkyrka, anledningen till detta var eftersom att de har tre områden som är placerade högst upp på Polisenslista på särskilt utsatta områden. Utifrån detta har jag konstruerat tre frågeställningadessa är:• På vilket sätt arbetar Botkyrka kommun för att inkluderasina invånare i medborgardialogen?• Påverkar invånarnas socioekonomiska bakgrund någonroll för hur planeringen och dialogen genomförs?• På vilket sätt upplever invånarna att de kan varamed i samhällsutvecklingen?För att besvara frågeställningar har jag valt attgenomföra intervjuer med två tjänstemän i Botkyrka kommun och 9 invånare. Utifrån det empiriskamaterialet och analyseringen så går det att utläsa att Botkyrka kommun arbetar effektivtför att motverka segregation och för att få in deras medborgare in till medborgardialogen.Sättet detta blir tydligt är genom den breda marknadsföring de genomför för att nå ut till allagrupper i samhället. Studien visar på att segregation är ett problem som inte kan byggas bortutan endast kan lösas genom att se och höra medborgarna. Enligt resultatet så är Botkyrkaväldigt bra på att öka intresset hos medborgarna och få dem in i dialogen. Invånarnas socioekonomiskabakgrund spelar inte någon roll för dialogen genomförs utan att det fårkommunen att jobba extra hårdare för att hitta lösningar för att involvera dem.

Miljödiskursen som finns idag har fått en allt större betydelse i samhället. Begrepp som hållbarhet och klimatkompensering har blivit allt mer vitala och har varit verktyg för privatpersoner och företag detta för att visa sig som ansvarsfulla. Trots detta så har miljöproblemet ökat. Enligt Naturvårdsverket (2019) så visar de på att under det senaste årtionde så har halten koldioxid i atmosfären ökat och att jordens medeltemperatur ökat år för år. Klimatförändringarna påverkar alla och har ställt stora krav på länder och företag att de bör ta ansvar för de utsläpp de orsakar, att de genom klimatkompenesring och hållbarthetsmålen kommer på innovativa lösningar för att minska klimatpåverkan. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka om företag inom Karlstad kommun tar ett samhällsansvar för att sedan undersöka på vilket sätt de tar detta ansvar. Studien kommer även att undersöka om de tre hållbarthetsvärden balanseras eller om någon av dessa värden tar större utrymme. Slutligen så kommer studien att sammanfatta vad företagen specifikt gör för att bidra till samhällsutvecklingen av staden. Huvudteori som har valts för denna studie är CSR (Corporate social responsibility). Denna teori beskriver vilket ansvar ett företag har i samhället. Enligt Löhman och Steinholtz (2016) bygger teorin på den generella grundtanken att företag ska vara med och medverka till ett bättre samhälle. Teorin är till grund för de frågeställningar som vi strävar efter att få svar på vilket är: ”På vilket sätt arbetar företagen för vårt samhälle?”, ”På vilket sätt påverkar och bidrar företagen till samhället?” och ”Vilket samhällsansvar har företagen och hur kan de arbeta för en miljö och social förbättring?” Studiens tillvägagångssätt för datainsamling har varit genom kvalitativa intervjuer. Studiens författare valde att göra en intervjuguide som består av tre teman. De tre teman som användes som en vägledning för intervjuaren är personlig bakgrund, hållbarhet och klimatkompensering. Detta underlättade bearbetningen av det insamlade datamaterialet vilket gjorde det lättare i analyseringen. Resultatet av denna studie är att de intervjuade företagen visar på god kunskap gällande ämnet hållbarhet och klimatkompensering. Dessa företag är medvetna om att det måste ske en ändring i sättet de arbetar och konsumerar på. Slutsatsen av denna studie med de intervjuade företagen är att de visar på god kunskap gällande studiens huvudämnen vilket är hållbarhet och klimatkompensering. Tre av fyra företag visar på en vilja att förändra samhället. Trots denna vilja och ambition så finns det inte tillräcklig med information som når ut till konsumenterna gällande företagens klimatkompensering. Marknaden för klimatkompensering är oreglerad och saknar tillsyn från statliga myndigheter vilket gör att konsumenter måste förlita sig på att företagen själva sköter tillsynen för en fungerande klimatkompensering. 

The fact that music evoke emotions inside us is something that probably all of us are willing to agree on. Music can make us laugh, cry, dance - every possible expression of emotions can be created through it. Perhaps may the ultimate song be the one that make us feel all of these emotions at once, and make us want to listen to it, over and over again. Some songs and music videos blow up and create millions or even billions of views. At times, music can be more than just a song, making people want to sit down and discuss its meaning for hours. The song This is America and its music video is a good example of this phenomenon. The purpose of this study is to explore the elements of this particular video, how it alludes with the current political context and the aftermath that have aroused from it.

