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  • 1.
    Ahlin, Nina
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013).
    Djuren och naturens värde mot grön energi: En analys av miljökonsekvensbeskrivningar inom vindkraft för prioritering av djur ochnatur jämfört med andra intressen2021Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 180 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this essay is to research how Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)documents for wind power prioritises animals and nature compared to other factors, for thisessay it is green energy. Green energy in today’s society is valued high for a more sustainablefuture. EIA in Sweden has the purpose to show the consequences of an action/operation. ButEIA documents have a long way to go, because there are shortcomings in the process. Theseshortcomings are partly due to the lack of proper theoretical frameworks for EIA, and in partdue to how the authors and those who request an EIA document are affected by their society.In the essays case the dominant culture and society’s view on the relationship between manand nature and the animals there. The result of the essay is: Animals and nature often gets tostand back in the face of human interest, which is valued higher. Examples of interest are,renewable energy, consequences for humans and society in the form of limited access to thearea. A changed landscape picture (ethical value), noises, shadow hours and ice throwingfrom the rotor blades.

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  • 2.
    Akoth, Winnie
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Political, Historical, Religious and Cultural Studies (from 2013).
    Sustainable Mobility: A quantitative study on the influence of user attitudes and risk perceptions on the consumer's intention to purchase electric vehicles.2022Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    In the last decade the automobile industry has invested heavily in the developments of better vehicles, in regards to performance, emissions and also durability. The latest development has been the introduction of electric vehicles into the markets. The electric vehicles are touted as being better for the environment in terms of emissions and even low noise production. The United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy)calls for ensuring that everyone has access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy. This goal is often geared towards moving the energy production to more renewable sources, making it highly relevant to electric vehicles. Electric vehicles are still fairly new in the market, so it’s worth exploring what the purchase intention looks like and how the interacting environmental factors contribute to the overall intention.

    This study aims to investigate consumer’s purchase intention in regards to electric vehicles and the influences that user beliefs, attitudes and risk perceptions have on the consumer’s final decision. The study also seeks to find out how the environmental risk aspects associated with the electric vehicles closely tie into the overall purchase intention. The method of collecting data was through a web-based survey where the respondents filled out different sections, the results of the survey were then studied and presented using quantitative analysis methods. The results of this study are presented with the help of previous research and theoretical frameworks that are relevant to the study topic.

    The study concluded that the purchase intention for electric vehicles was pretty high and that the factors influencing the intentions had more to do with personal gains or savings rather than an overall concern for the environment. The study also shows how subtly our actions can be influenced by behavioural social norms around us, this is shown in the fact that the perceived initial motivation behind the purchase intention of electric vehicles is the concern for the environment but on a deeper level it proves to be the result of social action norms.

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  • 3.
    Alamdar, Ambreen
    et al.
    Institute of Urban Environment, China.
    Ali Musstjab Akber Shah Eqani, Syed
    Institute of Urban Environment, China; COMSAT Institute of Information & Technology, Pakistan.
    Waqar Ali, Saeed
    COMSAT Institute of Information & Technology, Pakistan.
    Sohail, Mohammad
    COMSAT Institute of Information & Technology, Pakistan.
    Bhowmik, Avit Kumar
    University of Koblenz-Landau, Germany.
    Cincinelli, Alessandra
    University of Florence, Italy.
    Subhani, Marghoob
    International Islamic University, Pakistan.
    Ghaffar, Bushra
    International Islamic University, Pakistan.
    Ullah, Rizwan
    Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Pakistan.
    Huang, Qingyu
    Institute of Urban Environment, China.
    Shen, Heqing
    Institute of Urban Environment, China.
    Human Arsenic exposure via dust across the different ecological zones of Pakistan2016In: Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, ISSN 0147-6513, E-ISSN 1090-2414, Vol. 126, p. 219-227Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The present study aims to assess the arsenic (As) levels into dust samples and its implications for human health, of four ecological zones of Pakistan, which included northern frozen mountains (FMZ), lower Himalyian wet mountains (WMZ), alluvial riverine plains (ARZ), and low lying agricultural areas (LIZ). Human nail samples (N=180) of general population were also collected from the similar areas and all the samples were analysed by using ICP-MS. In general the higher levels (p < 0.05) in paired dust and human nail samples were observed from ARZ and LIZ than those of other mountainous areas (i.e., WMZ and FMZ), respectively. Current results suggested that elevated As concentrations were associated to both natural, (e.g. geogenic influences) and anthropogenic sources. Linear regression model values indicated that As levels into dust samples were associated with altitude (r(2)=0.23), soil carbonate carbon density (SCC; r(2)=033), and population density (PD; r(2)=0.25). The relationship of paired dust and nail samples was also investigated and associations were found for As-nail and soil organic carbon density (SOC; r(2)=0.49) and SCC (r(2)=0.19) in each studied zone, evidencing the dust exposure as an important source of arsenic contamination in Pakistan. Risk estimation reflected higher hazard index (HI) values of non carcinogenic risk (HI > 1) for children populations in all areas (except FMZ), and for adults in LIZ (0.74) and ARZ (0.55), suggesting that caution should be paid about the dust exposure. Similarly, carcinogenic risk assessment also highlighted potential threats to the residents of LLZ and ARZ, as in few cases (5-10%) the values exceeded the range of US -EPA threshold limits (10'6-10-4).

  • 4.
    Al-Hazmi, Hussein E.
    et al.
    Gdańsk University of Technology, Poland.
    Mohammadi, Ali
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Engineering and Chemical Sciences (from 2013).
    Hejna, Aleksander
    Poznan University of Technology, Poland.
    Majtacz, Joanna
    Gdańsk University of Technology, Poland.
    Esmaeili, Amin
    University of Doha for Science and Technology (UDST), Qatar.
    Habibzadeh, Sajjad
    Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Iran.
    Saeb, Mohammad Reza
    Gdańsk University of Technology, Poland.
    Badawi, Michael
    Université de Lorraine, France.
    Lima, Eder C.
    University of Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil.
    Mąkinia, Jacek
    Gdańsk University of Technology, Poland.
    Wastewater reuse in agriculture: Prospects and challenges2023In: Environmental Research, ISSN 0013-9351, E-ISSN 1096-0953, Vol. 236, article id 116711Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Sustainable water recycling and wastewater reuse are urgent nowadays considering water scarcity and increased water consumption through human activities. In 2015, United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 6 (UN SDG6) highlighted the necessity of recycling wastewater to guarantee water availability for individuals. Currently, wastewater irrigation (WWI) of crops and agricultural land appears essential. The present work overviews the quality of treated wastewater in terms of soil microbial activities, and discusses challenges and benefits of WWI in line with wastewater reuse in agriculture and aquaculture irrigation. Combined conventional-advanced wastewater treatment processes are specifically deliberated, considering the harmful impacts on human health arising from WWI originating from reuse of contaminated water (salts, organic pollutants, toxic metals, and microbial pathogens i.e., viruses and bacteria). The comprehensive literature survey revealed that, in addition to the increased levels of pathogen and microbial threats to human wellbeing, poorly-treated wastewater results in plant and soil contamination with toxic organic/inorganic chemicals, and microbial pathogens. The impact of long-term emerging pollutants like plastic nanoparticles should also be established in further studies, with the development of standardized analytical techniques for such hazardous chemicals. Likewise, the reliable, long-term and extensive judgment on heavy metals threat to human beings's health should be explored in future investigations.

  • 5.
    Almberg, Ellinor
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences.
    Riskstudie av en förändrad användning av bromerade flamskyddsmedel2007Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 points / 15 hpStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This paper is a qualitative study about the changing image of risk when the use of brominated flame retardants BFR goes from prohibited ones, to alternative flame retardants, with the account of existing knowledge and the effects on humans and the environment. The use of brominated flame retardants has been going through a large increase since the 1950s. Today the global production estimates 200 000 ton each year. The five most common BFR and those the focus lay on in this paper are: Tetrabromobisphenol A TBBP-A, Penta-, Octa- and Decabromodiphenylether (PBDE) and Hexabromocyclododecane HBCDD. These substances are all exist in many different variants where the properties could vary. Some characteristic properties for all of them are low general volatility but high solubility in fat and that they are persistent. BFR are used in many different areas like textiles, building material, electrical products and in printed circuit cards for computers. BFR can leak out during the products whole life-cycle. Each year, tonnes of BFR release to the European environment.

    PBDE have been discovered in animals, scattered over big parts of the world. The evidence of the negative effects is not considered to be strong enough for a full ban of TPPP-A, HBCDD or DecaBDE in the European Union. However effects like impairing learning functions, changes in the spontaneous behaviour and different hormone levels have been detected in tests on laboratory animals. Levels of BFR have also been found in human breast milk. This is a big risk factor because small children and embryos are particularly sensitive. The neurological development is for example very complex and a changing hormone level could have devastating consequences.

