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  • 1.
    Andersson, Dennis
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Social and Psychological Studies.
    Göra kön på bloggen: En studie om framställningar och skapandet av ”kvinnan” på mode- och livsstilsbloggar2014Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this study was to investigate how the “woman” is depicted and created on fashion and lifestyle blogs. I have done this from a “doing gender” perspective. I have also used Goffman’s theories of identity values and stigma.    

    I been working with an eclectic approach to the choice of method and I have therefore been using different methods in which content coding on text and symbolic interpretation of images has been the most prominent. These codes were created based on my theoretical framework.    

    The result of my analysis is that gender is done on fashion and lifestyle blogs relative to the two categories, sex categorization as well as gender. This doing appears in different forms in which the body´s appearance, its decoration and individuals´ behavior and opinions are of central importance. Identity values and stigma are two phenomena that are manifest on this kind of blogs. These two phenomena occur in relation to both sex categorization and gender.   

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    Kandidatuppsats Dennis Andersson
  • 2.
    Andersson, Jan
    et al.
    The Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, VTI, Sweden.
    Bjorklund, Gunilla
    The Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, VTI, Sweden.
    Warner, Henriette Wallen
    The Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, VTI, Sweden.
    Lättman, Katrin
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Communication and IT (discontinued), The Service and Market Oriented Transport Research Group. Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Service Research Center (from 2013). University of Gävle, Sweden.
    Adell, Emeli
    Trivector, Sweden..
    The complexity of changes in modal choice: A quasi-experimental study2023In: Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, ISSN 1369-8478, E-ISSN 1873-5517, Vol. 96, p. 36-47Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Changes in modal choice is argued to be one way to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases. Increasing modal choices in favour of more environmentally friendly travel modes requires a better understanding of how these choices are actually made. The first aim of this study is therefore to examine how modal choice is related to subjective experiences as perceived accessibility, perceived satisfaction , habit, both before , after an intervention promoting public transport. The second aim is to examine how modal choice is affected by the intervention. Finally, the third aim is to examine how subjective experiences as perceived accessibility, perceived satisfaction, and habit are affected by the intervention.Method: The design used is a before-and after-study with free public travel passes as the intervention (30-or 14-days free travel pass). Altogether, 52 travelers - distributed on two intervention groups and one control group - participated in the study. The 30-days free travel pass group constitutes 18 participants, the 14-days free travel pass group constitutes 19 participants while the control group constitutes 15 participants. During the before -period the participants were asked to register their modal choice using a digitalized application downloaded on their smart phones (the TravelVu app), to complete a short app-based questionnaire, and a web-based questionnaire. During the after-period, they were once again asked to register their modal choice and to complete a web-based questionnaire. All data collected were analyzed by variance or correlation analyses using the change between before-and after period as the dependent variable.Results: The results show that walking was more common than the use of public transport and car, which in turn were more common than the use of bicycle. Perceived accessibility, perceived satisfaction, general health, life quality as well as habit were all rated fairly high. Over time, the use of public transport increased while the use of car decreased overall. With increased use of public transport, the perceived accessibility decreased, but on the other hand, the life quality increased. There was no difference in perceived accessibility, perceived satisfaction, or habit between the three groups, but the participants became overall more satisfied with the standard of their experiences of their everyday travel (cognitive evaluation). At the same time, they became less reflective of their choice of travel mode and less interested in trying out new alternative travel modes during the after-compared to the before period.Conclusion: The intervention did not affect the modal choice or the subjective experiences. Over time, the participants did however increase their use of public transport and their cognitive evaluation of their everyday travel overall, while they decreased their use of car and became less reflective and less interested in trying out new alternative travel modes. These changes might be attributed to their participation in the present study.

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  • 3. Andersson, Linda
    Konsten att gömma ilska med ett leende.: En kvalitativstudie om det emotionella arbetet hos kassaanställda.2014Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Syftet med denna undersökning är att undersöka hur ett begränsat antal kassaanställda påverkas av och hantera det emotionella arbete som de ställs inför. Jag ville se vad informanterna kunde berätta om kollegor hjälper varandra eller om emotionell hantering är något som den anställde ställs inför ensam. Genom en kvalitativ intervjustudie har jag med fem halvstrukturerade intervjuer utfört insamlingen av min empiri. Uppsatsens centrala begrepp grundas på Hochschilds begrepp emotionellt arbete, Collins begrepp interaktionsritualer och Goffmans dramaturgiska perspektiv med fokus på aktörs skap och regioner. Utöver dessa begrepp har jag även grundat min undersökning på forskning som mer specifikt behandlar emotionellt arbete bland serviceanställda. 

    Min studie visar att de emotionella kraven på kassaanställd servicepersonal är höga, arbetsgivaren kontrollerar i hög grad de anställdas känslouppvisning. Det emotionella arbetet de anställda utför genomfördes och hanterades med hjälp av olika strategier bland annat yt- och djupagerande, investment- och detachementstrategier och genom användandet av micromakt. Informanternas kollegor spelade en viktig roll i de anställdas välmående då dessa med varandra kunde skapa effektivare emotionshantering. Min undersökning visar även att möjligheten kring att göra regionsbyten var av stor vikt för de anställda i deras emotionella hantering. Det emotionella arbetets ledde till både positiva och negativa konsekvenser för de anställda. Informanterna kände stor glädje i arbetet då kundmöten kunde resultera i mycket energi. De negativa konsekvenserna bland informanterna var dock desto större och allvarligare. Mitt resultat visar att de negativa konsekvenserna främst uppstod pågrund av en rutinmässig känslouppvisning i arbetet.   

