This study is about the project Sharaf’s heroes, which aims to change - the attitudes of young men with roots in honour culture. A qualitative method has been used, with four interviews with men who work within the organization. The aim of the study has been to increase the understanding of how work against honour related violence and oppressions can be dealt with, in order to decrease it. The focus in this study lies on the young men's own view on and experiences of honour culture and their work with the project Sharaf’s heroes. Our issues are as follows: What are Sharaf’s heroes and what is the purpose of the project? Which methods are used in their work? Which problems and obstacles will it be with the work in the project and which result has the project given so far? What does an honour culture consist of and what kinds of problems does it cause? Which role has young men living in honour culture and how can they work in order to change it?

Our result shows that the project’s purpose of the project is that it will work as an aid organization in order to prevent and to change attitudes. Additionally, it will function as a knowledge bank for different authorities when it comes to honour related violence. The main method in the project is the dialogue group, where the work starts from underneath through the young generation's men. The result that the project has given so far shows that when the dialogue between children and parents start, a process begins which leads to change the current prevailing attitudes. The problems with the work in the project are above all that there is a lack of cooperation within the authorities, and that authority’s knowledge about honour related problems is inadequate.

Keywords; Honour, Young men’s role, Sharaf’s heroes, Honour related violence and oppression, Socialization, Familystructure.

During the COVID-19 pandemic Sweden stood out globally as a country that persistently refused to take drastic measures like proclaiming a curfew or a lockdown on public and commercial facilities. Instead, a “softer” approach was chosen. The population was only recommended to restrain as much as possible from social contact as well as other cautionary measures. In this chapter this Swedish “exception” is addressed, with a focus on regional differences. Much political and media focus has been on the spread of COVID-19 in the large postindustrial cities. Instead, we focus on the situation in the sparsely populated northern part, Sápmi, once colonized by the Swedish kingdom. Here, the city of Gällivare was severely affected by the virus. In symbiosis with the state-controlled mining industry, the community had a steady national and international inflow of mining-related personnel which resulted in one of the highest infection rates per capita nationally.

We set out to assess the processes by which a personal empowerment-oriented intervention based on learning spaces and the Rahyab problem-solving model can help newly married women in Iran to gain more control over their life situations. Learning to use the problem-solving model independently was an important component of this seven months’ educational program. A descriptive field study design based on qualitative methods was employed for data collection and analysis. The analysis of these processes showed how, through group and individual interventions, these women could influence their intimate relationships by altering their thoughts, their management of emotions, and their overt behavior. We invite more research on how empowerment-oriented interventions can be used to support newly married women as a part of family educational programs.

Since 2000, a problem-solving model has been taught to the Society for Protecting the Rights of the Child, and teachers and  students of social work in two universities in Iran. Since 2006, with the initiation of UNICEF, social workers, psychologists  and even some psychiatrists in Iran have been learning this model. In 2008, a group of researchers created an empowerment-oriented  psycho-social group and private intervention project to assess whether a group of Iranian single mothers could use this model, which was traditionally used by professionals only, to effectively and independently meet challenges in their own lives. Our results show that all women used the model effectively and, consequently, made more deliberate decisions to improve their life situations. Some of the women succeeded in finding a job and many improved their family relationships. This study suggests that empowerment-oriented social work can help many clients to achieve their goals, and that this psycho-social intervention project can be a useful model for social work in Iran and many other societies.

The Convention on the Rights of the Child was ratified in Sweden 31 years ago and incorporated into Swedish law on 1 January 2020. The convention considers children to be rights holders. The purpose of this essay was to investigate how the social services work with children of different ages in connection with the convention and to investigate how the social services perceive collaboration with other professions in relation to the convention. To answer the purpose, four social secretaries were interviewed. The material from the interviews has been analyzed through a qualitative content analysis. The results were interpreted with the help of the childhood sociological perspective and collaboration theory. The results showed that the image of children as rights holders was rooted in the social services with a focus on the child being heard and involved. Furthermore, it emerged that information regarding how the convention was to be implemented in the practical work was requested. There was a lack of resources in relation to the work required by the convention. The conclusion is that the view of children as rights holders was in line with the sociology of childhood. Lack of education, case law and organizational conditions such as the budget risked reducing the influence of the convention in matters. In collaboration, a lack of resources risked reducing the influence of the convention in the matter. Correct expectations of each other's professions and their scope for action were considered to increase the influence of the convention in collaboration.

