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The influence of secondary solvents on the morphology of a spiro-MeOTAD hole transport layer for lead halide perovskite solar cells
Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, JPN.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3176-1876
Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, JPN.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9606-3521
Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, JPN.
Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, JPN.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7696-4901
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2018 (English)In: Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, ISSN 0022-3727, E-ISSN 1361-6463, Vol. 51, no 29, article id 294001Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

2,2 ',7,7 '-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenylamine)-9,9 '-spirobifluorene (spiro-MeOTAD) has been widely employed as a hole transport layer (HTL) in perovskite-based solar cells. Despite high efficiencies, issues have been reported regarding solution processed spiro-MeOTAD HTL such as pinholes and the strong dependence of electrical properties upon air exposure, which poses challenges for solar cell stability and reproducibility. In this work, we perform a systematic study to unravel the fundamental mechanisms for the generation of pinholes in solution-processed spiro-MeOTAD films. The formation of pinholes is closely related to the presence of small amounts of secondary solvents (e.g. H2O, 2-methyl-2-butene or amylene employed as a stabilizer, absorbed moisture from ambient, etc), which have low miscibility in the primary solvent generally used to dissolve spiro-MeOTAD (e.g. chlorobenzene). The above findings are not only applicable for spiro-MeOTAD (a small organic molecule), but also applicable to polystyrene (a polymer). The influence of secondary solvents in the primary solvents is the main cause for the generation of pinholes on film morphology. Our findings are of direct relevance for the reproducibility and stability in perovskite solar cells and can be extended to many other spin-coated or drop-casted thin films.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Institute of Physics (IOP), 2018. Vol. 51, no 29, article id 294001
Keywords [en]
organic film, perovskiste solar cell, hole transport layer, secondary solvent, pinhole
National Category
Materials Engineering
Research subject
Materials Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-83182DOI: 10.1088/1361-6463/aacb6eISI: 000436792900001OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kau-83182DiVA, id: diva2:1530229
Available from: 2021-02-22 Created: 2021-02-22 Last updated: 2021-03-03Bibliographically approved

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Hawash, Zafer

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Ono, Luis K.Hawash, ZaferQiu, LongbinJiang, YanQi, Yabing
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