    Nyckelord: emotionellt arbete, emotionshantering, hälsningsceremonier, servicepersonal, interaktionsritualer, regioner.

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    Konsten att gömma ilska med ett leende
  • 4.
    Arvidson, Markus
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Social and Psychological Studies (from 2013).
    Starrin, Bengt
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Social and Psychological Studies (from 2013).
    Socialpsykologiska experiment: och andra minnesvärda studier2019Book (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Det finns många tankeväckande studier om människors handlingar och beteenden som är värda att uppmärksamma även om de gjordes för 50, 60 eller 70 år sedan. Studierna om vårt sociala liv väcker olika sorters känslor - ibland skratt, ibland nyfikenhet och ibland förfäran - men de ger alltid nya insikter om människan och mänskligt samspel.

    I boken presenteras ett urval av de mest kända klassiska socialpsykologiska studierna. Utifrån teman som auktoritet, lydnad, prestationer, strävan efter normalitet och människor i utsatta situationer visar författarna att de klassiska studierna är aktuella även idag. Det finns också tips på filmklipp som läsaren kan titta på genom att rikta sin mobiltelefon mot QR-koderna i boken.

    SOCIALPSYKOLOGISKA EXPERIMENT OCH ANDRA MINNESVÄRDA STUDIER vänder sig främst till högskolestudenter inom samhälls- och beteendevetenskapliga utbildningsprogram och ämnen, men är även intressant för alla som vill veta mer om hur människor fungerar tillsammans.

  • 5.
    Aziz, Sonja
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Social and Psychological Studies (from 2013).
    Berglund, Douglas
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Social and Psychological Studies (from 2013).
    Dagens extroverta ideal: En kvalitativ intervjustudie om diskursen kring introversion och extroversion2020Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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    Dagens extroverta ideal
  • 6.
    Björfeldt, Martina
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Social and Psychological Studies (from 2013).
    Tynander, Agneta
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Social and Psychological Studies (from 2013).
    Jourkvinnor - gemenskap och social kompetens: En kvalitativ studie om jourkvinnans arbetsroll, gemenskap och kompetens ur ett socialpsykologiskt perspektiv2020Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Syftet med studien är att undersöka vad arbetsrollen som jourkvinna innebär samt vilka strategier och kompetenser som är användbara i arbetet på kvinnojouren. Detta är av intresse för att få en djupare inblick i jourkvinnornas arbetsroll samt bidra till ökad förståelse för deras betydelsefulla arbete. Studien baseras på en kvalitativ undersökning med sju jourkvinnor från två olika kvinnojourer i Mellansverige. Empirin till studien insamlades med hjälp av asynkrona intervjuer där studiens frågeformulär uppdelades i fem olika teman; arbetsrollen som jourkvinna, kompetenser, strategier, gemenskap samt kvinnojouren som organisation. Studiens teoretiska referensram omfattar teorier och perspektiv kring kompetens och interaktionsritualer. Syftet med teorierna är dels att undersöka vilka kompetenser som är användbara och av betydelse i arbetsrollen på kvinnojouren, dels att synliggöra och förklara betydelsen av interaktionsritualer i jourkvinnornas arbete. Resultatet visar att arbetsrollen omfattar både praktiskt arbete och ett starkt engagemang. Rollen som jourkvinna har stor betydelse för de stödsökande kvinnorna och barnen samt för samhället i stort. Kvinnojouren är en unik instans där de arbetande och ideella jourkvinnorna gör ett livsviktigt arbete när övriga samhället brister. Det framkommer att jourkvinnorna inte fungerat utan varandra och gemenskapen som finns inom kvinnojouren. Resultatet visar att det inte är de organiserade strategierna som är mest betydelsefulla utan strategier som uppstår i gemenskapen och samverkan med andra jourkvinnor samt egna personliga strategier. De kompetenser som studien identifierat som användbara är i huvudsak kopplade till social kompetens och personliga egenskaper.

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  • 7.
    Brandheim, Susanne
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Social Studies.
    Glada tjockisar - nej tack2012In: Dagens ETC, ISSN 1652-8980, Vol. 30, no 12Article in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
    Abstract [sv]

    Är det de överviktigas hälsa som eftersträvas i hotet om en epidemi eller är det något annat? undrar Susanne Brandheim, doktorand i sociala studier vid Karlstad universitet.

  • 8.
    Camén, Linnéa
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Social and Psychological Studies (from 2013).
    Näslund, Lena
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Social and Psychological Studies (from 2013).
    Får jag lov?: En kvalitativ studie om införandet av en dansaktivitet på en arbetsplats.2017Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Syftet med denna uppsats har varit att fördjupa oss i respondenternas individuella upplevelse av dans, genom att införa dans som en morgonrutin på deras arbetsplats. Skulle individerna uppleva en personlig skillnad och skulle de kunna ta med sig denna upplevelse in i  arbetsdagen? Den vetenskapliga forskningsmetod som använts i denna uppsats har varit den kvalitativa metoden och som urvalsmetod har vi använt ett bekvämlighetsurval. Som insamlingsmetod har vi använt oss utav kvalitativa intervjuer utifrån en tematiserad intervjuguide. De genomförda intervjuerna har spelats in och transkriberats i sin helhet. Vid analysen av empirin har vi kunnat dra paralleller till den symboliska interaktionismen och interaktionsritualer.

        Resultatet som vi kom fram till var att dansen har en positiv inverkan på de sociala relationerna, den fysiska energin och deltagarnas humör. Det har även en inverkan på deras arbetsdag på så sätt att deltagarna kände sig inneha mer energi till att ta tag i arbetsdagen.