The purpose of this study was to figure out how foster parents view their task and the responsibilities that the task entails, what gives foster parents motivation to continue with the mission, as well as what kind of emotional attachment the foster parents experience they get to the placed children.

This study consists of six interviews, of which five of them were individual and one pair interview. The gathered material was analyzed from content analysis. Three themes emerged in the results which were: The mission as a foster family, why foster family and the everyday of foster families. The results were then analyzed through previous research along with Antonovskys concept sense of coherence, SOC and Bowlbys attachment theory. The results showed that foster families have different views depending on how long they have been foster families, what kind of children they’ve had but above all, what motivated them to start a foster family. 

Research have concluded that social relations are an important factor that counteracts stress and increase comfort levels at the workplace. The purpose for this study has been to examine how, and if, different background factors affect the employee’s social relationships and job satisfaction but also if social relationships affect job satisfaction. The survey was conducted as an exploratory survey in which the dependent variables were studied on the basis of gender, age, period of employment and project. It turned out that no statistically significant relationship was found between background variables and job satisfaction. However, a statistically significant relationship was discovered between respondents' social relationships and job satisfaction level. Age and period of employment are factors that affect social relations inside the company.  In summary, the study provides support to theories that strong social support in the workplace improves job satisfaction. Age and period of employment create the conditions for social relationships between its employees and managers. There are also some indications in the data to suggest that age affects the employees job satisfaction.

Sammanfattning

Den offentliga sektorn har under de två senaste decennierna förändras genom att New Public Management har implementerats vilket medfört att många reformer har genomförts. Det har inneburit att den offentliga sektorn har effektiviserats och slimmats. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka vilka faktorer de intervjuade lärarna och rektorerna upplever stressande samt hur de hanterar sin arbetssituation vid arbetsrelaterad stress. Mitt intresse för ämnet kommer av att jag själv arbetar som lärare på en gymnasieskola och därmed har ett inifrån perspektiv av hur lärare men även rektorer påverkas av stress.

Jag valde en kvalitativ metod med en hermeneutisk ansats som innebär tolkning och reflektion. Metoden för att inhämta empiriskt material till min studie skedde genom öppna halvstrukturerade intervjuer som innebär en flexibilitet vid intervjutillfället. Analysen av mitt material gjordes genom att jag kontinuerligt rörde mig mellan delar och helhet i en process.

Enligt Eriksson och Larsson (2011) innebär socialt stöd att relationerna till kollegor och chefer är mycket betydelsefulla. Detta bekräftar informanterna i studien. Samtidigt visar också studien att positiva interaktionsritualer var grundläggande och viktiga för lärarna och rektorerna. Collins (2004) och Olsson (2008) menar att positiva interaktionsritualer ger emotionell energi som medverkar till att individer och grupper kan hantera stressade situationer lättare. Resultatet visade även att lärarna och rektorerna använder sig av liknande strategier för att hantera sin arbetssituation vid stress och att de inom strategierna gör prioriteringar för vad som är viktigast. Det övergripande som studien visar är att det kontinuerligt råder en tidsbrist i informanternas arbete som de försöker att hantera genom olika strategier. 

In January 2020, the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child became Swedish law, whichled to a number of questions about whether the children's rights are affected within socialservices. The purpose of the study was to create an understanding of how social workersconsider the child's perspective in the handling of matters relating to financial assistance. Weused a qualitative method choice, where we collected empirical evidence with the help of sixinterviews with social workers in four different municipalities. An analysis was made using thetheoretical concept of discretion. The result showed that children in financial assistance werepaid attention to through their guardians and the child's perspective was presented only in urgentsituations, for example eviction prevention work. The results also showed that the socialworker's discretion is limited by the company's laws, rules and guidelines. On the other hand,the child's perspective is mentioned in the municipality's guidelines, but in an unclear way. Theconclusion of this study raised further questions about how children's participation and how achild's perspective can be integrated into the practical work within financial assistance. 

