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Swedish nurses’ perceptions of influencers on patient advocacy – a phenomenographic study
Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1192-9697
Karlskoga lasarett, Örebro läns landsting.
Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences. Karlskoga Hospital, Sweden.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1382-4386
Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences. Norway.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7082-6834
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2014 (English)In: Nursing Ethics, ISSN 0969-7330, E-ISSN 1477-0989, Vol. 21, no 6, p. 673-683Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Background: A limited number of studies have shown that patient advocacy can be influenced by both facilitators and barriers which can encourage and discourage nurses to act as patient advocates. Objective: This study’s aim was to describe Swedish nurses’ perceptions of influencers on patient advocacy.

Research design and context: Interviews with 18 registered nurses from different Swedish clinical contexts were analysed using the phenomenographic method.

Ethical considerations: Ethical revisions were made in accordance with national legislation and guidelines by committees for research ethics at Karlstad University. Findings: Three levels of hierarchically related influencers on patient advocacy were found in the descriptive categories. The fundamental influencer, the nurse’s character traits, was described in the perceptions that advocacy is influenced by nurse’s having a moral compass, having control over the care situation, being protective and feeling secure as a nurse. The second most vital influencer, the nurse’s bond with the patient, was expressed in the perceptions of knowing the patient and feeling empathy for the patient. The third level of influencers, the organisational conditions, was described in the perceptions that the organisational structures and organisational culture influence patient advocacy.

Discussion: The results correspond with findings from earlier research but add an understanding that influencers on patient advocacy exist at three hierarchically related levels. Conclusion: The nurse’s character traits are the fundamental influencer to patient advocacy, but in order to be comfortable and secure when advocating for patients, nurses also need to be familiar with both the patient and the situation. A supposition could be that all influencers interact, which needs to be further addressed in future studies.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Sage Publications, 2014. Vol. 21, no 6, p. 673-683
Keywords [en]
Nurse–patient relationship, nursing qualities, organisation, patient advocacy, phenomenography
National Category
Nursing
Research subject
Nursing Science
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-29346DOI: 10.1177/0969733013515488ISI: 000341857900006PubMedID: 24477259OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kau-29346DiVA, id: diva2:655050
Note

Ingick i Anna Josse Eklunds avhandlingen som manuskript med titeln The three levels of influencers of patient advocacy. Swedish registered nurses’ perceptions of influencers to patient advocacy- a phenomenographic study.

Available from: 2013-10-09 Created: 2013-10-09 Last updated: 2019-07-09Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Sjuksköterskor som patienters företrädare: Med huvudsakligt fokus på företrädarskap för äldre patienter i kommunal hälso- och sjukvård
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Sjuksköterskor som patienters företrädare: Med huvudsakligt fokus på företrädarskap för äldre patienter i kommunal hälso- och sjukvård
2013 (Swedish)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Alternative title[en]
Nurses as patient advocates : With the main focus on advocacy for older patients in community healthcare
Abstract [en]

The overall aim was to study nurses’ and managers’ attitudes towards micro social patient advocacy (I) and factors related to patient advocacy (II, III) with the main focus being on advocacy in the care of older patients in community health care together with psychometric testing of the instrument 'Attitudes toward Patient Advocacy Scale-Attitudes toward MIcrosocial Advocacy' (IV).

Methods: A quantiative cross-sectional study and a qualitative study were carried out. Nurses (n=207) and managers (n=23) in community health care responded to a questionnaire about patient advocacy, nursing competence, personal traits, quality of care and organisational climate (I, II, IV). Nurses' (n=18) perceptions of influencers of patient advocacy was studied in a phenomenographic study (III).