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    fulltext
  • 9.
    Collyer, Fran M.
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Social and Psychological Studies (from 2013).
    Dufoix, Stéphane
    Université Paris-Nanterre, France.
    Rethinking the Epistemic Compass: [Repenser la boussole épistémique]2022In: Revue d’Histoire des Sciences Humaines, ISSN 1622-468X, no 41Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 10. De Poli, Silvia
    et al.
    Jakobsson, Niklas
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Communication and IT, Department of Economics and Statistics. Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Karlstad Business School (from 2013).
    Schueller, Simone
    The drowning-refugee effect: media salience and xenophobic attitudes2017In: Applied Economics Letters, ISSN 1350-4851, E-ISSN 1466-4291, Vol. 24, no 16, p. 1167-1172Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We study whether salient media coverage of refugees drowning in the Mediterranean affects individual xenophobic attitudes. We combine a randomized survey experiment - a variant of the classic trolley dilemma' - that implicitly elicits individual attitudes towards foreigners, with variation in interview timing, and find that such issue salience significantly decreases xenophobic attitudes by 2.2 percentage points. Our results thus support the idea that exposure to news describing immigrants as victims (instead of a threat) can significantly affect public opinion and mitigate bias against immigrants.

  • 11.
    Falk, Ann-Sofie
    et al.
    Karlstad University.
    Skantz, Jennie
    Karlstad University.
    Kuratorers professionaliseringsprocess inom hälso- och sjukvård: En studie om kuratorers erfarenheter av psykosocialt arbete inom det medicinska fältet2013Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 12. Gidlund, Joakim
    Anonyma internetkulturer: En studie av ”lurkers” upplevelser2012Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: Internet today consists of several forums, each of which can be characterized as

    an Internet culture. These forums focus to either anonymize its users to take advantage of the

    maximum potential of free speech, or non-anonymity, where users can be linked to personal

    information available to those who dwell on the forum. More and more Swedes are choosing

    anonymization because of the digital surveillance laws in force in the 2000s. The purpose: the

    purpose of this study is exploratory, that is, to find out how so-called lurkers, spectators,

    perceived anonymity on the Internet. Method: to collect empirical data qualitative interviews

    with six so-called lurkers was conducted. The empirical data were analyzed using qualitative

    content analysis. Result: the analyzed interviews show that the Internet culture embrace the

    concept of anonymity. Anonymity is composed of two categories (i.) behavior and (ii.)

    interaction. The results show that Internet culture is made up of different barriers that

    determine what is permitted by rules and standards. Anonymous behavior describes how an

    individual treats or presents himself to others, and anonymous interaction describes the

    interaction that is created between two or more users. By connecting to an anonymous

    Internet culture gives the individual the option to express their true opinions without

    consequence. Analysis: the results were analyzed generally by using developed dramaturgical

    concepts.

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    fulltext
  • 13.
    Gustafsson, Anders
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Communication and IT, Service Research Center. Karlstad University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Communication and IT, Department of Business Administration.
    Fombelle, Paul
    NorthEastern University.
    Witell, Lars
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Communication and IT, Service Research Center. Karlstad University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Communication and IT, Department of Business Administration.
    Kristensson, Per
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Communication and IT, Department of Psychology. Karlstad University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Communication and IT, Service Research Center.
    Unlearning Innovation and Learning Service Innovation!2012Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 14.
    Gärling, Tommy
    et al.
    Psychology, UNIVERSITY OF GOTHENBURG.
    Friman, Margareta
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Communication and IT.
    Unsustainable Travel Becoming (More) Sustainable2014Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Few dispute that current private automobile use is unsustainable although motorized freight transportation, long-distance vacation and business travel by air also importantly contribute to the unsustainability of transportation. In this presentation we review research assessing the effectiveness, public attitudes towards, and political feasibility of measures that limit local and global damages to the environment caused by automobile use. These measures include clean automobile technology, rebuilding the environment to increase accessibility by walking and bicycling, improving public transport, and reducing automobile use by implementing prohibition, pricing and information measures. Our conclusion is that no measure is sufficient alone but that several need to be combined. In particular, it is not even in the longer term likely that clean automobile technology, increasing accessibility by rebuilding the environment or improving alternative travel modes suffice unless governments do not also implement measures that reduce automobile use. Since scientific evidence indicates that voluntary information and pricing measures may achieve 5-30% reductions in urban areas, the often heard counter-argument from interest groups that the automobile use cannot be reduced cannot be taken seriously.

  • 15. Gärling, Tommy
    et al.
    Olsson, Lars E
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Social and Psychological Studies (from 2013). Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Service Research Center (from 2013). Karlstad University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Communication and IT, The Service and Market Oriented Transport Research Group.
    Ettema, Dick
    Friman, Margareta
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Social and Psychological Studies (from 2013). Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Service Research Center (from 2013). Karlstad University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Communication and IT, The Service and Market Oriented Transport Research Group.
    Influences on Current Mood of Experienced Sequences of Events2013Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 16.
    Hardestam, Hjalmar
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Social and Psychological Studies (from 2013).
    Den kompetenta och medvetna vardagsimprovisaktören: En kvalitativ undersökning om hur erfarenheter av improvisationsteater påverkar individers sociala kompetens samt uppfattning av vardagslivet2019Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Improvisationsteater är teater utan manuskript. Scenerna skapas i samma ögonblick som de återges. Uppsatsens syfte var att få en djupare förståelse för hur och på vilket sätt deltagare i en tioveckors kurs i improvisationsteater upplever att deras sociala kompetens och syn på vardagslivet har påverkats. Undersökningens syfte besvarades med hjälp av två frågeställningar: ”På vilka sätt upplever individer att deras sociala kompetens har påverkats efter en tioveckorskurs i improvisationsteater?” samt ”Hur påverkas individers förståelse och uppfattning av vardagslivet efter erfarenheter, upplevelser och kunskaper av en tioveckors improvisationsteaterkurs?”. Empirin och resultatet analyseras utifrån positiv socialpsykologi med sociologen Björn Erikssons syn på social interaktion som teoretisk verktygslåda. Analysen kompletteras med några få begrepp från kunskapssociologin. 

