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Migration patterns of blue tits (Parus caeruleus) at Hammarö Bird Observatory
Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences.
2007 (English)Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Magister), 20 points / 30 hpStudent thesisAlternative title
Migrationsmönster för blåmes (Parus caeruleus) vid Hammarö fågelstation (Swedish)
Abstract [en]

Animal migration is a well known natural phenomenon and bird migration is perhaps the most obvious type. In some bird populations all individuals migrate, while in others only a fraction of the population migrates. The blue tit is a partial migrant; i.e. some individuals in the population migrate while others are sedentary. Some years, large numbers of partial migrants leave their breeding grounds and appear as invasion species in other areas. Shortage of food and high population densities are suggested as two important releasing factors. Theory predicts that juvenile birds, especially females, should arrive earlier since they are smaller and therefore are forced to leave their birth areas first.

In this study, the migration of blue tits at Hammarö Bird Observatory in northern lake Vänern (HBO) was examined with respect to age and sex distribution. During the autumns of 1977-2005, a total number of 13 944 blue tits were caught and ringed at HBO. A large fraction of the caught blue tits were juveniles, of which female and non-sexed birds dominated. Juvenile males were the third largest group, whereas adults were only caught in small numbers. The period when most birds arrived was between 28th of September and 2nd of October, but juvenile females did not arrived significantly earlier. The median arrival date was the 2nd of October, and the mean arrival date was 30th of September. There was a trend of earlier arrival dates, which may be due to warmer spring climate leading to an earlier breeding start. Analyses showed that the proportion of juveniles increased significantly with mean arrival date and total number of birds caught. Comparison between HBO, Falsterbo and Ottenby showed that birds arrived significantly earlier at HBO. In 1990 and 2003 all bird observatories (HBO, Falsterbo, Ottenby and Jomfruland) captured more birds than respectively stations average and in 1995, 1998 and 2002 fewer birds than average were captured at all sites.

Abstract [sv]

Förekomsten av migration är vida känt i djurvärlden och fåglars flyttning är kanske den mest uppenbara typen. I vissa populationer flyttar alla fåglar, i andra flyttar ingen. Blåmesen tillämpar partiell migration, dvs. en del individer i populationen flyttar medan andra stannar. Vissa år lämnar partiellt flyttande fåglar fortplantningsområdet i stora antal och invaderar andra områden – dålig födotillgång och höga populationstätheter är två viktiga, utlösande faktorer.

I den här studien undersöktes successionen av flyttande blåmesar vid Hammarö fågelstation i norra delen av Vänern (HBO) med avseende på ålders- och könsfördelning. Under höstarna 1977-2005 fångades och ringmärktes totalt 13 944 blåmesar vid HBO. Den största delen av de fångade blåmesarna var ungfåglar, av vilka honor och obestämda fåglar dominerade. Juvenila hanar utgjorde den tredje största gruppen, medan de adulta fåglarna var få. Den period då de flesta fåglarna fångades var 28 september till 2 oktober. Mediandatum för fångst var 2 oktober, medan medeldatumet var 30 september. Tvärtemot förutsägelserna anlände inte juvenila honor signifikant tidigare än andra kategorier. Det finns en trend att fåglarna fångas allt tidigare på hösten, vilket kan vara ett resultat av ett varmare vårklimat med tidigarelagd häckning som följd. Regressioner visade att proportionen juvenila fåglar ökade signifikant med medelankomstdatum och med det totala antalet fångade fåglar. En jämförelse mellan HBO, Falsterbo och Ottenby visade att fåglarna anlände signifikant tidigare till HBO. 1990 och 2003 var de enda år då HBO, Falsterbo, Ottenby och Jomfruland fångade fler fåglar än respektive stations medelvärde. Åren 1995, 1998 och 2002 fångades färre fåglar än medelvärdet på samtliga stationer.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2007. , p. 11
Keywords [en]
Migration, Partial, Blue tits
Keywords [sv]
Migration, Partiell, Blåmes, Hammarö
National Category
Biological Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-565OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kau-565DiVA, id: diva2:6243
Presentation
2006-12-14
Uppsok
bio-/geovetenskap
Supervisors
Examiners
Available from: 2007-01-23 Created: 2007-01-23

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