Aid administrators meet many elderlies in their professional role. The aim was with an from a theoretical perspective on ageism study aid administrator's experiences of discrimination against older people. In this study, the question was asked how they feel about discrimination of older people in society and what they think can strengthen the position for elderly as a group. In this study five aid administrators were interviewed about their experiences of elderly people’s discrimination. The results were analyzed using an ageism perspective with a qualitative content analysis. The result shows that aid administrators see ageism in society by meeting with older people and through social perception. They stated that discrimination, prejudice and stereotypes in society that cause problems for older people like, exclusion, poor treatment and a contributor to a negative self-image. Older becomes less represented than other groups, overrides and availability in society is not adapted to their needs and abilities. Aid administrators argue that the perception of the elderly is an area for improvement. To succeed aid administrators, see the need for knowledge about ageism and that society listens to what older people want and need. It is society's duty to combat discrimination and protect human equivalence.

This essay is a study that aims to increase knowledge about how social studies teachers work with special education. Where the research questions concern which extra adaptations and special pedagogical measures the teachers apply in their teaching. If teachers believe that multimodal tools as a tool in this context generate positive results. In addition to the teaching itself, the teachers also describe where they acquired their knowledge of special education and what their relationship looks like with their local special educators.

The theory used is called the KASAM-theory and it has been necessary to understand why teachers constantly returned to the relational. Teachers believe that students mental well-beingis a factor just as autism, ADHD and dyslexia are. But that the relational is not only about mental illness but it permeates the whole profession. The relational is incorporated in all parts where teachers and students meet, for example for the student to use and adopt special education, a relational aspect is needed.

The method the essay has used to generate data is a qualitative semi-structured interview in which six social studies teachers have participated. In the interviews, the teachers share their experiences and knowledge of special education and the use of multimodal tools. In addition,it is investigated how and when collaboration and communication with the special educator occurs, where the teachers pick up the techniques and methods used to help and compensate the students for their difficulties or differences. The teachers are briefly presented in the method chapter in order to then one by one answer the research questions on which the thesis is based.

The results and the analysis have shown that the data the interviews have generated show an openness and broadness of tools and methods the teachers use to ensure that the students, regardless of whether they have diagnoses or not, have access to a good and educational teaching. However, the use of special education is so common in the informant’s classrooms that it can be difficult for them to distinguish concrete results when another special education instrument is applied. The teachers who participated in the study unanimously describe that the main source of special education comes from other teachers and then most often from teachers with the same subject. The special educators are often regarded as a resource that takes care of individual students where they can sit and work with a special educator individually or in a small group. Another common occasion when teachers contact the special educator is when the matter concerns individual students. In the issue of multimodality, this is primarily linked to the digital, where teachers generally have a positive and sometimes a very positive view of the multimodal. Students with dyslexia are considered to be the group of students who have the greatest advantage of the digital, even if all students are perceived to benefit from the multimodal. The digital is described as having an opportunity to work with several semiotic impressions, something that teachers believe should particularly benefit students with ADHD, concentration difficulties and autism.

Frågor om våld i nära relationer är numera vanligt förekommande i media, politiska debatter, offentliga utredningar och lagändringar. Men trots detta uppmärksammas sällan äldre personers utsatthet för våld. Anledningarna kan vara flera, men tanken på att äldre kan utsättas för våld i en nära relation är för många avlägsen.

Äldre personers utsatthet för våld i nära relationer vill synliggöra att olika typer av våld förekommer mot och bland äldre personer. Men det allra viktigaste är att ge kunskap om hur omgivningen kan uppmärksamma detta och förhindra våld, samt ge hjälp och stöd. Boken belyser det ansvar som olika myndigheter, såsom socialtjänst, hälso- och sjukvård samt tandvård, har. Ett kapitel beskriver rättsprocessen vid en anmälan och ett annat belyser vilka svårigheter en äldre person kan ha när det gäller att söka hjälp och att bryta upp från en relation. Flera kapitel innehåller konkreta råd för hur exempelvis personal kan ge hjälp och stöd.