To explore the reason behind the enormous popularity of this video, we composed a comprehensive research question, that goes “How are we to understand the meaning in This is America?”. From the background of our research summary, we were able to find that the ambiguousness and the potential of a wide interpretation of a popular cultural phenomenon, is what lays the ground for its popularity. Through history, it can be said that music, that have been made from alienation, have a possibility of becoming even more popular. With our research summary in hand, we broke down the music video This is America into sections, in order to learn its meaning and signification, and to understand its popularity. The video and its lyrics, brings up subjects such as gun politics in the United States, the remaining traces of slavery, and how people of colour still suffer from oppression. The enormous popularity of the video probably comes from the wide range of subjects and signs that it addresses. Basically anyone who watches it will see something they recognize, regardless of if the person is five or 105 years old. Children recognize the dances from the video game Fortnite, while the elder recognize the character Jim Crow, who they associate with the segregation in the United States in the beginning of the 20th century.

A music video can tell us more than we originally think, which is also what this essay points to. If given an additional look, a music video might be able to give an insight to a world that is unknown to us. It may even open the door to provide a portrayal of society that regular media rarely presents.

As a consequence of the exposure of scandals involving targeted advertising and data collection, privacy concerns have arisen among users of social media, in particular Facebook. Previous research studies demonstrate that consumers have little knowledge about online behavioural advertising and hold misconceptions about it. According to a recent study by Internetstiftelsen (2021), 85% of Swedish internet users are concerned about big companies collecting data about them, and most people are unaware of the extent to which their online behaviour and activities are monitored. This study aims to examine how Swedish users on Facebook experience the platform's advertisements that are tailored to them. Moreover, this study also explores users’ privacy concerns in relation to advertising on the platform. To implement this study, qualitative interviews have been carried out with eight respondents in the age group 30-50 years of age. The interviews were transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis to answer the study’s research questions. The theoretical frameworks that have been implemented in this study are the “Big brother effect”, the panopticon effect and the digital panopticon. These concepts about surveillance have been complemented by previous research on algorithmic decision-making technologies, privacy concerns, perceptions about targeted advertising and personalisation. Based on the conducted interviews in this study, the results show that Swedish people between the ages of 30-50 years feel that they are being monitored on the platform and this, in turn, raised concerns about a violation of privacy among some of the users, in particular when they feel that Facebook monitors private conversations or intercept them. Participants in this study are more concerned about how much and what data Facebook collects rather than data being utilised for commercial purposes. The result further showed that most of the respondents do not read Facebook's terms and policies even though they claim that they do not trust Facebook with their personal information. Users in this study experience that there is too much advertising on Facebook, while also finding it more pleasant and preferable to get ads that are based on their interests and behaviour rather than receiving randomised ads. 

Sammanfattning

Förutsättning

I examensarbetet har det ingått ett verkligt ärende som handläggs av mig som MBK-ingenjör inom Lantmäteriet. Det är ett naturvårdsuppdrag från Länsstyrelsen och innefattar bl a inmätning och utstakning av gräns på ett blivande naturreservat.

Naturvårdsuppdraget Huskeberget ligger ca 5 km norr om Södra Finnskoga och sydväst om Höljes i norra Värmland. Omkrets 2,38 km. Områdets höjd är ca 550 m över havet och ligger på sydöstra sluttningen av Huskeberget.

Fix

Lantmäteriet använder idag Leica Viva CS15/GS15 mätutrustning vid inmätning av brytpunkter och gränser. I detta fall det blivande naturreservatet. Under vissa omständigheter kan det ta tid att få fix-lösning eller helt utebli. Dessa omständigheter kan bero på ett flertal faktorer bl a kraftiga jonosfärsstörningar och/eller GPRS-nätets täckningsområde för mottagning av SWEPOS nätverks-RTK tjänst.

Inriktning

Fokus har lagts på att utvärdera ett alternativ till nätverks-RTK, en sk enkelstations-RTK med uppkoppling till en tillfällig referensstation.

Närmare undersökning har gjorts på tiden för initialisering vid varje enskild inmätning som sedan jämförts i de två mätmetoderna. Tiden för själva arbetet sätts sedan i relation till resultatet från undersökningen för att ge en helhetsbild av tidsåtgång i arbetet med vardera mätmetoden.

Resultat

Efter alla brytpunkter mätts in visade det sig att i just det här området inte fanns några anmärkningsvärda problem att få fix-lösning med någon av de valda mätmetoderna. Resultatet visar därmed små skillnader i tidsjämförelser.

En oplanerad testmätning med nätverks-RTK gjordes i tät skog alldeles intill en inmätt brytpunkt utan framgång att få fix-lösning. Detta för att belysa problematiken med att få fix-lösning vid mätning i tät skog.

Rapporten innehåller en kortfattad beskrivning av delar av arbetet i Lantmäteriets handläggning av naturvårdsuppdrag.

Denna studie har som avsikt att undersöka hur Filipstads kommun arbetar med nyanländas bostadssituation och om det påverkar bostadssegregationen, samt hur kommunen arbetar för att gynna integrationen i Filipstad. Vi valde att fokusera på Filipstad eftersom det har varit en kommun som under 2000-talet haft en tydlig befolkningsminskning. Samtidigt var Filipstad en av de kommuner i Sverige som tog emot flest flyktingar procentuellt till sin befolkningsmängd under den stora flyktingströmmen mellan 2015 och 2016. Metoden som legat till grund för denna undersökning är kvalitativ då vi på ett djupgående sätt ville studera hur Filipstads kommun arbetar med dessa frågor. Vår inriktning och vårt sätt att arbeta med denna uppsats rör sig mot forskningsstrategin som heter “grundad teori” (grounded theory). Datainsamlingen utgörs av två intervjuer, den ena med Hannes Fellsman, förvaltningschef på arbetsmarknads- och integrationsenheten på Filipstads kommun. Vår andra respondent är Lena Richardson, journalist på Filipstads tidning.