    Syftet möttes med hjälp av kvalitativa intervjuer och en explorativ ansats. Urvalsgruppen bestod av sex informanter som under det senaste året gått en tioveckorskurs i improvisationsteater. Som svar på hur individens sociala kompetens förändras framkom temat “Ett medvetet, spontant och ömsesidigt samspel”. Som svar på hur individens förståelse och uppfattning av vardagslivet förändrades framkom två teman: “En lättsammare vardag” och “Vi är samma”. 

    Resultatet tyder på att erfarenheter och upplevelser av improvisationsteater påverkar samtliga informanters sociala kompetens samt förståelse och uppfattning av vardagslivet. Alla informanter utvecklar olika typer av samspelsfärdigheter vilket leder till att de enklare kan förstå och hantera det sociala flödet. De vidgar sin syn på vardagslivet och uppfattar det som ett område där det finns stora möjligheter för samhandlande och meningsskapande. Vardagslivet uppfattas som ett område där ”Den sociala vardagsimprovisationen” ständigt pågår. 

    De flesta av informanterna föredrar att samhandla med sina medmänniskor utifrån en subjektsposition snarare än den objektposition som oftast gäller i vardagslivet. Detta resulterar i insikten att de är med och skapar, påverkar och återskapar vardagslivet. De blir på så vis aktiva, kompetenta och medvetna ”vardagsimprovisaktörer” vilka kan ses som en positiv motståndskraft gentemot vardagslivet verklighet. 

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    Den kompetenta och medvetna vardagsimprovisaktören
  • 17.
    Hardestam, Hjalmar
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Social and Psychological Studies (from 2013).
    Människans intresse och förmåga att skapa världar: En kvalitativ undersökning om den improviserade scenens uppbyggnad och dragningskraft2019Student paper second term, 5 credits / 7,5 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Improvisationsteater är en teaterform där scenerna byggs upp gemensamt och skapas i samma ögonblick som den återges. Uppsatsens syfte har varit att undersöka varför människor vill improvisera samt vilka faktorer som utgör ett lyckat samspel och därmed kan skapa en scen. Samspelet i improvisationsteater ställs även i kontrast mot människans samspel i vardagen. Syftet besvaras med hjälp av två olika frågeställningar: dels varför informanterna vill hålla på med improvisationsteater och dels hur de gör för att tillsammans skapa, samspela och förstå varandra i ett sammanhang som hittas på och återges i stunden. Resultaten analyseras och diskuteras utifrån teorier om symboliskt universum och frame vilka är sprungna ur kunskapssociologin och den symboliska interaktionismen.

    För att möta syftet valde jag att göra en kvalitativ undersökning med explorativ ansats. Jag intervjuade fyra informanter som alla har en gedigen erfarenhet av att improvisera. På grund av det begränsade urvalet valdes dessa informanter med hjälp ett bekvämlighetsurval, något som var möjligt tack vare två nyckelinformanter. Utifrån de kvalitativa intervjuerna framkom temat ’Friheten att tillsammans skapa en ny värld’ som källa för intresset av improvisationsteater. Som svar på ett lyckat samspel i scenen genererades två teman; ’Den teoretiska verktygslådan’ och ’Improvisatörens nödvändiga förmågor’.

    Uppsatsens huvudsakliga slutsats är att improvisationsteater utgör en unik ’parantes’ kring verkligheten. Det är ett sammanhang där människor medvetet kan bete sig på sätt som inte hade varit möjligt i vardagen. På så sätt får de tillgång till unika upplevelser och erfarenheter. Dessa begränsas dock till förmån av inramningen och samspelet. Samspelet möjliggörs genom två ’grundpelare’. Den ena utgörs av improvisationsteaterns struktur som är utformad för att snabbt inrama situationen. Den andra utgörs av några centrala förmågor vars syfte är att möjliggöra en ömsesidig intrycksstyrning och teammaskopi. Genom improvisationsteater ges individen således möjlighet att fritt och ohämmat undersöka och öva på det sociala samspelet.

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    Människans intresse och förmåga att skapa världar: En kvalitativ undersökning om den improviserade scenens uppbyggnad och dragningskraft
  • 18.
    Herrlin, Sofia
    Karlstad University.
    "What does not destroy me, makes me stronger": En kvalitativ studie av hur en enstastående mamma beskriver sin kamp för sin dotter2013Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 19.
    Hultman, Helena
    Institutionen för sociala och psykologiska studier.
    "Jag gjorde det dom betala för": En narrativ berättelse om en kvinnas liv och vägen ut ur prostitution och missbruk2013Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    This study aims to find out what happens with the roles that are seemingly left behind. Are there roles that are harder or easier to exercise? Available roles with us through life and affect our future decisions or we switched completely away from them and create new roles based on the situations we find ourselves in at the moment? The aim is also to see how the relationship looks like between closed roles and new roles in life. To try to find this out, I have used the narrative method. The study is based largely on Goffman's theories of roles, behind and above the front- and back stage. It seems to change roles and adapt to the new situations is relatively simple for this particular respondent, despite the severity of roles. However, when it relates to roles that have the responsibility makes adapting more difficult.