    All the five Swedish authorities that have been contacted in this paper consider the usage of brominated flame retardants as a problem and have the opinion that the solution lay in measures in a European Union level. The agencies have different commissions but all of them work, either for an increased security and information level, or for a sustainable society development. The fact that the use of BFR involves many insecurities, make their tasks even more difficult to reach. Different circumstances can lead to either an increase or a decrease usage of BFR. Legislation and directives can inhibit the use of BFR whereas lobbying and fire safety demands could have the opposite effect. Alternative fire retardants have been developed; both technical solutions where the safety lay in the design of the product but also new way of protect plastics from fires.

    The conclusion is; the risk will decrease if legislation prohibits a whole group of chemicals, but not fast enough. The level of knowledge about the existing chemicals is rising but the knowledge about the brominated options is still to low.

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  • 6. Andersson, B. I.
    et al.
    Bishop, K. H.
    Borg, G. C.
    Giesler, G.
    Hultberg, H.
    Huse, M.
    Moldan, F.
    Nyberg, Lars
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Centre for Climate and Safety.
    Nygaard, P. H.
    Nyström, U.
    The covered catchment site: A description of the physiography, climate and vege-tation of three small coniferous forest catchments at Gårdsjön, South-west Sweden1998In: Experimental Reversal of Acid Rain Effects: the Gård-sjön Roof Project, redaktörer: Hultberg H. och Skeffington R., John, England: Wiley & Sons Ltd , 1998Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 7. Andersson, Elin
    Transportinformationskampanjer och klimatproblematiken: En studie av fyra teman som påverkar beteendeförändringar2012Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 8. Andersson, M
    et al.
    Carlsson, B
    Danielsson, K
    Enström, J
    van Hees, P A W
    Lundström, U S
    Nyberg, Lars
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Centre for Climate and Safety.
    Försurning av skogsmark i Värmland1996Report (Refereed)
  • 9.
    Andersson, Moa
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Political, Historical, Religious and Cultural Studies (from 2013).
    20 år efter översvämningen – har Arvika ”built back better”?: Undersökning av en svensk kommuns hantering av översvämningsrisk2021Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Climate change is a complex risk that entails new challenges for risk management. The risk of flooding increases as sea levels rise and rainfall and heavy rain become more frequent. The adaptation of communities to climate change is of the utmost importance, given that emission levels continue to increase and climate change at this stage is inevitable. In cities around the world, there is a trend where former industrial ports are being transformed into areas with waterfront buildings. To manage the risk of flooding different types of flood protection are built, for example levees, dikes and dams. Research shows that such types of protection tend to lead to reduced risk perception and a false sense of security which in turn results in increased exploitation of flood-threatened areas. This has a negative effect on the resilience of societies and can lead to devastating consequences should the protection break.

    The aim of the study is to contribute to knowledge about how climate adaptation measures for floods affect community resilience and to investigate the relationship between flood risk management and the development of buildings in urban environments. The intention is that the findings of this study can work as support in future design of climate adaptation measures to make them more efficient.

    The study is carried out as a qualitative case study of Arvika municipality's management of flood risk. Data are collected from key municipal documents and semi-structured interviews with representatives from the communal emergency service, the county administrative board and The Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency. The material is divided into categories with the help of qualitative content analysis and are later discussed using theories about resilience and risk homeostasis.

    The results show that the knowledge about flood risk before a major event in the municipality was deficient and that the risk of flooding up to that point had been neglected in the municipality's risk inventory. After the incident, the knowledge has increased, collaboration between actors has improved and the working methods of the emergency service have changed. The interviews show that the view of the flood protection's impact on resilience is predominantly positive and that the protection is seen as enabling exploitation in the city's port area, but that this is subject to a certain degree of uncertainty.

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  • 10. Andersson, Peter
    Europeiska Unionens vattenramdirektiv: En studie i dess inverkan på Östersjöns vattenkvalité2013Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 11.
    Andersson Sjöberg, Åsa
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013).
    Samhällets Sårbarhet för Klimatförändringarna2013Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The effects of the climate changes are expected to generate several substantial direct and indirect consequences on both ecosystems and societies. It is the extent of the negative consequences that determents the vulnerability of the things or the ones exposed. The knowledge of the effects and consequences by a changing climate provides an opportunity to take measures to reduce the vulnerability.Our society’s vulnerability depends on how we choose to act out of the existing knowledge and what measures we choose to take. 

    Karlstad municipality has good knowledge and perception of the increased flood risks the climate changes will generate and the probable consequences that most likely will follow. How the municipality decides to manage the flooding issue is not just affected by the will to mitigate the vulnerability but also by the vision to increase the number of citizens. Karlstad municipality wants to oblige the citizen’s demand of settlements close to the water in order to reach the aim to gain the population quantity. Hereby attractive areas are developed even though they are estimated to be vulnerable. The motivation is that the knowledge about the flood risks makes it possible to take necessary measures to reduce the risks.

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  • 12.
    Andersson-Skold, Yvonne
    et al.
    Swedish Natl Rd & Transport Res Inst VTI, S-40278 Gothenburg, Sweden.;Karlstad Univ, Ctr Climate & Safety, S-65188 Karlstad, Sweden..
    Nyberg, Lars
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Centre for Climate and Safety (from 2013).
    Effective and Sustainable Flood and Landslide Risk Reduction Measures: An Investigation of Two Assessment Frameworks2016In: International Journal of Disaster Risk Science, ISSN 2095-0055, Vol. 7, no 4, p. 374-392Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Natural events such as floods and landslides can have severe consequences. The risks are expected to increase, both as a consequence of climate change and due to increased vulnerabilities, especially in urban areas. Although preventive measures are often cost-effective, some measures are beneficial to certain values, while some may have negative impacts on other values. The aim of the study presented here was to investigate two frameworks used for assessing the effectiveness and sustainability of physical and nonphysical flood and landslide risk reduction measures. The study is based on literature, available information from authorities and municipalities, expert knowledge and experience, and stakeholder views and values. The results indicate that the risks for suboptimization or maladaptation are reduced if many aspects are included and a broad spectrum of stakeholders are involved. The sustainability assessment tools applied here can contribute to a more transparent and sustainable risk management process by assessing strategies and interventions with respect to both short- and long-term perspectives, including local impacts and wider environmental impacts caused by climate change, for example. The tools can also cover social and economic aspects. The assessment tools provide checklists that can support decision processes, thus allowing for more transparent decisions.

  • 13.
    Andersson-Sköld, Yvonne
    et al.
    SGI.
    Bergman, Ramona
    SGI.
    Johansson, Magnus
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences.
    Persson, Erik
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013).
    Nyberg, Lars
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Centre for Climate and Safety.
    Landslide risk management — A brief overview and example from Sweden of current situation and climate change2013In: International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, ISSN 2212-4209, Vol. 3, no March, p. 44-61Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Landslide risk is a function of the probability of the event and its consequences. Previous research has shown that preventive measures to reduce the risk are preferred over reactive measures but, especially in developing countries, rarely undertaken. A contributing factor is the lack of evidence that preventive measures pay. This study includes a brief overview of landslide risk management in general and an investigation of the present risk management situation in Sweden based on interviews in 11 municipalities complemented with interviews in Norway. The result shows that climate change has become part of the general awareness and started to be taken into account in the municipal spatial planning. Landslide susceptibility maps and databases are useful tools in the complex spatial planning. The results indicate that the application of landslide susceptibility and risk maps as previously applied for preventive measures and spatial planning in the landslide prone area Gota alv river valley have been cost effective. Improved documentation and more active communication among different stakeholders would, however, contribute to more effective landslide management.

  • 14.
    Andréasson, Robin
    Karlstad University.
    En kritisk diskursanalys av Europa 2020 strategins förhållningssätt till hållbar utveckling.: Ur perspektiven ekologisk modernisering och miljörättvisa.2016Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Abstract

    Inspired by Maarten A. Hajer (1995), this work will analyze and attempt to clarify how environmental and equity issues are reflected in the development policies that takes place from a contemporary perspective at EU level. In this case, with a focus on the Europe 2020, “A European strategy for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth” Which are analyzed through a critical discourse analysis after Fairclough’s three dimensional model in relation to the research question: Which discourse/discourses appears in the “Europe 2020” in terms of economic development in relation to the environment and justice, and; What truths/hegemonies emerges in relation to the environment and development in this communicative event? The analysis contributed to the clarification of a number of prominent discourses, truths/hegemonies described constituted and likewise reproduce the larger ideological social practice. Growth discourse is seen as the reigning discourse for which all inferiors discourses comply. Its realization is seen as a prerequisite for sustainable development and social shared stance. This thus realized through ecological modernization as a tool to decouple environmental degradation and create new markets and competitive advantages and thus prosperity in terms of growth. In relation to the essays purpose to see whether the EU sustainability discourse is used as a power discourse, it is clear in relation to previous research and critique of ecological modernization that some equity perspectives and interests are being excluded in this discursive practice.