As the industrial based society transitioned into a knowledge based one, so did the process of place branding. Factors like increased globalisation and reduced trade barriers have led to new levels of competition between countries, cities, regions and municipalities. Place branding has become an important tool in local politics to boost economic growth and development in a similar way used in the business world. On the other hand, the transition from government to governance has led to higher levels of cooperation between public and private actors. This means that place branding has started to follow a marketing strategy rather than a democratic one. From a democratic point of view this is problematic as citizens are increasingly losing their voice. 

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate and analyse how place branding in a post political society, the municipality of Karlskoga, is characterized by a marketing logic rather than a democratic one. The study also aims to describe how the municipality ensures citizens´ democratic rights in the place branding process. The method used in this paper is qualitative, since we wanted to thoroughly investigate Karlskoga municipality’s work with place branding. Our empirical material consists of a document analysis and a semi-structured interview.

The results in our study show that Karlskoga municipality extensively uses place branding in a business context, which could have a negative impact on citizens’ democratic rights. While the municipality is aware of this issue and claim that they are trying to prevent it, a concrete plan of action is missing.

Studiens syfte är att undersöka de sociala bakomliggande orsakerna till bostadssegregationen i Vivalla och dess betydelse för upplevelsen av trygghet. För att kunna koppla undersökningen till samhällsplaneringen har vi valt två skilda målgrupper. Den ena målgruppen är personer som är bosatta inom Vivalla och den andra målgruppen är samhällsplanerare över samma område. På så sätt kommer vi ha möjligheten att koppla och jämföra vad invånarna i Vivalla har för tankar och kunskaper av bostadssegregationen jämfört med samhällsplanerare. De frågor som vi strävar efter att svara på i denna studie är: ”Vilka orsaker ligger bakom den etniska bostadssegregationen i Vivalla?” och ”Hur kan Vivallas invånare påverkas av bostadssegregationen ur en trygghetssynpunkt?” Med hjälp av Randall Collins och Lena Magnussons teorier om etniska sammanslutningar och brottslighet har vi analyserat våra data.

I denna studie valdes den kvalitativa metoden. Genom att använda kvalitativa intervjuer med sammanlagt fem intervjupersoner varv tre av dem är folkbokförda i Vivalla och två av dem är samhällsplanerare i Örebro län för stadsdelen Vivalla, betonar vi deras egna uppfattningar och erfarenheter beträffande segregationen i Vivalla. Resultatet var uppdelat i tre teman. Teman behandlade respondenternas personliga bakgrund, sociala gemenskap samt trygghetsuppfattningar. Med hjälp av dessa teman var det möjligt att genomföra en semistrukturerad och välplanerad intervjuguide som gjorde det enkelt för oss att analysera och dra slutsatser.

De fem respondenterna hade olika kunskaper och tankar om segregationen i Vivalla. Dock fann vi många likheter och skillnader mellan de skilda målgrupperna inom denna forskning. Samhällsplanerarna och boendena i Vivalla hade olika uppfattningar beträffande varför stadsdelen är segregerad. Samhällsplanerarna hävdade att människor blir tvingade till att bo i en stadsdel av socioekonomiska skäl medan boendena hävdade att dem finner en typ av inre social trygghet med omgivningen i stadsdelen.

Denna uppsats har skrivits som en del av Samhällsplanerarutbildningen på Karlstads universitet.Under de senaste decennierna har det skett en del förändringar i samhället dels gällande ekonomiska, rumsliga men även politiska förutsättningar. Detta har skett i konsekvens av att den nyliberala praktiken tillämpats i offentliga verksamheter. En sådan förändring bearbetas inom kommunens planeringsprocesser. Målet med denna uppsats är att skaffa upplysning kring hur  Karlstads kommun verkar mot segregation samt i vilken grad NPM har genomslag på hanteringen av segregation.

Arbetets resultat redovisar hur kommunens planeringsprocess påverkas av nyliberalismen och NPM. I dokument som granskas tillämpas begrepp som attraktivitet, konkurrens samt tillväxt, dessutom besvarar  samtliga respondenter tydligt att organisations utseendet styr kommunens arbete. Stadsplanerarna präglas av förändrat arbetssätt med ett stort fokus på effektivisering samt tillväxt.

Trots medvetenhet om att segregation framkommer i Karlstads stadsdelar, upplevs problemet inte prioriterat. Kommunen har haft ett försök att genomföra en demokratisk process i form av att skapa en god medborgardialog som genomförts i form av ett mångfaldsforum. Det forumet skapades en gång och saknar utvärdering. Inget av detta har prioriterat att förminska segregationen, utan fokus handlar fortfarande om att Karlstad ska växa.