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    " jag gjorde det dom betalade mig för
  • 20.
    Ingvarsdotter, K
    et al.
    Malmö University.
    Persson, K.
    Malmö University.
    Hjärthag, Fredrik
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Social and Psychological Studies.
    Östman, M.a
    Malmö University.
    How Professionals View Multifamily Psychoeducation: A Qualitative Study2016In: Psychiatric quarterly, ISSN 0033-2720, E-ISSN 1573-6709, Vol. 87, no 2, p. 1-13Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Severe mental illness causes suffering for the patient as well as the patient’s immediate family. The Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare has recommended the implementation of multifamily psychoeducation in order to assist patient and family in the recovery process. The aim of this study was to determine how introducing multifamily psychoeducation in Sweden has been viewed by professionals. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 service providers, who were involved in evaluating multifamily psychoeducation. Our main findings fell under the headings of defensive culture and unsuitable model. Resistance to introducing the new intervention was found on multiple levels. The model proposed was considered too rigid for both the target group and the organizations because it could not be adjusted to the needs of patients, families, or facilitators. Despite good evidence for the effectiveness of the intervention, there were difficulties introducing the multifamily psychoeducation model in clinical practice. The feasibility of an intervention needs to be evaluated before adopting it as a national guideline.

  • 21.
    Janulf, Sophie
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Social and Psychological Studies (from 2013).
    Att bära hijab: En kvalitativ studie om slöjans betydelse för identitet och självpresentation2017Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this study is to investigate how women, having migrated from a Muslim country to Sweden, reason about their veiling – why do they wear the veil and what meaning does the veil have for them? The veiling custom has become the subject of a heated and polarized debate in Sweden. But where are the veiled women given space to speak, and why are they not involved more in a debate that most of all concern them?                                                                                                                                    Four women from Syria, now living in Sweden, participated in this interview study. The purpose is to investigate the aim with basis in three analytic themes: identity, presentation of self and resistance. These themes have been analysed based on relevant theories and previous research within the subject: social and personal identity, impression control, stereotyping, power and resistance. The previous research consists of three different studies performed on countries with a Muslim majority or minority: India, Indonesia, Canada, Denmark, and Great Britain. In this way, this study attempts to understand, as profoundly as possible, the meaning of the veil from the perspective of the veiled woman herself.                                                                 The result shows that the veil has great meaning in terms of identity and presentation of self. The result also shows that the clash with the discursive power regarding veiling can cause resistance, which in turn affects the meaning of the veil both in terms of internal identity creation and the external presentation of self. This is due to the threat against identity from a challenging environment forcing the human being to negotiate and define identity within herself, which also affects presentation of self. The experiences and reasoning of the respondents differ both over time and between them, sometimes in paradoxical ways, although they are similar in some aspects. This indicates that although they experience, are affected by and shaped by the same societal discourses, they react differently and therefore relate differently to their veiling.

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    Att bära hijab
  • 22.
    Jerkeby, Stefan
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Educational Studies (from 2013).
    Hur låter självändamålsligheten?: Introduktion till självändamålsproblematiken2024Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    I 18 kortare essäer synliggörs vad det innebär att kommunicera, undervisa och ta etisk ställning. Detta synliggörande sker med utgångspunkten att kommunicerandet, undervisandet och det etiska ställningstagandet delvis aktualiseras som ett självändamål. Därvid illustreras och problematiseras på vad sätt det vi kallar självändamål samtidigt också är något annat – på gott och på ont.

    I självändamålsliga sammanhang präglade av tvetydighet görs försök att dra gränser mellan goda och onda självändamål.

    Till icke ringa del är essäerna inspirerade av eller direkt baserade på den finlandssvenske sociologen och socialpsykologen Johan Asplunds författarskap och bearbetar såväl människors alldagliga erfarenheter som socialvetenskapliga, vetenskapsteoretiska och filosofiska grundfrågor: Vad styr vårt handlande? På vilka grunder hävdar vi att något är sant? Och vad är möjligt att kommunicera?

    Essäerna introducerar en så kallad självändamålsproblematik, föreslår vissa öppna lösningar på självändamålsproblem och avser uppmuntra till diskussion om hur betydelser tilldelas och mening skapas – och då både i alldagliga och forskningsmässiga situationer.

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  • 23.
    Karlsson, Emmeline
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Social and Psychological Studies.
    I huvudet på en coach: En kvalitativ studie om coachers upplevelser2017Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 24.
    Karlsson, Julia
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Social and Psychological Studies (from 2013).
    Nilsson, Veronica
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Social and Psychological Studies (from 2013).
    Upplevelsen av hur tid disponeras i familjer.: En kvalitativ studie om hur disponeringen av tid fördelas mellan kvinnor och män i Värmland.2022Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this essay is "How is time allocated in a family in between women and men who live in a relationship?" We conducted a qualitative interview study to answer the purpose of the study. The study was conducted based on semi-structured interviews with four couples consisting of a woman and a man living in a relationship. All couples live and work in Värmland and have at least one child living at home under 12 years of age. Three of the couples have children from previous relationships and two of them also have joint children, while the third couple is expecting their first newborn. The last couple has no children since previous relationships and two children in common. The results of our study indicate that even disposition of time in a family constellation requires that both the woman and the man have a consensus on how their joint time should be distributed. Structure, awareness, commitment and presence have been central to the couples in the study who have an even distribution of time and live equally. The couples have their own experiences of living in a relationship where time has not been evenly distributed and today strive together not to fall into stereotypical gender roles that contribute to an uneven distribution. What unites the couples who do not dispose of time evenly is characterized by gender norms and acts to some extent by traditional forms of action. The term third shift largely describes the basic aspects of how couples dispose of their time, the term aims to shed light on the time that is not perceived as measurable like the first and second shifts. One of our conclusions is that when the third shift is largely or completely attributed to one in the couple, the time is not divided evenly, this then only one is responsible for initiative and emotional presence. 