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    En kritisk diskursanalys av Europa 2020 strategins förhållningssätt till hållbar utveckling. Ur perspektiven ekologisk modernisering och miljörättvisa.
  • 15.
    Anting Paulsson, Emma
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013).
    Hur framställs klimatflyktingar i media?: En jämförelse mellan svenska och amerikanska nyhetsartiklar2014Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 16.
    Aronsson, Måns
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013).
    Medborgares relationer till urbana grönområden: En studie om attityder, grönområden och landskap2021Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 180 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Nature plays an important part for the human race. With the positive effects from ecosystemservices, Nature's ability to help prevent and diminish the effects of rough weather or thedirect positive effects on human health, both physical and mental. With an increase inurbanization more and more people live in the cities. Therefore it’s important that the greenareas that exist within the cities are appreciated and used by the citizens. The objective of thisstudy is to, through interviews with citizens in Karlstad, investigate how the green areas inKarlstad affect the citizens and what kind of attitudes of the green areas that exist. Based onthe results from the interviews it’s clear that the respondents have a very positive attitudetowards the green areas in Karlstad. Their good accessibility as well as their ability to providea space that disrupts the general landscape of the city. A place where you can find peace andrest without the impressions from the city. However, there were also many smaller greenareas where the qualities resulted in a smaller disruption of the city landscape. However thesegreen areas are still very appreciated based on their function to give a small rest in the citylandscape as well as making the city feel more alive. Rather than the bigger green areasability to serve as a total disruption of visuals and impressions. The general consensus is thatKarlstads green areas are very appreciated, based on their accessibility, visual beauty as wellas the different functions.

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  • 17. Bergelin, Rebecca
    Påverkan av extrem nederbörd på det svenska vägnätet2013Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 18.
    Berggren, Ella
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013).
    Landsbygdens gröna omställning: En studie om hur invånare på landsbygden ser på en grön omställning2019Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    A green transition in Swedish households has a crucial role in reducing the current environmental problems. Environmental problems have been individualized and the responsibility for living a more environmental friendly life is thus at the individual level. When environmental problems are individualized with an increased responsibility of the individual as a result, the conditions are required to be able to live a more environmentally friendly life, conditions that vary as a result if where the individual chooses to live. It becomes complicated if a green transition is not adapted för the whole nation but only part of it.

    The study is a qualitative interview study focusing on how citizens in rural areas opinion on a green transition based on the usual areas of transition, transport, waste, consumption and energy. The material from the interviews has been analyzed with a qualitative content analysis. The purpose of the study has been to examine how the citizens look at a green transition and what obstacles and opportunities are presented.

    The results of the study shows that there are good opportunities for households in rural areas to implement green transition in certain sectors while other changes are presented as more complicated. The possibility of implementing a green transition in practice is presented differently based on were the individual chooses to live. The study thus shows that the green transition are perceived differently based on whether the individuals lives in rural or urban areas.

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    EB_Examensarbete
  • 19.
    Bergius, Emilia
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013).
    Landsbygden, folkhälsan och den fysiska planeringen: En fallstudie om hur mindre svenska landsbygdskommuner integrerar folkhälsa i fysisk planering2014Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Det är en svensk ambition att folkhälsan ges större utrymme i samhällsplaneringen. Dock finns i dagsläget inga lagstadgade krav eller tydliga riktlinjer kring hur folkhälsoaspekter ska integreras i fysisk planering. En stor del av ansvaret för att uppfylla denna ambition hamnar på de svenska kommunerna och det är i dessa som de svåra avvägningarna mellan olika intressen måste göras. Syftet med denna studie är att studera vilka hinder och möjligheter som finns med att integrera folkhälsoaspekter i planering och utformning av den kommunala fysiska miljön.

    Denna studie är utformad som en fallstudie där en svensk kommun har studerats med hjälp av intervjuer och dokumentanalyser. Resultaten från denna studie visar att konflikter med miljömässiga och ekonomiska värden är ett hinder när folkhälsoaspekter ska integreras i kommunal samhällsplanering. En rådande oenighet kring hur folkhälsobegreppet definieras och används, samt bristande kunskap om begreppet är ytterligare hinder som belyses i studien. Att folkhälsoinsatser sällan ger mätbara resultat är en ännu en faktor som hindrar integreringen av folkhälsoaspekter i fysisk planering. Engagemang, arbetsbelastning och tidsbrist är andra faktorer som påverkar i vilken utsträckning folkhälsoaspekter beaktas i den kommunala samhällsplaneringen. Slutligen är målsättningar och tvärsektoriellt samarbete centralt för att skapa likvärdiga förväntningar och samförstånd mellan aktörer där folkhälsofrämjande insatser ska genomföras.  

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    Arkivfil
  • 20.
    Berglund, Teresa
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences.
    Student 'sustainability consciousness' and decision making on sustainability dilemmas: Investigating effects of implementing education for sustainable development in Swedish upper secondary schools2014Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The central role of education for sustainable development (SD) has been emphasized since the 1990s. SD involves the three areas of environment, economy and society, with a focus on the relationships between environmental protection and human development. Education for sustainable development (ESD) takes a holistic view on the environmental, economic and social dimensions of SD and aims to empower students to engage in the democratic development of society in a more sustainable direction. Policy-level and research community discussions have addressed the ways in which ESD has been implemented internationally. This study focuses on upper secondary students, and investigates their views on sustainability and the ways they make decisions related to SD. The study aims to address the interdisciplinary and multidimensional content embraced in the concept of SD and the development of competences often associated with ESD. A survey investigating students’ (n=638) sustainability consciousness (SC) and their decision-making in a number of SD related contexts was conducted in 15 Swedish upper secondary schools. The results show that students attending schools with an ESD profile are characterized by stronger SC than students attending regular schools; however the difference is small and mostly related to the economic dimension of SD. Furthermore, students who prioritize environmental decisions in SD dilemmas show stronger SC than students giving priority to economic reasons. When environmental, economic and social dimensions are introduced separately, social aspects are given the highest priority by the students. In contrast, environmental aspects are up-graded when the dimensions are introduced in an integrated manner. However, different dimensions are prioritized in different contexts. The study provides empirical support for using multiple contexts and including both harmonious and conflict-based perspectives on SD in education. It also contributes knowledge to the discussion about the implementation of ESD in Sweden in terms of outcomes among students.

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  • 21.
    Berglund, Teresa
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences (from 2013).
    Gericke, Niklas
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences (from 2013).
    Education for sustainable development: Student views on environmental, social and economic dimensions of sustainable development and their interrelationships2017Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Sustainable development (SD) isbased on the idea that environmental problems must be managed in relation to social and economic perspectives. The important role of education for a more sustainable future has been emphasized in transnational policy documents over the years (UNESCO 2006;2015). In education for sustainable development (ESD), an interdisciplinary approach to SD can facilitate students’ understanding of its complexity (Gough 2002; Warburton 2003). This contribution aims to provide insight into young adults’ views of the relationships between dimensions of SD. 638 students in their final year of upper secondary schools across Sweden (age 18-19) responded to a Likert-scale questionnaire. The results indicate that economic perspectives are associated with great complexity and less recognized compared to social and environmental perspectives in SD (Author et al. 2014; 2015). The role of the economy has been discussed longtime, in relation to its impact on the environment and the development of the society (e.g. Daly 1990; Ekins 2000; Neumayer 2003; Hopwood et al. 2005; Costanza et al. 2014). It is argued that sustainability education should embrace critical and reflective perspectives, however few educational studies have focused on the role of the economy in SD. A study from Australia concludes that economic perspectives in sustainability education are largely missing and thus, the status quo is not being challenged (Dyment et al. 2015). To look deeper into students’ understanding of economic perspectives in SD, we performed an explorative cluster analysis (Author et al. submitted), based on student responses to items concerning the relationships between economic growth, economic development and SD. Four viewpoints emerged from the analysis, which we labeled into The un-differentiating positive, The nuanced ambivalent, The bilaterally convinced and The critical ones.