Äldre personers utsatthet för våld i nära relationer är i första hand skriven för högskoleutbildningar inom socialt arbete, vård, omsorg och medicin. Boken kan också vara till nytta för alla som vill öka sin kunskap om äldre personers utsatthet för våld i nära relationer.

Frågor om våld i nära relationer är numera vanligt förekommande i media, politiska debatter, offentliga utredningar och lagändringar. Men trots detta uppmärksammas sällan äldre personers utsatthet för våld. Anledningarna kan vara flera, men tanken på att äldre kan utsättas för våld i en nära relation är för många avlägsen.

Äldre personers utsatthet för våld i nära relationer vill synliggöra att olika typer av våld förekommer mot och bland äldre personer. Men det allra viktigaste är att ge kunskap om hur omgivningen kan uppmärksamma detta och förhindra våld, samt ge hjälp och stöd. Boken belyser det ansvar som olika myndigheter, såsom socialtjänst, hälso- och sjukvård samt tandvård, har. Ett kapitel beskriver rättsprocessen vid en anmälan och ett annat belyser vilka svårigheter en äldre person kan ha när det gäller att söka hjälp och att bryta upp från en relation. Flera kapitel innehåller konkreta råd för hur exempelvis personal kan ge hjälp och stöd.

Äldre personers utsatthet för våld i nära relationer är i första hand skriven för högskoleutbildningar inom socialt arbete, vård, omsorg och medicin. Boken kan också vara till nytta för alla som vill öka sin kunskap om äldre personers utsatthet för våld i nära relationer.

The purpose of this thesis is to reach a deeper understanding of how boundary spanners are bridging boundaries between uniformed bureaucratic organisations and their environment, characterised by demanding conditions.

The main part of this thesis is based upon empirical data gathered through 71 interviews with Swedish civil and military informants from several uniformed organisations. Four articles have been included in this thesis in order to address the overarching aim.

The results show that boundary spanners are crucial to the adaption of uniformed organisations to demanding conditions. A number of aspects that are included in the process of organisational adaption have been identified. One of the tasks is to balance between structuring and improvisation where much is at stake. The other task is to create confidence among the involved actors and contribute in different ways to create a sense of symmetry between partners. Finally, the third task for boundary spanners is to recognise improvised roles such as spontaneous links in order to maintain stressful conditions and bridge a gap in the bureaucratic organisation. 

The present thesis contributes to sociological theory of emotions, disaster management and military studies through a common denominator, namely the demanding context. Taken together, the findings increase awareness of how organisations act towards their environments and how individuals, especially boundary spanners, adapt the organisation to its environment. For leaders and managers, it is important to make decisions, provide mandates and authorisation, as well as invest confidence in boundary spanners. The hierarchical chain may remain in existence, but it can be made shorter and more transparent through this kind of knowledge.

Governmental bodies such as the Armed Forces are examples of bureaucratic organizations characterized by centralized hierarchical structure, rationality, stability, impersonal rules, clear boundaries, responsibility and authority. Critics claim that because of a rigid structure, organizations with a strict vertical hierarchy of authority do not function well in non-routine situations where creativity and flexibility are required. But hierarchy survives by incorporating elements that are not traditionally found in a classically bureaucratic structure. In the military context, liaison officers and military observers are examples of such elements, frequently operating with a high degree of independence between the boundaries of their own organization and its environment. The purpose of this study is to explore how bureaucratic, hierarchically structured organizations can function in a demanding and dynamic environment characterized by life and death situations? Twenty-one informants (mainly military officers) were interviewed. They had a variety of experiences and occupational roles in civil-military collaboration contexts. A grounded theory analysis of interview data shows that military organizations' adaptation to unpredictable environments can be empirically shown to be a balancing act between improvisation and flexibility on the one hand and the pursuit of structure and adherence to established hierarchical order on the other. For adaptation to be possible there must be actors (boundary spanners or links) to implement it, and meeting grounds (temporary organization) on which to work and get their act together.

