Campos Sulinos grasslands have a long evolutionary history intertwined with fire and grazing: they are disturbance-dependent ecosystems. Disturbance, in this context, refers to events that remove plant biomass. In this chapter we explore the main types of disturbance, namely fire, grazing, and animal disturbance, and their influence on the vegetation composition, structure, and functioning of Campos Sulinos grasslands. Grasslands in the region can be classified into three major types: highland grassland, Pampa grasslands, and coastal grasslands, each with their specific environmental drivers and disturbance history. While disturbance in general is necessary for the maintenance of grasslands, different disturbance regimes result in different plant community structure and composition. High grazing level results in communities where prostrate species play an important role, while fire leads to dominance of tussock grasses. Intensity and frequency of disturbances drive species richness and community dynamics over space and time. A thorough understanding of the key drivers of change in subtropical and temperate grassland communities is critical to maintaining their high biodiversity and has practical implications for management and restoration.