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    Upplevelsen av hur tid disponeras i familjer.
  • 25.
    Kim, Yunhwan
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Centre for Research on Child and Adolescent Mental Health (from 2013).
    Evans, Brittany
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Centre for Research on Child and Adolescent Mental Health (from 2013).
    Hagquist, Curt
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Centre for Research on Child and Adolescent Mental Health (from 2013).
    Mental Health Problems Among Adolescents in Sweden from 1995 to 2011: The Role of Immigrant Status and the Proportions of Immigrant Adolescents in Their Surrounding Community2020In: Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, ISSN 1557-1912, E-ISSN 1557-1920, Vol. 22, no 2, p. 232-239Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We compared the mental health of native and immigrant adolescents in Sweden from 1995 to 2011 and examined whether the municipality-level proportion of immigrant adolescents moderated the association between individual-level immigrant status and mental health. The sample (14,189 adolescents aged 15–16) was obtained from a repeated cross-sectional study conducted from 1995 to 2011. Adolescent self-report data (gender, immigrant status, economic situation, and mental health) and municipality-level data (proportion of immigrant adolescents) were used in multilevel linear regression analyses. Immigrant adolescents reported more mental health problems than their native Swedish peers. The long-term trend in mental health problems did not differ between the two groups. The association between individual immigrant status and mental health did not differ according to the municipality-level rate of immigrant adolescents. These findings highlight the need for public health attention to and efforts to address immigrant adolescents’ mental health problems in Sweden.

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  • 26.
    Kostamovaara, Frida
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Social and Psychological Studies (from 2013).
    Simonsen, Madelene
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Social and Psychological Studies (from 2013).
    Emotioner och konsumtion: En kvalitativ studie om studenters emotioner kring konsumtion2018Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This is a study of emotions during consumption. The purpose of the study is to investigate which emotions students experience during consumption and how they explain these emotions and their consumption habits. We think that this subject is not studied enough and that it should be highlighted and studied more. By understanding how emotions function and why they occur at different occasions, the readers can get an insight into their own consumption habits. It helps us understand how we are influenced to buy certain things both by other people and by society. Emotions and consumption happen daily and are certainly a relevant subject. We are all involved in it, but most of us are probably not aware of why certain acts of consumption create emotions and vice versa. In our result, it became clear that most of the participants expressed some sort of shame over purchases without really knowing why. Therefore, we think that there is a need for a better understanding of how emotions function during consumption. We have interviewed students from schools and universities, and based on their experiences we have analyzed how they reacted during consumption. The study focuses on the students’ habits of consuming clothes, beauty products and electronics, but also the emotions regarding ecological products, things that are to be discarded and their thoughts about how they feel and react. In the first part of the theoretical framework, the general perspective of our theory is presented, as well as symbolic interactionism and the societal impact. The second part presents sociology of emotions, a more thorough explanation of emotions and how they can occur and why. The last part focuses on the emotions shame and pride. The result shows that the interviewees experience several emotions before, during and after consumption. There is joy and happiness as well as anxiety and bad conscience. We learn how one person becomes happy by shopping, but also what a bad conscience the same person experience during the payment. We see that the influence of other people is great, and we see how the interviewees express their individuality regarding consumption. We observe that it is difficult to separate and interpret emotions. This is discussed and described in the analysis chapter. Emotions are individual, and so are the interpretations of them.

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    Emotioner och konsumtion
  • 27.
    Myrén Zreloff, Mia
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Karlstad Business School. Karlstad University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Communication and IT, Department of Information Systems and Project Management.
    Markström, Josefin
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Karlstad Business School. Karlstad University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Communication and IT, Department of Information Systems and Project Management.
    Projektdeltagarnas upplevelser av kulturskillnader i ett multikulturellt projekt: En fallstudie genomförd inom mjukvarubranschen2013Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The labor market has become more globalized, which has resulted in an increase of international projects. This is especially common in the software industry, where companies often hire computer specialists from other countries, to broaden the organizations’ expertise. International projects mean more cultural differences at workplaces. This can both disadvantage and enrich a project, depending on how the project participants perceive and handle the differences. The intention for this study is to explore how the project participants in a multicultural project, in the software industry, experience the cultural differences.

    As the workplaces become more multicultural, there is an increased need for knowledge about different cultures. For this, Hofstede’s cultural dimensions theory is a frequently used reference, which is a broad generalization of different cultures. This leads to the second aim for this study, which is to examine if generalizations of cultures can be used to understand how project participants perceive cultural differences in a multicultural project.

    The study was conducted through a qualitative case study in the software industry, where two Indians and two Swedes in a project were interviewed. The project team and the respondents are placed in Karlstad, Sweden. Empirical data has been related mainly to Hofstede’s cultural dimensions theory. In the analysis it has been studied if Hofstede’s theories are suitable to use for understanding the project participants' perceptions of the cultural differences in a project. The study is focusing on multicultural projects and does not considering projects in general. Only those cultural differences covered by Hofstede’s five cultural dimensions have been taken into account. There is a sixth dimension in Hofstede’s theory, but this one has not been considered in this study.

