Populations of migratorysalmon and trout have worldwide shown a decline due to human activities. Overthe years numerous measures have been undertaken to maintain these populations,and conservation of migratory salmonids requiresunderstanding of their ecology at multiple scales, combined with assessinganthropogenic impacts. Theregulated River Klarälven and Lake Vänern host endemic populations oflandlocked Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brown trout (Salmo trutta). The historically high abundances of the salmonids in theRiver Klarälven in the early 1800s have decreased dramatically, reachingall-time lows after the completion of all nine Swedish hydroelectric powerstations in the 1960s. After an extensive stocking program and transportationof spawners past eight hydroelectric plants catches from commercial,maintenance and sport fishing have again increased. Recently, increases in theproportion of wild salmon returning to the River Klarälven have generated interestsin establishment of wild salmon inhabiting the entire River Klarälven, includingupstream of the Norwegian border. How well are we equipped to meet these newdreams, taking into account our limited knowledge of the species different lifestages, coordination between different actors involved in the conservationprocesses, and our skills to communicate and understand everybody’s role inthis conservation process?