  • 22.
    Berglund, Teresa
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences (from 2013).
    Gericke, Niklas
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences (from 2013).
    Boeve-de Pauw, Jelle
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences (from 2013). University of Antwerp, BEL.
    Olsson, Daniel
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences (from 2013).
    Chang, Tzuchau
    National Taiwan Normal University, TWN.
    A cross-cultural comparative study of sustainability consciousness between students in Taiwan and Sweden2019In: Environment, Development and Sustainability, ISSN 1387-585X, E-ISSN 1573-2975, Vol. 22, no 7, p. 6287-6313Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Education for sustainable development (ESD) is promoted as one important component in the endeavor toward sustainable development. Goal 4 in the Sustainable Development Goals (UN in Sustainable development goals—17 goals to transform our world, 2017) in particular targets the role of ESD in this respect. The importance of cultural specificity in ESD is emphasized in numerous international policy documents, but there are few cross-cultural studies that focus on the broad context of sustainable development and ESD. The current study investigates the sustainability consciousness of grade 12 students (age 18–19) in Taiwan (N = 617) and Sweden (N = 583) and discusses the implications for ESD policy and practice. The findings indicate that significant differences exist between the two samples, both with respect to their sustainability consciousness and within the three sub-constructs of knowingness, attitudes and self-reported behaviors. The differences are considered in light of the cultural value orientations of the East Asian and Western European regions. Implications for ESD are discussed from the perspective of cultural specificity.

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    Berglund_et_al_A cross-cultural comparative study of sustainability consciousness between students in Taiwan and Sweden
  • 23.
    Bergman, Eva
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Biology.
    Nyberg, Lars
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Centre for Climate and Safety.
    Bladh, Gabriel
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Geography and Tourism. Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Centre for the Studies of Social Sciences Didactics.
    Brandin, Elisabeth
    Laskerudsprojektet -helhetssyn på restaureringsarbete i skogslandskapet2005Report (Refereed)
  • 24.
    Bergman, Sandra
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences.
    Är människor också djur?: Djurvälfärd betraktat från två olika ideologiska perspektiv2014Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 180 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Djurhållning inom livsmedelsindustrin är ett stort problem, både ur miljösynpunkt men även när det kommer till djurvälfärd. I den här studien undersöks hur ekologisk djurhållning och djurrättsaktivism kan fungera tillsammans för att nå en god djurvälfärd utifrån de ideologier som ligger till grund för dessa inriktningar. För att ta reda på detta valdes två organisationer ut för att representera vardera sida, KRAV och Djurens Rätt, och sedan identifierades de bakomliggande ideologierna. Det utvalda materialet, som består av publikationer från respektive organisation, bearbetades med hjälp av en diskursanalys, som ger utrymme för egna tolkningar och reflektioner. Målet för studien har inte varit att nå en definitiv sanning, utan att presentera nya synsätt och bidra med nya perspektiv i frågan. I diskussionen framkommer att det är antropocentriska ideologier somligger till grund för KRAV och icke-antropocentriska ideologier som ligger bakom Djurens Rätt. Dessa kombineras sedan med ett feministiskt perspektiv för att utveckla diskussionen ytterligare. Slutsatser som dras är att KRAV och Djurens Rätt strävar efter samma sak, nämligen en god djurvälfärd, problematiken ligger i de bakomliggande ideologierna. En icke-antropocentrisk ideologi kan inte godta att djur dödas för mänskliga syften, men enligt antropocentrismen finns djuren till för människans nytta och rättfärdigar detta, vilket starkt antyder att de inte kan kombineras. Genom att lägga till det feministiska perspektivet finns dock möjligheten att sträva efter samexistens, där djur och människor lever jämte varandra på samma villkor. Det är inte en lösning, men det kan öppna upp för nya sätt att betrakta hur människor kan göra djurvälfärd till en naturlig del av att vara vid liv.

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  • 25.
    Bergström, Andreas
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013).
    Mesakalk – ett miljövänligt material eller skadligt avfall?2016Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Sweden is experiencing major problems with the management of waste from nearly every industry within the country. There is I big waste of waste materials which are placed in landfill when they have potential of being reused. Landfills usually leach contaminated water leading to the contamination of soils and watercourses. Lime mud from the paper industry is currently at 133 000 tones. The purpose of this paper is to study the Sweden’s environmental legislation to see if it has flaws that may explain why the lime mud is not re-used even though it may have potentially useful properties. The result is based on an analysis of documents of legal provisions and completed schemes interpreted against the mesa content. The answer is that the law is neither an obstacle and opportunities and it is not possible to provide for law neither promotes nor prevents lime reuse. It is also clear that there is little research on the environmental gains and losses that would arise if the mesa came in contact with nature. What is clear is that there is an unclear division of responsibilities between authorities regarding Environmental Protection Agency and the County administrative boards of Sweden that might complicate the reuse of lime mud.

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    Mesakalk – ett miljövänligt material eller skadligt avfall?
  • 26.
    Bhowmik, Avit Kumar
    University of Koblenz-Landau, Germany.
    Industries' Location as Jeopardy for Sustainable Urban Development in Asia: A Review of the Bangladesh Leather Processing Industry Relocation Plan2013In: Environment and Urbanization Asia, ISSN 0975-4253, 0976-3546, Vol. 4, p. 93-119Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The article reviews the Bangladesh leather processing industries’ relocation plan by applying the Social Theories of the City and the three environmental economics theories—Willingness to Pay, Pigovian Tax and Hedonic Pricing Method on the data collected by a questionnaire survey among the industries’ owners and from the original project documents. Results prove the strong unwillingness of leather industries’ owners to relocate and pay for relocation, failure at imposing Pigovian tax and the high hedonic prices of the houses including threats to inhabitants’ health in the redeveloped residential area. In addition to high subsidy and compensation, historic growth trends and potential risks of flood and surface water resource pollution of Dhaka defy sustainability issues. Considering three consecutive failures to meet the relocation deadlines, these results claim that redeveloping an environment friendly leather processing zone at the present location will ensure sustainable urban development.

  • 27.
    Bhowmik, Avit Kumar
    et al.
    University of Koblenz-Landau, Germany .
    Cabral, Pedro
    Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal.
    Cyclone Sidr Impacts on the Sundarbans Floristic Diversity2013In: Earth Science Research, ISSN 1927-0542, E-ISSN 1927-0550, Vol. 2, p. 1-18Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The Sundarbans - the world’s largest single block of tidal halophytic mangrove forest situated at the southwest of Bangladesh, plays a vital role in maintaining environmental sustainability of the country and the world in general. This study identified and quantified the extent and degree of damage caused to the floristic diversity of the Sundarbans by the tropical cyclone Sidr in 15 November 2007. It also quantified the extent and rate of the post-cyclone regeneration in the damaged flora. Unsupervised classification - ISODATA and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) were carried out over a temporal series of 2007-2010 on four Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM +) images for the months of February. Land change analysis from the classification results show that three important floristic taxa - Heritiera fomes (Sundari), Excoecaria agallocha (Gewa) and Sonneratia apetala (Kewra) have been significantly affected by the cyclone. NDVI analysis indicates that 45% area of the Bangladesh’s part of the Sundarbans (approximately 2500 sq.km) was affected due to the cyclone action. Results further indicated that the average rate of post-cyclone floristic growth in 2009-2010 is four times higher than the average rate in 2008-2009. Thus the study identified a temporary loss of the diversity (in terms of relative abundance) in the affected three floristic taxa of the Sundarbans after that severe exogenous perturbation; which took three years to regenerate. Moreover, it showed the higher efficiency and promptness of remote sensing techniques in similar cases than the ground data based studies.

  • 28.
    Bhowmik, Avit Kumar
    et al.
    Univ Koblenz Landau, Germany.
    Costa, Ana Cristina
    University Nova Lisboa, Portugal.
    Representativeness impacts on accuracy and precision of climate spatial interpolation in data-scarce regions2014In: Meteorological Applications, ISSN 1350-4827, E-ISSN 1469-8080, Vol. 22, p. 368-377Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Data scarcity is a major scientific challenge for accuracy and precision of the spatial interpolation of climatic fields, especially in climate-stressed developing countries. Methodologies have been suggested for coping with data scarcity but data have rarely been checked for their representativeness of corresponding climatic fields. This study proved that satisfactory accuracy and precision can be ensured in spatial interpolation if data are satisfactorily representative of corresponding climatic fields despite their scarcity. The influence of number and representativeness of climate data on accuracy and precision of their spatial interpolation has been investigated and compared. Two precipitation and temperature indices were computed for a long time series in Bangladesh, which is a data-scarce region. The representativeness was quantified by dispersion in the data and the accuracy and precision of spatial interpolation were computed by four commonly used error statistics derived through cross-validation. The precipitation data showed very little and sometimes null representativeness whereas the temperature data showed very high representativeness of the corresponding fields. Consequently, precipitation data denoted scarcity but the temperature data denoted sufficiency regarding the required number of data for ensuring satisfactory accuracy and precision for spatial interpolation. It was also found that with the available data, accurate and precise precipitation surfaces can be produced only for representative synoptic spatial scales whereas such temperature surfaces can be generated for the regional scale of Bangladesh. It is highly recommended that the rain-gauge network of Bangladesh be increased or redistributed for computing representative regional precipitation surfaces.