    Hofstede’s cultural dimension theory is showing obvious contrasts between the studied cultures, but it appears though that the respondents' perceptions of cultural differences are not as clear as in Hofstede’s study. The conclusion is that general descriptions of cultures are not applicable on individuals, but are suitable for studying large groups. During the interviews, it appears that the Indian respondents consider that they are more affected by cultural differences in the project, than the Swedish respondents do.

    The project participants perceive that cultural differences affect the group mostly informal and not concerning the formal work. The respondents do not believe cultural differences affect the group in any significant way, which is probably due to that there is some prior knowledge and experience of each other and other cultures, namely cultural intelligence. Another contributing factor could be the Indian respondents’ ability of adapting to Swedish culture and its way of working.

    For further research it would be interesting to study how cultural differences in a project influence the project participants' cooperation. To study the influence rather than the perceiving, the study would probably have to be more substantial, such as a greater number of respondents for an extended period of time.

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    Projektdeltagarnas upplevelser av kulturskillnader i ett multikulturellt projekt - En fallstudie genomförd inom mjukvarubranschen
  • 28.
    Rahm, GullBritt
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences.
    Rystedt, Ingrid
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Nursing.
    Nordström, Gun
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Nursing.
    Wilde-Larsson, Bodil
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences (from 2013).
    Strandmark K, Margaretha
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences.
    Workplace bullying in the health and social caresystems in Sweden: A descriptive study2012Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Abstract 

    Workplace bullying in the health and social care systems in Sweden. A descriptive study.

    Aims

    This study aims to map and describe the problem of bullying within the health and social care systems as a foundation for an intervention. In this presentation we will present the study and preliminary results concerning negative acts and work-place health in Sweden.   

    Methods

    Baseline data for this quantitative study was collected at nursing wards at five hospitals and five wards for eldercare in municipalities. Questionnaires were sent by post to 2810 employees.  Response-rate was 55% (n=1550).

    Bullying was measured both with an operationalized and a self-labelling method. The instrument used in the former were The Negative Acts Questionnaire, NAQ-R, and bullying was assessed according to the operational criterion suggested  by Leyman (1996) “exposure to at least one negative act/week during six months” and a stricter criterion by Mikkelsen & Einarsen, (2001)  suggesting 2 negative acts/week during six months.  

    As for the self-labelling of bullying a definition of bullying was presented and questions were asked whether the person had been bullied or had witnessed bullying the last 6 months. A further question was asked regarding previous life-time experiences of bullying.

    To assess work-place environment the Nordic Questionnaire for Psychological and Social Factors at work, QPSNordic34+ was utilized. In addition a questionnaire made for this study concerning demographic information and specific workplace related questions were included.

    Primarily descriptive statistics was used.

    Results

    Bullying measured by NAQ-R, using the operational criterion, reported results of bullying at 18,5 % (Leyman) and for the stricter criterion 6.8% (Mikkelsen & Einarsen). Four percent (4 %) reported bullying relating to the self-labelling question. A higher proportion, 22%, had witnessed bullying and an even higher proportion, 38%, reported having experienced bullying earlier in life.

     An association was shown between having been bullied earlier in life and experiencing bullying at the work-place at the present time. Also work-place environment, age, where you were born, living in a relationship, education and length of employment were, respectively, associated to more negative acts in the workplace.

    Conclusion

    The operationalized method yields a higher percent of bullying compared to the self-labelling method. This is also shown in earlier studies and might be due to bullying being stigmatizing and shameful and therefore difficult to express in a straight-forward way.

    A significant relationship was observed between being bullied earlier in life-time and current exposure. As far as we know this represents new knowledge and should be further investigated.

  • 29.
    Rydstedt, Leif W.
    et al.
    ASV Psychology, Lillehammer University College (HiL), Norway.
    Österberg, Johan
    Department of Security, Safety, and Leadership, National Defense College (FHS), Karlstad, Sweden.
    Psychological Characteristics of Swedish Mandatory Enlisted Soldiers Volunteering and Not Volunteering for International Missions: An Exploratory Study2013In: Psychological Reports, ISSN 0033-2941, E-ISSN 1558-691X, Vol. 112, no 2, p. 678-688Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this study was to assess personality traits, psychological fitness, and hardiness among conscript soldiers volunteering for international missions (n = 146), by comparing them with conscripts from the same year class and unit who did not apply for international missions (n = 275). The sample consisted of all mandatory enlisted soldiers assigned to a supply and maintenance regiment. There were no demographic differences between the groups. The volunteers reported greater stress tolerance, concern for others, extraversion, and self-confidence than the non-volunteers. There were no differences between the groups in orderliness, temper instability, or independence. Volunteers repeatedly reported greater psychological fitness for military missions and greater hardiness over the period of military service compared to the non-volunteers.