The results showed that nurses and managers reported positive attitudes to patient advocacy (I, II), especially for patients unable to speak for themselves (I). Two areas of nursing competence (Performing the nursing process, Supervision and cooperation) and a dimension of quality of care of older patients were positively associated with attitudes towards patient advocacy (II). Two organisational dimensions were, negatively (dynamism) respectively positively (playfulness), associated with attitudes towards patient advocacy. The nurses' perceptions of influencers of patient advocacy consist of three hierarchically related levels: The nurse's character traits, The nurse’s bond with the patient and The organisational conditions (III). The Swedish version of APAS-AMIA consists of 33 items in a four-factor structure (APAS-AMIA/SE): Support patients’ beliefs and decision-making, Safeguard patients' health care, Support patients to communicate their wishes and Respect patients’ wishes not to participate in decisions regarding care (IV).

Conclusions: Maintaining the continuing professional competence of nurses is important, and is ensuring the organisational prerequisites to enable nurses' advocacy for patients.

Abstract [sv]

Det övergripande syftet var att studera sjuksköterskors och chefers attityder till mikrosocialt företrädarskap för patienter (I), faktorer relaterade med företrädarskap (II, III) med huvudsakligt fokus på företrädarskap för äldre patienter inom kommunal hälso- och sjukvård samt psykometriskt testa instrumentet Attitudes toward Patient Advocacy Scale-Attitudes toward MIcrosocial Advocacy (IV).

Metod: En kvantitativ tvärsnittstudie och en kvalitativ studie genomfördes. Sjuksköterskor och chefer (n=230) i kommunal hälso-och sjukvård besvarade frågor om företrädarskap, yrkeskompetens, personlighet, vårdkvalitet och organisationsklimat (I, II, III). Sjuksköterskors (n=18) uppfattningar av vad som påverkar företrädarskap studerades i en fenomenografisk studie (III).

Resultat: Sjuksköterskor och chefer rapporterade positiva attityder till företrädarskap (I, II), framför allt för oförmögna patienter (I). Två områden av yrkeskompetens (Att utföra omvårdnadsprocessen, Arbetsledning och samarbete) liksom en dimension av kvalitet i vården av äldre var positivt associerade med attityder till företrädarskap (II). Två organisatoriska dimensioner var negativt (livfullhet) respektive positivt (lekfullhet) associerade med attityder till företrädarskap. Sjuksköterskors uppfattningar av vad som påverkar företrädarskap omfattar tre hierarkiskt relaterade nivåer: Sjuksköterskans karaktärsdrag, Sjuksköterskans förhållande till patienten och Arbetsplatsens beskaffenhet (III). Den svenska versionen av APAS-AMIA omfattar 33 påståenden i en fyrfaktorstruktur (APAS-AMIA/SE): Stödja patienternas önskemål och beslutsfattande, Värna om patienternas vård, Stödja patienterna att kommunicera sina önskemål och Respektera patienternas önskemål om att inte delta i beslut (IV).

Konklusioner: Sjuksköterskors yrkeskompetens bör upprätthållas för att de ska ha förutsättningar att företräda patienter. Det är viktigt att skapa organisatoriska förutsättningar för att sjuksköterskor ska kunna etablera en relation till patienten som underlag till företrädarskap.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Karlstad: Karlstads universitet, 2013. p. 89
Series
Karlstad University Studies, ISSN 1403-8099 ; 2013:2
Keywords
APAS-AMIA/SE, community care, instrument, patient advocacy, psychometrics, older patients, organisation, nursing competence, företrädarskap, omvårdnad, äldre, APAS-AMIA/SE, företrädarskap, kommunal hälso-och sjukvård, organisation, psykometri, sjuksköterskans yrkeskompetens, äldre patienter
National Category
Nursing
Research subject
Nursing Science
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-16127 (URN)978-91-7063-474-1 (ISBN)
Public defence
2013-03-01, Lagerlöfssalen 1A 305, Karlstads universitet, Karlstad, 10:00 (Swedish)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2013-02-07 Created: 2012-12-11 Last updated: 2019-07-09Bibliographically approved

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Eklund, Anna JosseSandin-Bojö, Ann-KristinWilde-Larsson, BodilPetzäll, Kerstin

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