  • 29.
    Bhowmik, Avit Kumar
    et al.
    University of Engineering and Technology, Bangladesh.
    Islam, M Samiul
    Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Bangladesh.
    Environmental concerns regarding Hazaribagh tannery area and present relocation scenario2009In: Nagar Shoilee / [ed] Roxana Hafiz, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology Dhaka , 2009, 4, p. 33-41Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 30.
    Bhowmik, Avit Kumar
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Political, Historical, Religious and Cultural Studies (from 2013). Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm SE-104 05, Sweden .
    McCaffrey, Mark S
    ECOS, UN Climate Change Community for Education, Communication and Outreach Stakeholders, Kisbagyon 3046, Hungary.
    Ruskey, Abigail M
    Management of Complex Systems, School of Engineering, University of California Merced, CA 95343, United States of America.
    Frischmann, Chad
    Project Drawdown, Sausalito, CA 94965, United States of America.
    Gaffney, Owen
    Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm SE-104 05, Sweden; Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, DE 14473, Potsdam, Germany.
    Powers of 10: Seeking ‘sweet spots’ for rapid climate and sustainability actions between individual and global scales2020In: Environmental Research Letters, E-ISSN 1748-9326, Vol. 15, no 9, article id 094011Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Achieving the goals of the Paris Agreement and related sustainability initiatives will require halving of global greenhouse gas emissions each decade from now on through to 2050, when net zero emissions should be achieved. To reach such significant reductions requires a rapid and strategic scaling of existing and emerging technologies and practices, coupled with economic and social transformations and novel governance solutions. Here we present a new ‘Powers of 10’ (P10) logarithmic framework and demonstrate its potential as a practical tool for decision makers and change agents at multiple scales to inform and catalyze engagement and actions, complementing and adding nuance to existing frameworks. P10 assists in identifying the suitable cohorts and cohort ranges for rapidly deploying climate and sustainability actions between a single individual and the globally projected ∌ 10 billion persons by 2050. Applying a robust dataset of climate solutions from Project Drawdown’s Plausible scenario that could cumulatively reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 1051 gigatons (Gt) against a reference scenario (2190 Gt) between 2020 and 2050, we seek to identify a ‘sweet spot’ where these climate and sustainability actions are suitably scaled. We suggest that prioritizing the analyzed climate actions between community and urban scales, where global and local converge, can help catalyze and enhance individual, household and local practices, and support national and international policies and finances for rapid sustainability transformations.

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    Bhowmik_et_al_2020
  • 31.
    Bianci Strømme, Christian
    et al.
    Høgskolen i Innlandet, NOR.
    Heldt Cassel, SusannaHögskolan Dalarna.Mitander, TomasKarlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Political, Historical, Religious and Cultural Studies (from 2013).
    Skogen som resurs i en gränsregion2020Collection (editor) (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Skogen har många värden och är en resurs för såväl skogsbruk, rekreation, friluftsliv och turism, som fäbodbruk och naturvård. Skogen kan vara en arena för ekonomisk utveckling, företagande och nya innovationer inom såväl skogs- och trävaruproduktion som inom tjänste- och upplevelsesektorn. Skogens ekosystem är hemvist för en mängd olika arter och har stora naturvärden som påverkar förutsättningarna för liv, på både global och lokal nivå. Skogen och skogslandskapet är också ett hem för många människor som lever och verkar på landsbygden och är en uppskattad plats för jakt, fiske och bärplockning. Många tillresta besökare uppskattar dessutom skogen som en plats för återhämtning och naturnära upplevelser och ser skogen som något exotiskt och attraktivt. För att belysa skogens olika värden och de olika synsätt som olika aktörer har på skogen som resurs, presenteras här ett antal forskningsbaserade texter från forskare inom olika ämnen inom både naturvetenskap och samhällsvetenskap. Skogen som resurs i en gränsregion är en antologi med bidrag från författare som medverkat i projektet Ingoskog - Innovation för grön omställning i skogen. 

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  • 32.
    Birgersson, Nina
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences.
    Det moderna risksamhället: En studie om klimatrisker inom kommunal krisberedskap2015Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Climate change is now a phenomenon we cannot ignore. It is happening here and now and there is more or less common scientific consensus that so is the case. With climate change come risks that are difficult to predict and to relate to and this affects the integration of these risks in the municipal emergency preparedness. The purpose of the study is to examine the factors that are affecting the integration of climate risks in the municipal emergency preparedness. The result is based on a number of interviews conducted with people working with municipal activities and a Municipal Council. The responses have been more or less clear that the largest factors affecting the integration of climate risks in the municipal emergency preparedness is scientific uncertainty and how this is mediated by international organizations, the fact that there is a common lack of knowledge about the effects that may arise from climate change and that there is also a lower awareness of many of the risks in general. In addition, different effects are differently prioritized which affects the integration of all risks associated with climate change. I have also conducted a document analysis to give further substance to the results I found.

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  • 33. Bishop, K.
    et al.
    Nyberg, Lars
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Centre for Climate and Safety.
    Moldan, F.
    Hultberg, H.
    The hydrochemical response of runoff episodes to an experimental reduction of acid deposition1995In: Ecosystem mani-pulation experiments: Scientific approaches, experimental designs and relevant re-sults., vol. 20, redaktörer: Jenkins A., Ferrier R. C. och Kirby C., pp. 119-128Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 34. Bishop, K.
    et al.
    Nyberg, Lars
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Centre for Climate and Safety.
    Stähli, M.
    Lindström, G.
    Mellander, P.-E.
    Ottosson Löfvenius, M.
    Tjäle och avrinning från boreal skogsmark - en studie inom Vindelns Försöksparker2000Report (Refereed)
  • 35. Bishop, K.H.
    et al.
    Hauhs, M.
    Nyberg, Lars
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Centre for Climate and Safety.
    Seibert, J.
    Moldan, F.
    Rodhe, A.
    Lange, H.
    Lischeid, G.
    The hydrology of the covered catchment: Water storage, flowpaths and residence times1998In: Experimental Reversal of Acid Rain Effects: the Gård-sjön Roof Project, redaktörer: Hultberg H. och Skeffington R, England: John Wiley & Sons Ltd , 1998Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 36.
    Björkholm, Ruth
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Political, Historical, Religious and Cultural Studies (from 2013).
    Historiska beslut, ojämlikhet och maktpositioner i klimatarbetet: Landsbygdskommuners möjligheter och hinder att bli fossilfria till senast år 20452020Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The essay is based on Sweden's climate policy framework where the following goals have been set: "by 2045, Sweden will have net zero carbon dioxide emission, in order to achieve negative emissions thereafter." (Naturvårdsverket 2019b). The countryside is the focus of the essay, where the relationship between city and countryside is described as well as attitudes and behaviors linked to climate change. The essay refers to historical decisions, inequalities and power, factors that shaped the rural areas and their conditions to work with climate mitigation and adaptation. Interviews with rural municipalities have been conducted, which aims to study the possibilities and barriers for the countryside to become fossil-free by the year 2045. A qualitative content analysis highlights the pros and cons of seven themes that affect the conditions both opportunities and obstacles in rural municipalities work to reach the target. To be able to discuss the topic more deeply, following theories are described; path dependency, ecological modernization, the risk society, political ecology and the center-/periphery theory. The essay discusses how cooperation can be affected by power and explains how the countryside is in lock-ups depending on historical decisions, which leads to obstacles in current and future work. It is also highlighted how important it is with a personal commitment when the rural municipalities work with climate mitigation and adaptation.

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    Historiska beslut, ojämlikhet och maktpositioner i klimatarbetet
  • 37.
    Björling, Maria
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences.
    Ny konsumtion av gamla kläder: – En studie om konsumenters miljömedvetenhet och motiv till att köpa second hand kläder på Myrorna2014Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The world’s consumption is increasing at an accelerating rate and it´s produced and consumed more goods and services than ever before. A large part of people's consumption consists of clothing that is bought and discarded increasingly leading to a number of environmental problems such as global warming, pollution, loss of biodiversity and the depletion of natural assets. One way to save the earth's resources is to buy used clothing, so called second hand, instead of new ones. The store chain “The Ants” (in Swedish “Myrorna”) has specializing in second-hand goods and sells, among other things, clothes. This study examined consumers' motive for shopping second-hand clothing on The Ants and examined whether this is related to consumers' environmental awareness and their choice to buy second hand clothes on The Ants. The shop staffs experience of the customer's environmental awareness was also examined. The methods that were chosen were surveys that The Ants customers filled out and interviews with store employees.