  • 30.
    Seto, Michael C.
    et al.
    Royal Ottawa Health Care, CAN.
    Hermann, Chantal A.
    Carleton University, CAN.
    Kjellgren, Cecilia
    Linnaeus University.
    Priebe, Gisela
    Linnaeus University ;Lund University .
    Svedin, Carl Goran
    Linköping University.
    Långström, Niklas
    Karolinska Institutet .
    Viewing Child Pornography: Prevalence and Correlates in a Representative Community Sample of Young Swedish Men2015In: Archives of Sexual Behavior, ISSN 0004-0002, E-ISSN 1573-2800, Vol. 44, no 1, p. 67-79Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Most research on child pornography use has been based on selected clinical or criminal justice samples; risk factors for child pornography use in the general population remain largely unexplored. In this study, we examined prevalence, risk factors, and correlates of viewing depictions of adult-child sex in a population-representative sample of 1,978 young Swedish men (17-20 years, Mdn = 18 years, overall response rate, 77 %). In an anonymous, school-based survey, participants self-reported sexual coercion experiences, attitudes and beliefs about sex, perceived peer attitudes, and sexual interests and behaviors; including pornography use, sexual interest in children, and sexually coercive behavior. A total of 84 (4.2 %) young men reported they had ever viewed child pornography. Most theory-based variables were moderately and significantly associated with child pornography viewing and were consistent with models of sexual offending implicating both antisociality and sexual deviance. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, 7 of 15 tested factors independently predicted child pornography viewing and explained 42 % of the variance: ever had sex with a male, likely to have sex with a child aged 12-14, likely to have sex with a child 12 or less, perception of children as seductive, having friends who have watched child pornography, frequent pornography use, and ever viewed violent pornography. From these, a 6-item Child Pornography Correlates Scale was constructed and then cross-validated in a similar but independent Norwegian sample.

  • 31.
    Starrin, Bengt
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Social and Psychological Studies.
    Thomas J Scheff2013In: Relationell socialpsykologi -  Klassiska och samtida teorier. / [ed] Stenberg, H & Isenberg, B, Malmö: Liber, 2013, p. 142-165Chapter in book (Refereed)
  • 32.
    Turunen, Jani
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Centre for Research on Child and Adolescent Mental Health (from 2013).
    Fransson, E
    Karolinska institutet.
    Bergström, M
    Karolinska institutet.
    Self-esteem in children in joint physical custody and other living arrangements.2017In: Public Health, ISSN 0033-3506, E-ISSN 1476-5616, Vol. 149, p. 106-112, article id S0033-3506(17)30146-4Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVES: Parental support has been shown to be important for children's self-esteem, which in turn is related to later important life outcomes. Today, an increasing number of children in the Western world spend time in both the parents' respective households after a separation. Children who live with both parents report more parental support than children who live only with one parent after a divorce. We took the opportunity of the commonness of children sharing their time between their parents' homes in Sweden to investigate children's self-esteem in relation to family type.

    STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: With nationally representative survey data (ULF) collected from both parents and children, we analyze differences in children's self-esteem among 4823 10-18 year olds in nuclear families, joint physical custody and those living mostly or only with one parent after a separation using ordinary least squares regression, adjusting for demographic and socioeconomic characteristics.

    RESULTS: We found no significant difference in self-esteem between children who lived equally much with both parents, mostly with one parent and those in nuclear families, whereas children in single care showed lower self-esteem compared with children in the other living arrangements. The difference was not explained by socioeconomic factors.

    CONCLUSION: The self-esteem of children who share their time between their parent's respective homes after a separation does not deviate from that in their peers in nuclear families. Instead, those in single care reported lower self-esteem than those in the other living arrangements. These differences were not explained by socioeconomic factors. Longitudinal studies are needed to establish pre- and post-separation family characteristics that influence self-esteem and well-being in young people.

  • 33.
    Ögut, Berfin
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Social and Psychological Studies (from 2013).
    Damsaz, Sholeh
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Social and Psychological Studies (from 2013).
    "Riktiga män gråter inte": En kvalitativ studie om hur maskulinitetsnormer påverkar unga manliga studenter2023Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this qualitative study is to investigate how male university students between the ages 20-30 discuss their masculinity in relation to societal norms within the Swedish context. We wanted to identify how masculinity norms play out in their day-to-day lives by asking, “How do the young male students reproduce traditional masculinity norms in their daily lives?” and “In what way do the young male students speak about and relate to new masculinity in their daily lives?”. For our data collection we used a qualitative method and conducted 8 interviews with young men that are currently studying at university in different fields. For our theory we used masculinity, socialization, norms and stereotypes. The study results showed that our interviewees  understand and discuss their masculinity as strongly shaped by masculinity norms and stereotypes that they face daily. For example, they gave expression to the pressure they feel to act like “real men” and how problematic it can be when they do not fit in. However, they also challenge these norms as they strive to change them towards a more positive and softer image of masculinity by for example, showing emotions. The conclusion we reached made us think about how influential social structures really are while at the same time they nonetheless can be challenged, which is consistent with previous studies within the field of Men and Masculinities.

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  • 34.
    Österberg, Johan
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Social and Psychological Studies (from 2013). Försvarshögskolan.
    Rydstedt, L W
    Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Department of Social Sciences, Lillehammer, Norway.
    Kleiven, J
    Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Department of Social Sciences, Lillehammer, Norway.
    Fors Brandebo, M
    Swedish Defence University (SEDU), Karlstad, Sweden.
    The Path to Job Satisfaction: Applying the Theory of Purposeful Behavior to Military Conditions2017In: Journal of Defense Resources Management, ISSN 2068-9403, E-ISSN 2247-6466, Vol. 8, no 1, p. 27-42Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this study was to examine the relationships between, on one hand,personality and performance orientation and, on the other, job satisfaction andturnover intentions, using Barrick’s et al. theory of purposeful behavior. Using aquestionnaire, data about job satisfaction, performance orientation and turnover intentions were collected from 300 newly recruited Swedish soldiers. A path analysis gave partial, but not full support to the assumptions behind the theory of purposeful behavior model. No relationships were found between the personality traits of emotional stability and conscientiousness, nor to either performance orientation or directly to job satisfaction. On the other hand, performance orientation showed a consistent relationship to perceived levels of the job characteristics, which mediated the path between the person-related variables and the outcome variables.Performance orientation also showed a strong direct relationship to general job satisfaction, which, in turn, was strongly related to turnover intentions.

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