The purpose of this study was to develop a theoretical understanding of leadership during a complex rescue operation following a major disaster in a foreign country. The analysis followed a grounded theory approach. Seventeen informants from three Swedish authorities were interviewed on leadership in the emergency handling of the 2004 tsunami in Southeast Asia. A theoretical conceptualisation was developed which includes three superior categories: antecedent conditions, situational constraints and core aspects of leadership. Within the last-mentioned superior category a core variable was identified: a balance between the need for structure and the need for freedom. Leaders who strive to create structure at the expense of freedom of action are less inclined to delegate and more likely to wear themselves out. Conversely, those who strive to create great freedom of action bypass many links in the organisational chain, thus 'short-circuiting' the organisation as a whole.

Emergency response organisations face the challenge of having a bureaucratic structure and meeting extreme situations where predefined directives cannot cover all possible emerging contingencies. The aim of this study was to gain a deeper understanding of the concept of links within the framework of emergency response agencies during severely demanding operations. The empirical data are based on fifty in-depth interviews from three crisis events. The results suggest that collaboration during crisis management is facilitated by two types of links—planned and spontaneous—and both can act vertically and horizontally. The results imply an elaboration of the organizational concept boundary spanners. 

At the Employment Service Agency, there has been high demand for good results, partly on the public’s belief that the agency withhold work, and partly on the agency’s need to process citizens quickly and efficiently out of their system. The professional role of the agency employees ought to have a complexity of some sort, which this study has also confirmed. In addition, the discretion of services has shown a number of dependent variables. Workers strive to help the unemployed to find work, but they often tend to struggle in doing so since there are other aspects of the work position that needs to be taken into consideration.The overall purpose of this study is based on a sociological perspective to shed light on factors that influence decision making made by the workers at the Employment Service Department, and in their encounter with citizens. The purpose of this study is to highlight the workers’ understanding of the challenges at work, as well as possible strategies they use to cope with hardships they face in their working day. Furthermore, this study aims for an understanding of the driving forces that motivate the administrators to keep going despite of those challenges. Questions of this study have been answered through a qualitative method in the form of semi-structured interviews, where employees were allowed to answer questions concerning their professional role and how they view the exercise of authority at the Employment Service Department..Once the material had been analyzed, observations emerged that indicate a number of factors that can influence decision makers. One central factor has been the dilemma of trying to be both government officials and fellow human beings in interaction with citizens. It has also been found that the lack of time and requirements for administration have a strong influence in decision making. Furthermore, the results of this study indicates that the workers biggest driving force is genuine care for others. However, it has shown in practice that there are a number of hidden factors that result in workers distancing themselves from their work.

Syftet med studien var att genom en kvalitativ metod undersöka socialsekreterares upplevelse av att arbeta med våld i nära relation. Två delsyften formulerades för att belysa hur socialsekreterare påverkas samt vilka hinder och möjligheter socialsekreterare upplever i arbetet med våld i nära relationer. Undersökningen genomfördes med hjälp av en halvstrukturerad intervju där sex socialsekreterare deltog. Det insamlade materialet analyserades med utgångspunkt från en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. De tre teman som växte fram ur innehållsanalysen är: Upplevelsen av arbetsmiljön, påverkan samt externt stöd. Resultatet analyserades sedan utifrån tidigare forskning samt vårt teoretiska perspektiv kravkontrollmodellen. För att få en bredare förklaringsmodell valdes även begreppen sekundär traumatisk stress och resilience. Resultatet visar att socialsekreterare påverkas i hög grad av våldsärenden och de krav som finns på arbetsplatserna men det framkommer även att det går att bygga upp en motståndskraft i yrkesutövandet. Betydelsen av handledning, fortbildning samt goda relationer mellan kollegorna framkommer som viktiga faktorer för att underbygga denna motståndskraft enligt resultatet. Slutsats: Det behöver skapas mer möjligheter för att utveckla socialsekreterares hållbarhet i yrket.

Sammanfattning.