    The results showed that consumer´s motive to buy second-hand clothing on The Ants was mainly due to the cheap price and then because of their environmental awareness, customers were relatively environmentally aware and knew that the clothing industry contribute to environmental problems. The consumers felt that they received too little information about the problems and they would like to know more. The result also showed that consumers don´t act according to this awareness as very few of them asked questions to the staff about their clothing production or work with sustainable consumption and the environment. The Ants shop staff experienced the same thing since they rarely or never received any questions from customers about clothing and its environmental problems. Customers also bought more new clothes than second-hand clothing.

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  • 38.
    Björnegran, Amalia
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013).
    Green Forum: Aktiva Gröna partier och grönt politiskt inflytande i Afrika2013Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 39.
    Bohlin, Anna-Karin
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013).
    Mulleskola i kommunala förskolor: Naturen som lekplats2013Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 40.
    Boll, Ragnar
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences.
    Cykeltrafiken i Karlstad: En studie om vad som påverkar valet att cykla2012Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Karlstad municipality has in their transport strategy set targets which aims to increase the number of bicycle trip within the city. When used the bicycle emits either greenhouse gases or pollutants. Everyday decisions to take the bike to work for example can lead to reduction of carbon dioxide emissions, cycling can thus contribute to the meeting of important environmental objectives. Cycling promotes health. The World Health Organization’s (WHO) recommended daily ration of 30 minutes of physical activity can readily be performed on a bicycle. Bicycle traffic volumes are affected by physical conditions, psychological factors and political policies.

     

    The purpose of this investigation is to determine which factors affect bicycle traffic in Karlstad. How do these factors influence Karlstad inhabitants choice and motivation to ride their bicycles, and which of these factors can be influenced? To obtain a basis for analysis a survey among 50 inhabitants of Karlstad was conducted. From the responses given to the open and closed questions, it appeared that what influences the inhabitants of Karlstad´s choice to cycle were in tune with previous theories and research.

     

    The primary motive of the inhabitants of Karlstad for cycling appeared to be exercise. The main reason for choosing a different mean of transportation is long distances. This survey suggests that the measures associated with enhancement of bicycle transport infrastructure are most in demand. By making it easier for Karlstad locals to get around by bike, bicycle traffic can be increased. 

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    Cykeltrafiken i Karlstad
  • 41.
    Bolstad, Martin
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Engineering and Chemical Sciences (from 2013).
    Slam och aska från pappersbruk för återföring till skogen, nyttigt eller skadligt?,: XRF-analys av grundämnena i slam och askprover för återföring till skog.2021Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    During deforestation, some of the nutrients used by the trees during the growth period are removed from the soil and not returned. This can lead to poorer content of nutrients in the soil and lower Ph, which leads to poorer growth for the trees.  

    The Swedish Forest Agency recommends various measures to counteract this and one of the measures is ash recycling, which there are certain guidelines for, what the concentration of elements should be for this to be considered positive for the forest.  

    A research project has been conducted since 2018 to return sludge and ash from paper mills to the forest by introducing it into plants to be planted in the forest. This in the form of hardened products such as pellets or powders. 

    This report mainly focuses on checking different ashes, sludge and hardened products such as biochar to compare with the guideline values for ash recycling that the Swedish Forest Agency has set.  

    In addition, this report highlights some harmful substances that may have been present in too high concentrations. 

    This is done by drying and grinding samples from hydrochar, pyrochar, peat soil, pyrolyzed wood chips, bioashes, mixed sludge and biosludge. These powdered samples are then run in an XRF analysis to obtain concentrations of different elements for the samples for a maximum dry content. 

    The sludge was found to contain lower concentrations of the useful and dangerous substances than the ashes, and from a nutritional point of view, pure ash recycling would be better. But with pure ash recycling, there is a greater risk of getting a higher concentration of toxic substances such as vanadium and nickel. 

    The results show hazardous elements such as nickel, chromium, cobalt, sulfur and vanadium measured in excessive doses. These occur mainly in the ash samples. A mixture of ash with a proportion of sludge should create good conditions for increased nutrition with little risk of harmful elements. As a suggestion, this report shows that a mixture of about 55% sludge and 45% ash should be suitable to avoid poisoning of especially nickel and vanadium. It turned out that the biochar from Heinola, Finland shows good results that increase growth through its high phosphorus value. Using the same process as the Heinola samples for proposed biochar should be preferred.

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  • 42.
    Boström, Filip
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Political, Historical, Religious and Cultural Studies (from 2013).
    Miljögifter och allmänhetens riskperception: Skillnader i allmänhetens riskperception och subjektiva kunskaper om miljögifter2021Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 180 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    More than 400 million tons of industrial chemicals are produced every year. Some of these chemicals are unintentionally released into the environment which leads to human exposure. The exposure to environmental toxins can have many different negative effects on human health, including disruption of the endocrine system, and causing allergic disorders and diseases to name a few. The perception of these risks varies between people, and there are a lot of factors affecting the risk perception itself. The purpose of this assignment is to study how differences in gender, age and education affects the risk perception and subjective knowledge of environmental toxins. To answer this question, a survey was conducted and the answers between the genders, age groups and education levels was compared using descriptive statistics. The results indicate that knowledge about environmental toxins is low. Women, elderly, and those with a higher level of education considered themselves to have more subjective knowledge than their counterparts. The same groups also showed a higher risk perception as they viewed environmental toxins to cause more severe health effects, be more common in consumer products and cause more concern.

  • 43.
    Brattström, Sarah
    Karlstad University.
    Riskuppfattnig hos unga vuxna: En kvantitativ undersökning om riskuppfattningen mellan distinkta och diffusa risker och hur troligt det är att åtgärder vidtas2023Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    In today's society, risks can be found in various places and our response to these risks and accidents depends on our risk perception.The aim of this study was to examine how young adults risk perception looks regarding a distinct and a diffuse risk, as well as its variations based on age and the adoption of protective measures. The method used for this study is a qualitative method with a survey and descriptive statistics to analyse the answers. The survey was created in the program survey and report.The results showed that the survey was answered by 134 people with a variety in gender and age. Furthermore, the results revealed that the respondents perceived knowledge for climate change was larger than their perceived knowledge for wars. The results also showed that wars were perceived as more threatening, while climate change was considered as the most significant risk.The discussion highlights the appropriateness of the chosen research method, however more questions could have enhanced the analysis. It would have been interesting to combine a quantitative with a qualitative method and implement a few interviews. Based on the theory RPA the respondents were indifferent to climate change and responsive to war. Based on PTM it can also be understood that individuals who are responsive exhibit a strong motivation for protection and are likely to take protective measures, while those who are indifferent demonstrate a low motivation for protection and are unlikely to take action.

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  • 44.
    Brundin, Ebba
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Political, Historical, Religious and Cultural Studies (from 2013).
    Strategier i äldreomsorgen vid värmeböljor: En studie av två kommuners strategier att hantera värmens negativa effekter inom äldreomsorgen2022Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Even if emissions of pollutions would cease in the present, past-human activities would still affect the climate formany decades. Weather extremes, such as heat waves have become more frequent and intense since the 1950s.For a population that is not adapted to heat, rising temperatures can have major negative health effects, especiallyfor the elderly population. The purpose of the study is to investigate what strategies two of Värmland'smunicipalities implement to manage the negative effects of heat in the elderly care during the event of heat wavesand to examine the healthcare staff views heat waves as a risk in elderly care. Furthermore, the study aims toinvestigate, based on James Reson's barrier model The Swis cheese model, whether there are any strengths andweaknesses in each municipality's strategy and whether they constitute a sufficiently strong protection to dealwith the negative effects of heat among the elderly. The method was a mixed method, which involved acombination of both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Two semi-structured interviews were conductedwith managers and a medically responsible nurse and a questionnaire was sent out to staff close to care. Theinterview material was analyzed on the basis of a qualitative content analysis. The questionnaires were analyzedusing descriptive statistics. A document analysis was also made of the municipalities' data for strategies based ona qualitative content analysis. The study indicate that the municipalities have strategies for dealing with thenegative effects of heat in elderly care. Both strengths and weaknesses emerged in both municipalities' respectivestrategies. Reason's Swiss Cheese Model was useful in identifying strengths and weaknesses in the strategies. Thefour protective barriers that were identified were: education / knowledge, strategies, technology andcommunication. The most serious weakness were identified in the protective barrier communication.

