Since the golden era of automata (17th and 18th centuries), the development of mechanical dolls served as a mean to understand how the human brain is able of coordinating multiple degrees of freedom in order to play musical instruments. A particular interest was given to wind instruments as a research approach since this requires the understanding of human breathing mechanisms. Nowadays, different kinds of automated machines and humanoid robots have been developed to play wind instruments. In this chapter, we will detail some issues related to the development of humanoid robots and the challenges in their design, control and system integration for playing wind instruments.