Uppsatsen är baserad på de intervjuer som jag gjort. Jag tar reda på bakgrund och orsaker till varför man väljer att komma till Sverige för att leva och arbeta. Det kan finnas många skäl till varför man väljer att flytta till ett annat land.

Vi lever idag i en globaliserad värld där allt som görs lokalt får en global påverkan. Pengar och företag flyttar runt i världen utan att ta hänsyn till nationella gränser. Människor i västvärlden har stora möjligheter att resa och arbeta i större utsträckning än tidigare. Men det är dock inte lika för alla. Det finns de som är hett eftertraktade på marknaden, och de som inte har samma möjligheter. Det gäller att skaffa sig en utbildning som gör personen attraktiv att anställa.

EU har inneburit att det inte längre finns några formella hinder som begränsar möjligheterna att arbeta i annat medlemsland. De som kommer till Sverige gör det för att de vill ha bättre arbetsvillkor, eller för att komma närmare naturen. Med bra kommunikationer, är det heller inte så svårt att besöka sitt gamla hemland. Utbyggnaden av Internet har också medfört att det numera är mycket enklare att upprätthålla kontakter med familj och vänner.

Familjen har idag inte samma betydelse som det hade förr. Innan industrin byggde sina fabriker så var det vanligt med storfamiljer. Familjen hade en gemensam ekonomi och man hade inte särskilt stora valmöjligheter. När industrin ville ha arbetskraft, så innebar det att familjen inte längre hade samma ekonomiska betydelse. Man kunde i högre grad välja hur man ville leva sitt liv. Detta var starten för konsumtionssamhället. Människor började lämna sina storfamiljer och flyttade dit det fanns arbete.

The purpose of this study was to investigate how the “woman” is depicted and created on fashion and lifestyle blogs. I have done this from a “doing gender” perspective. I have also used Goffman’s theories of identity values and stigma.    

I been working with an eclectic approach to the choice of method and I have therefore been using different methods in which content coding on text and symbolic interpretation of images has been the most prominent. These codes were created based on my theoretical framework.    

The result of my analysis is that gender is done on fashion and lifestyle blogs relative to the two categories, sex categorization as well as gender. This doing appears in different forms in which the body´s appearance, its decoration and individuals´ behavior and opinions are of central importance. Identity values and stigma are two phenomena that are manifest on this kind of blogs. These two phenomena occur in relation to both sex categorization and gender.   

Studiens syfte var att utifrån ett emotionssociologiskt perspektiv öka förståelsen för det härbärgeringsarbete som utförs av omsorgspersonal inom särskilt boende. Det var även att undersöka vad personalen gör för att klara av härbärgeringsarbetet samt vad som underlättar respektive försvårar det. För uppfylla syftet intervjuades sex stycken undersköterskor som arbetade inom särskilt boende. Materialet från intervjuerna kodades, sorterades och kategoriserades vilket resulterade i fyra huvudsakliga härbärgeringssituationer och strategier samt två huvudsakliga organisatoriska förutsättningar och brister. De teorier som användes var Hochschilds (2012) teori om emotionellt arbete och emotionellt lönearbete, Collins (2004) teori om interaktionsritualer och Olssons (2008) teori om härbärgeringsarbete.

Situationerna då känslor behövde härbärgeras var; i närheten av döden, möten med kravfyllda och otrevliga anhöriga, möten med oroliga och dementa boende och när man är rädd för att göra den boende ledsen. I dessa situationer var det personalens egna känslor som behövde härbärgeras som en konsekvens av att de befann sig i sin yrkesroll. Personalens strategier för att hantera härbärgeringsarbetet var; prata med kollegor och dela känslor, begränsa exponeringen på kort och lång sikt, göra interaktionen med de boende trivsam och enkel samt sänka krav och förväntningar. De förutsättningar som de intervjuade upplevde sig ha var ett bra samspel och stöd från kollegor samt lyckade interaktioner med de boende. De hinder och brister de upplevde i arbetet var bristande kollegialt stöd och för lite avsatt tid till reflektion. Förutsättningarna gjorde härbärgeringsarbetet lättare att utföra medan bristerna och hindren dels skapade härbärgeringssituationer och försvårade härbärgeringsarbetet och användandet av personalens strategier. 