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  • 45.
    Bryntesson, Emelie
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Political, Historical, Religious and Cultural Studies (from 2013).
    Skogsbranden i Västmanland 2014 - en inkluderande katastrofhantering?: En kvalitativ innehållsanalys om gruppers prioritering, social ojämlikhet och resursfördelning2023Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    A changing climate increases the risk of more frequent forest fires, forest fires that are predicted to be more intense than previously seen. This creates a need to have a functioning disaster management system when a forest fire occurs. Demands are also placed on leading actors to possess the knowledge and experience required to be able to handle an extensive forest fire. It also requires identifying and responding to the various needs that may arise in the event of a disaster, as well as giving all those affected the same opportunities and an equal distribution of resources.

     

    The purpose of this essay is to investigate how the distribution of resources looked between personnel, as well as investigate how exposed residents and forest owners were informed and taken care of during the forest fire. The method used for this study is a qualitative content analysis with an inductive approach, where two reports about the forest fire were analyzed. The result showed that there was a skewed distribution of resources between the firefighters and administrative staff, where the firefighters were allocated the most resources. The result also showed that the forest owners were well taken care of and given special information points, while exposed residents were exposed to unnecessary risks during the evacuations that took place. Residents who did not speak Swedish had access to information and support in some areas but were inadequate in other areas.

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  • 46.
    Brännström, Linn
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013).
    Klimatperspektivet i MKB för svenska väg- och järnvägsplaner: En studie gällande hur klimataspekten hanteras i rådande miljöbedömningar och hur hanteringen bör utvecklas till följd av nya EU-direktiv2018Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 300 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Sweden has prescribed national environmental targets which states that Sweden should not cause any greenhouse emissions by 2045. To achieve these goals, efforts are required from a variety of sectors. The environmental impact of the transport system is high, but therefore are the opportunities to reduce the total greenhouse gas emissions also great. A challenge to succeeding in this is to find completely new solutions while already god existing solutions needs to be streamlined and expanded. Sustainable social development can only be achieved through a holistic perspective. To reduce the anthropogenic impact on the climate and the environment, but also to adapt the urban environment to climate change, it is therefore important to integrate climate change into planned plans, programs and projects. Environmental impact Assessments (EIA) are statutory and methodological tools, suitable for this end goal. Thus, there is an opportunity to systematically integrate climate change into a variety of public and private projects, in the work towards a more sustainable society. However, until recently (2018) this has not been statutory, but the amendment of Directive (2011/92 / EU) to (2014/52 / EU) of the European Parliament and of the Council to on environmental assessments alters this. Now climate change is also required to be treated more clearly in environmental assessments.

    The Swedish Transport Administration oversees government infrastructure and therefore an important actor to direct the construction and infrastructure industry towards a more "emission-friendly" construction. The amendment to the EU directive places new demands on how the Swedish Transport Administration will need to address this environmental aspect in the future. The purpose of the thesis work was therefore to clarify the climate perspective in EIAs and the goal to give recommendations for how the Swedish Transport Administration should handle the climate aspect in EIAs for road and rail plans in order to comply with new EU directives. Three different case studies were conducted to partly investigate: If and how the Swedish Transport Administration deals with the climate aspect in their present EIAs; to investigate how other actors implement the climate aspect; to investigate how different guides suggest that the implementation should take place. I addition to the Case Studies a literature study was conducted to compile the research area on the weaknesses in the EIA-process, if E-LCA is a good tool to use in transport planning and what the challenges are to successfully integrate the climate aspect into EIAs.

    The new EU directive states that EIAs should address:

    • Mitigation of climate effects: i.e., investigation of expected greenhouse gas emissions as a result of the projects and how these can be reduced (so called environmental measures).
    • Climate adaption of the project: an assessment of how the project may be affected by future climate change and whether the project can be adapted accordingly.

    The result shows that only 20 % of the Swedish Transport Administrations randomly selected EIAs is addressing the climate aspect in a clear way, while 45 % addresses the climate aspect very little. Only 45 % of the Swedish Transport Administrations 20 randomly selected EIAs mention "Carbon dioxide/CO2" and only 40 % mention the keyword “greenhouse gas”. The recommendations that resulted from the results include: 

    • If the climate aspect is not recognized, a motivation should be given to this.
    • Report outcomes quantitatively. Reasonably in terms of CO2 equivalents (both positive and negative).
    • Clearer grounds for assessment. Proposed: Link the project to global, national and regional goals; Use functional units, such as CO2 Equal / Km Rail.
    • Clearer definitions and expressions.
    • Use an E-LCA perspective in the EIA and report system boundaries and life scenarios. (Highlight the content of a possible EPD more clearly).
    • Illustrate uncertainties with sensitivity analyzes and scenario analyzes.
    • Clarifying the link between climate change and climate adaption.
    • Introduce the climate aspect into an "own" section or under a section called "cumulative effects"
    • To support the process of introducing the climate aspect, a reference guide, like table 20 (see Case Study 3) can be designed.
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  • 47. Cafaro, Philip
    et al.
    Butler, Tom
    Crist, Eileen
    Cryer, Paul
    Dinerstein, Eric
    Kopnina, Helen
    Noss, Reed
    Piccolo, John
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences (from 2013).
    Taylor, Bron
    Vynne, Carly
    Washington, Haydn
    If we want a whole Earth, Nature Needs Half: a response to Buscher et al.2017In: Oryx, ISSN 0030-6053, E-ISSN 1365-3008, Vol. 51, no 3, p. 400-400Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 48.
    Calles, Olle
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Biology.
    Greenberg, Larry
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Biology.
    Nyberg, Lars
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Centre for Climate and Safety.
    Löwgren, Marianne
    Fiskvägar och flödesregimåtgärder i reglerade vatten:: Konsekvenser för vattendragets produktivitet och för samhällsnyttan2003Report (Refereed)
  • 49.
    Calles, Olle
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences.
    Gustafsson, Stina
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences.
    Olsson, Peter
    Länsstyrelsen Gävleborg.
    Gullberg, Karl
    Länsstyrelsen Gävleborg.
    Återställande av fiskvandring i Gästrikland: Fisksamhällen, kraftverk och åtgärders potential och kostnadseffektivitet i Gavleån2015Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Många vattendrag i Europa är påverkade av mänskliga aktiviteter som jordbruk, skogsbruk, vattenkraft och annan industriell verksamhet. Vattenkraftens effekter på vandrande fiskarter har varit kända sedan länge och man har arbetat med fiskvägar för uppströmspassage i flera hundra år. Ett problem som då inte beaktats är att fisken både måste ha tillgång till habitat för reproduktion och uppväxt, samt att de även måste kunna passera samma vandringshinder vid nedströmsvandringen. Modern rehabilitering av reglerade vattendrag beaktar dock både fiskens behov av fria vandringsvägar och tillgång på lämpligt habitat.

    Budgeten för åtgärdsarbetet är oftast begränsad och man behöver därför prioritera. Dessutom kan åtgärdsarbetet ta lång tid och det är därför angeläget att börja med de objekt som är speciellt angelägna. Det är inte alltid självklart hur en sådan prioritering skall ske och för att ordningen för åtgärdsarbetet ska vara tydlig och arbetet kunna utföras kostnadseffektivt kan det vara till stor hjälp att använda någon form av verktyg. Det är dock viktigt att välja rätt verktyg och vid valkriterierna bör man beakta hur verktyget värderar och prioriterar åtgärdsnyttan. Slutligen kommer ett sådant verktyg alltid vara en förenkling av verkligheten och man bör således låta det utgöra en del av ett beslutsunderlag som kompletteras med annan information.

    Gavleån ligger i Gästrikland och dess huvudfåra utgörs av en 30 km lång sträcka med 62 meters fallhöjd mellan Storsjön och mynningen i Bottenhavet. Det finns åtta kraftverk längs denna sträcka, men inga fiskpassager. Därför är i dag bara de nedersta 2 km av ån tillgängliga för fiskarter som vandrar upp från havet för reproduktion, tillväxt och övervintring. Större delen av strömsträckorna i Gavleåns huvudfåra är indämda av kraftverken och ån har länge ansetts ha låga naturvärden. I takt med att den allmänna miljömedvetenheten har ökat och ny lagstiftning som Ramdirektivet för vatten (2000/60/EG) och Ålförordningen (1100⁄2007⁄EC) har ställt högre krav på rehabilitering av påverkade vattendrag har dock även Gavleåns potential diskuterats. Till följd av detta har ägaren av de flesta kraftverken i Gavleån, Gävle Kraftvärme AB, tillsammans med Länsstyrelsen i Gävleborg, Gävle kommun och Naturskyddsföreningen beslutat att utreda åtgärdspotentialen för Gavleån inom ramen för projektet ”Återställande av fiskvandring i Gästrikland”. Utredningen består i en fiskeribiologisk och teknisk analys av problemen för migrationsberoende fauna och dess biologiska situation i dag, samt vilka mål som kan uppnås om de rätta åtgärderna tas. Grundläggande frågor som projektet försökt besvara är ”Vilka åtgärder behövs för att rehabilitera Gavleån för vandrande fiskarter, var gör åtgärder god naturvårdsnytta och kan kostnads- och energismarta lösningar implementeras som inte äventyrar vattenkraftsproduktionen?”

    Gavleån och dess biflödens morfologiska status och fisksamhällenas sammansättning har inventerats och redovisas i delrapporten ”Återställande av fiskvandring i Gästrikland - Fisksamhällen, habitattillgång och rehabiliteringspotential i Gavleån”. Innevarande rapport utgör den andra delrapporten och sätter resultaten från provfisken och biotopkarteringen i ett åtgärdssammanhang och värderar åtgärdsnyttan med hjälp av olika prioriteringsverktyg. Slutligen används detta underlag för att rekommendera åtgärdsprogram som syftar till att långsiktigt och hållbart förvalta Gavleåns värden från såväl biologiska, samhällsekonomiska, sociala och kulturella perspektiv utan att allvarligt försämra förutsättningen för vattenkraftproduktion vid åns kraftverk.

    I ett första steg har vi bedömt vilka möjligheter som finns till att återskapa uppströms- och nedströmspassage för fisk vid kraftverken. Dessutom har dagens habitattillgång utretts och potentialen för habitatrestaurering värderats. I nästa steg har resultaten från biotopkartering och provfisken använts för att med hjälp av modeller och prioriteringsverktyg analysera vilken effekt åtgärderna förväntas ha på fiskbestånden. Detta har först studerats för hela fisksamhället utifrån tillgång och lokalisering av strömmande habitat samt förekommande fiskarters vandringsbenägenhet, skyddsvärde och kraftverkens fallhöjd som ett grovt mått på åtgärdens komplexitet och därtill hörande åtgärdskostnad. Därefter har en liknande analys på åtgärdsnyttan genomförts för Gavleåns havsöringspopulation, där resultatet presenteras i form av förväntat antal återvändande havsöringhonor till de olika delsträckorna förutsatt att både uppströms- och nedströmspassage åtgärdas. Slutligen testades två scenarier grundat på dagens habitattillgång respektive motsvarande tillgång efter en omfattande habitatrestaurering.

    Prioriteringsverktygen och resultaten från provfisken och bitopkartering visar främst att åtgärdsnyttan för vandrande strömlevande fiskarter är störst vid kraftverken i Gavleåns nedre och övre delar, eftersom det är här det i dag finns skyddsvärda fiskarter samt kvarvarande strömmande habitat, som dock är i stort behov av biotopåterställning. Troligen har det historiskt sett aldrig funnits möjlighet till fiskvandring längre än till de första strida strömsträckorna med fallhöjd i nedre Gavleån för svagsimmande arter, och endast lax, havsöring, nejonöga och ål har nått längre i ån. Det finns inte belagt att lax eller havsöring nått högre upp i Gavleån än strax uppströms Mackmyra-området.

    I mitten av ån saknas i dag såväl strömmande habitat som skyddsvärda fiskarter. De historiska strömsträckorna är idag stort sett överdämda av dammar i denna del av Gavleån. Dessutom har kraftverken där störst fallhöjd och produktion, vilket i kombination med svårigheter att anlägga åtgärder gör att dessa får en låg prioritet. Vi har utifrån dessa resultat identifierat två prioriterade åtgärdspaket.

    Högst åtgärdsprioritet får Gavleåns nedre delar på sträckan från havet till Tolvfors kraftverk, dvs. återskapad uppströms- och nedströmspassage vid Strömsborgs och Strömdalens kraftverk. Åluppsamlingen av från havet uppvandrande ålyngel måste ske med bästa i dag tillgängliga teknik (BAT), vilket efter att fiskvägar anlagts vid Strömsborg och Strödalen lämpligen sker vid Tolvfors kraaftverk.

    Dessutom behövs habitatrestaurering längs hela sträckan inklusive torrfåran vid Tolvfors kraftverk. För att åtgärderna vid Strömsborgs och Strömdalens kraftverk ska få maximal effekt behöver ett omfattande återställningsarbete ske också av biflödet Kungsbäcken. Fokus för åtgärdsarbetet i detta område ligger på diadroma arter som vandrar upp i Gavleån från havet för reproduktion, födosök samt övervintring, t.ex. ål, lax, flodnejonöga, öring och sik.

    Näst högst åtgärdsprioritet får Gavleåns övre delar på sträckan från Åbyfors kraftverk till Storsjön, vilket innebär passagefrämjande åtgärder och habitatrestaurering vid dammen i norra fåran vid Hälleströmmens kraftverk och vid Forsbacka kraftverk. För att åtgärderna vid Hälleströmsdammen och Forsbacka kraftverk ska få maximal effekt behöver ett omfattande återställningsarbete ske av norra fåran vid Mackmyra (av vissa kallad Hälleströmmen) samt i Spikåsbäcken som mynnar nedströms Mackmyra kraftverk. Sannolikt behövs även en åtgärd för nedströmspassage från Hälleströmmens kraftverk till Hälleströmmen. Fokus för åtgärdsarbetet i detta område ligger på potamodroma arter som vandrar mellan Gavleån, Hälleströmmen och Spikåsbäcken, samt arter som vandrar till och från Storsjön, t.ex. ål, öring, lake, harr och gös. Speciellt högt prioriterad är den blankål som vandrar ut från Storsjön och som bör samlas in vid Forsbacka kraftverk för transport nedströms förbi de övriga sju kraftverken. Inga passagefrämjande åtgärder bedöms således i dag vara motiverade vid Tolvfors, Prästforsen, Åbyfors och Mackmyra kraftverk, medan endast en nedströmspassage behövs vid Hälleströmmens kraftverk.

    Arbetet att ta fram ett beslutsunderlag för åtgärdsarbete kan vara omfattande, men väger man denna kostnad mot kostnaderna för att genomföra åtgärder utan att veta om något åtgärdsbehov finns, hur åtgärderna bör utformas och var de ger störst nytta, är det välinvesterade pengar. I åtgärdsarbetet som helhet utgör kostnader för förstudie och uppföljning en liten andel, i synnerhet om man tar i beaktande kostnader för felaktigt utformade och placerade i åtgärder i avsaknad av beslutsunderlag. I framtiden kommer väl genomförda åtgärdsprojekt öka acceptansen både för naturvård och vattenkraft.

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  • 50.
    Calles, Olle
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Biology.
    Nyberg, Lars
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Centre for Climate and Safety.
    Greenberg, Larry
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Biology.
    Temporal and spatial variation in quality of hyporheic water in one unregulated and two regulated boreal rivers2007In: River Research and ApplicationsArticle in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This study describes the temporal and spatial variations in hyporheic water quality in three boreal rivers, the River Tobyälven, an unregulated river, the river Mangälven, a regulated river with a minimum discharge requirement and the river Järperudsälven, a

    regulated river without any minimum discharge requirements. A total of 43 permanent piezometers were used to measure dissolved oxygen (DO), temperature, electrical conductivity, pH, NO3 and NH4 in the hyporheic water at 150mm and 300mm depth, at monthly intervals from October 2001 to October 2002. Another seven piezometers were installed in brown trout redds and monitored during the incubation period, from December 2001 to April 2002. In the river Tobyälven, temporal patterns in hyporheic water chemistry correlated to variations in surface water chemistry and discharge. In the river Jäperudsälven, the hyporheic water chemistry did not correlate to discharge or surface water chemistry. In the river Mangälven, the water chemistry was dominated by releases from a large upstream lake, and there were weak correlations between surface water chemistry and

    hyporheic water chemistry at some sites. The incubation conditions for brown trout eggs were most favourable in the unregulated river, characterized by high DO levels that remained high throughout the incubation period. In the river Järperudsälven the DO

    levels were variable during spawning, and then gradually declined to critically low levels during incubation, whereas in the river Mangälven the DO conditions were intermediate and stable. Thus we observed a stronger coupling between surface water

    conditions and hyporheic conditions, i.e. vertical connectivity, in the unregulated river than in the regulated river with minimum flow requirements, which in turn was stronger than in the river without minimum flow requirements. Copyright # 2007 John

    Wiley & Sons, Ltd

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