Denna studie handlar om hur sju gymnasietjejers syn på män påverkas av förekomsten av våldtäkter. Studiens syfte är att öka förståelsen för att våldtäkter även påverkar de tjejer som inte själva blivit utsatta för våldtäkt och främst hur detta påverkar deras syn på män på olika sätt. Studien är gjord genom kvalitativa intervjuer på en gymnasieskola i en mellanstor svensk stad. Materialet från intervjuerna har analyserats med hjälp av socialpsykologiska begrepp så som socialisation, internalisering, könsroll, stereotyp och könsstereotyp. I materialet finner jag att tjejerna ser varje okänd man som en potentiell våldtäktsman, att själva existensen av en okänd man innebär en risk för en tjej. Vidare visar resultatet att tjejer talar om män som aggressiva, i stort behov av sex och med svårigheter att kontrollera sig. Tjejerna relaterar mycket av detta till djurvärlden. I analysen finner jag att denna syn på okända män har att göra med socialisationen, att tjejerna genom sin uppväxt har fått lära sig att okända män är farliga för tjejer. Enligt min analys är deras syn på män relativt vanlig; deras syn reflekterar våra könsroller som vi föds in i och den syn på de beteenden som är förknippade med könen. Deras syn på män är ett typiskt exempel på en könsstereotyp som de har internaliserat från samhället och från media.  

The purpose of this essay was to examine court decisions regarding transfer of custody, where the Court of appeal had changed the district court's original judgement. Our aim was to illuminate the circumstances on which the courts made decisions and what differences existed between the district court and the Court of appeal. The study was implemented using a structural perspective of power and a perspective of children's rights. Our study was implemented with a qualitative design and we used a qualitative content analysis to examine the context of our requested court decisions. The results presented following circumstances on which the courts made decisions regarding custody transfer; the child's attachment and relationship to the foster family, parenting ability, the child's relationship and association with the guardians, social services contributions to the guardians and possibility of reunion and best interest of the child. During the analysis of our collected material, we found that there were differences in how the courts made their assessments regarding the circumstances that we mentioned earlier. Based on the results of the study, we were able to draw conclusions that the courts to a large extent took into account similar circumstances before deciding on the transfer of custody. However, the result showed differences in what significance they attributed to each circumstance.

This essay focuses on the ongoing pandemic, covid-19, and the role of the experts in society. The essay is based on two surveys, three opinion polls, four articles, one television clip and Stefan Löfven's speech to the nation. The study is of a quantitative method, the results of the questionnaires have been processed in SPSS and the remaining results have served as a complement to the results that have emerged in the questionnaires. The purpose of this essay is to investigate the role of the experts during a crisis. The study uses theories of trust in experts, subjective and objective reality, risk perception theory and the risks of modernization to knowledge.

In the results that appear in the exam, it is possible to see that the experts have a central role during a crisis. Experts are needed for a risk or a crisis to be seen as a risk, they are also needed for people to be able to recognize an invisible risk that this type of modernization risk is. In the result it is also possible to see that there is an unchanged or increased trust in experts, it can also be seen in the result that there are factors that influence how a person acts during a crisis. These factors can be, for example, gender and age.

The purpose of this study was to investigate how social workers feel that their competence in social work has been affected through international placement. Two issues were formulated; what competencies social workers felt they had developed during international placement and how the competencies were used in their daily work. The data came from five semi-structured interviews with professional social workers. The data material was analyzed with a qualitative content analysis. Results were analyzed against a theoretical frame of reference and knowledge overview. The theoretical frame of reference consisted of two theories with different definitions of competence. The results and analysis of the study show that international placement is an opportunity for social work students to gain experience of working with social work abroad. The experience is generally not perceived to be useful in daily work. However, after analysis, several competencies emerged. The experience provides an understanding of international social work and clients' experiences of segregation. Among other things, students develop their ability for flexibility, sensitivity and initiative. International placement can be social work students' first experience of client work and therefore develop their communication skills, such as conversation methodology. There is a risk that international placement adds to students' prejudices about countries other than Sweden.

Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur biståndshandläggare inom äldreomsorgen förhåller sig till personer med demensdiagnos i relation till självbestämmanderätten enligt Socialtjänstlagen. För att kunna uppnå studiens syfte applicerades en kvalitativ metod i form av intervjuer och totalt intervjuades sex biståndshandläggare. Empirin som samlades in transkriberades och bearbetades med hjälp av en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultatet analyserades därefter med hjälp av Lipskys gräsrotsbyråkrati samt begreppet empowerment. Studiens resultat visade på att alla biståndshandläggarna uppgav att självbestämmanderätten är viktig i arbetet med personer med demensdiagnos men hade delade meningar om självbestämmanderätten alltid kan uppnås. En utmaning som framkom i resultatet var att vissa personer med demensdiagnos motsätter sig hjälp trots sitt behov av hjälp. Biståndshandläggarna i studien använde sig av liknande strategier för att den enskilde ska samtycka och ta emot hjälp. Sammanfattningsvis förhåller sig biståndshandläggarna till självbestämmanderätten på olika sätt samt att det finns flera utmaningar i arbetet med personer med demensdiagnos.

Background: Changes in modal choice is argued to be one way to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases. Increasing modal choices in favour of more environmentally friendly travel modes requires a better understanding of how these choices are actually made. The first aim of this study is therefore to examine how modal choice is related to subjective experiences as perceived accessibility, perceived satisfaction , habit, both before , after an intervention promoting public transport. The second aim is to examine how modal choice is affected by the intervention. Finally, the third aim is to examine how subjective experiences as perceived accessibility, perceived satisfaction, and habit are affected by the intervention.Method: The design used is a before-and after-study with free public travel passes as the intervention (30-or 14-days free travel pass). Altogether, 52 travelers - distributed on two intervention groups and one control group - participated in the study. The 30-days free travel pass group constitutes 18 participants, the 14-days free travel pass group constitutes 19 participants while the control group constitutes 15 participants. During the before -period the participants were asked to register their modal choice using a digitalized application downloaded on their smart phones (the TravelVu app), to complete a short app-based questionnaire, and a web-based questionnaire. During the after-period, they were once again asked to register their modal choice and to complete a web-based questionnaire. All data collected were analyzed by variance or correlation analyses using the change between before-and after period as the dependent variable.Results: The results show that walking was more common than the use of public transport and car, which in turn were more common than the use of bicycle. Perceived accessibility, perceived satisfaction, general health, life quality as well as habit were all rated fairly high. Over time, the use of public transport increased while the use of car decreased overall. With increased use of public transport, the perceived accessibility decreased, but on the other hand, the life quality increased. There was no difference in perceived accessibility, perceived satisfaction, or habit between the three groups, but the participants became overall more satisfied with the standard of their experiences of their everyday travel (cognitive evaluation). At the same time, they became less reflective of their choice of travel mode and less interested in trying out new alternative travel modes during the after-compared to the before period.Conclusion: The intervention did not affect the modal choice or the subjective experiences. Over time, the participants did however increase their use of public transport and their cognitive evaluation of their everyday travel overall, while they decreased their use of car and became less reflective and less interested in trying out new alternative travel modes. These changes might be attributed to their participation in the present study.

The purpose of this study was to examine how the fathers experienced that they were treated when in contact with social authorities regarding the custody of their children and how norms, perceptions and expectations can be understood related to fatherhood. This study used the theories intersectional perspective and hegemonic masculinity. In this study I used two autobiographies about fathers in child custody disputes. The result was analyzed using a thematic analysis and associated themes. From the books I chose two themes. These were: Notions of the father role and Powerlessness in parenting and in meetings with social authorities. The results show that social authorities make judgements about who is the best suited parent based on norms, perceptions and expectations depending on gender. The fathers experienced that they were sidelined in their role as fathers and that their opinions were not given any importance. Social authorities in these cases make judgements based on gender,disregard the fathers and does not attach enough importance to their views in these matters.