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Evaluating 'Prefer not to say' Around Sensitive Disclosures
University College London, GBR; Northumbria University, GBR.
Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (from 2013).ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7384-4552
University College London, GBR.
Indiana University Bloomington, USA.
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2020 (English)In: Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings, Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), 2020Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

As people's offline and online lives become increasingly entwined, the sensitivity of personal information disclosed online is increasing. Disclosures often occur through structured disclosure fields (e.g., drop-down lists). Prior research suggests these fields may limit privacy, with non-disclosing users being presumed to be hiding undesirable information. We investigated this around HIV status disclosure in online dating apps used by men who have sex with men. Our online study asked participants (N=183) to rate profiles where HIV status was either disclosed or undisclosed. We tested three designs for displaying undisclosed fields. Visibility of undisclosed fields had a significant effect on the way profiles were rated, and other profile information (e.g., ethnicity) could affect inferences that develop around undisclosed information. Our research highlights complexities around designing for non-disclosure and questions the voluntary nature of these fields. Further work is outlined to ensure disclosure control is appropriately implemented around online sensitive information disclosures. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), 2020.
Keywords [en]
disclosure, non-disclosure, online dating, online privacy, prefer not to say, privacy, privacy unraveling, structured disclosure fields
National Category
Human Computer Interaction
Research subject
Computer Science
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-80110DOI: 10.1145/3313831.3376150Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85086822763ISBN: 978-1-4503-6708-0 (print)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kau-80110DiVA, id: diva2:1464823
Conference
CHI '20 Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Honolulu; United States; 25 April 2020 through 30 April 2020
Available from: 2020-09-08 Created: 2020-09-08 Last updated: 2023-06-21Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Homo Varius: Investigating Intrinsic and Extrinsic Determinants to Explain Online Privacy Decisions
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Homo Varius: Investigating Intrinsic and Extrinsic Determinants to Explain Online Privacy Decisions
2020 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

When people interact with others, they control how much personal information they reveal, and, hence, make decisions about their privacy. Similarly, in online settings, they decide how much personal information they expose. However, online, their decisions might have greater consequences because of the persistent nature of disclosed information and technological complexities. Hence, technologies should provide people with comprehensive knowledge, enabling informed choices, and reducing privacy risks. Nevertheless, little is known about the interplay of the different factors that influence people's privacy choices. Sometimes, people over-disclose their personal information despite their privacy concerns, presumably relying on fast thinking of homo heuristicus. Yet, it is common to expect that people's decisions should result in more "rational" outcomes; this may decrease privacy risks - here, bringing to the forefront thinking of homo economicus.  This thesis presents insights into the understanding of online privacy decisions. Through a series of studies, we investigate the many factors that influence privacy-related attitudes and behaviors. Our work examines the interaction of the intrinsic (e.g., personality) and extrinsic (e.g., visual design of a privacy interface) determinants of online choices (e.g., disclosure). Overall, we demonstrate the complexity of human decisions in the context of online privacy, suggesting that people's choices are context-dependent and the borders between decisions of the homo heuristicus and economicus are blurry. Thus, we conclude that it is homo varius that can make privacy-aware choices by switching between rational calculations and heuristical thinking, depending on the interplay of different intrinsic and extrinsic determinants. This work provides a knowledge base for future studies investigating privacy decisions. Further, it contributes insights for privacy practitioners (e.g., designers) that may help improve current privacy designs.

Abstract [en]

When people interact with others, they control how much personal information they reveal, and, hence, they decide about their privacy. Similarly, in online settings, they decide how much personal information they expose. Sometimes, people tend to over-disclose personal information despite their privacy concerns, exposing themselves to potential risks. Hence, technologies should ensure that people understand their actions' potential negative consequences and encourage them to act according to their beliefs. Building such technologies requires an in-depth understanding of the decision-making processes. This thesis investigates the many factors that influence such processes. Particularly, it examines the interaction of the intrinsic (e.g., personality) and extrinsic (e.g., visual design of a privacy interface) determinants of online choices (e.g., disclosure). Overall, this work demonstrates the complexity of online privacy decisions, suggesting that people's choices are context-dependent, and the borders between rational and heuristic thinking are blurry.  This work provides a knowledge base for future studies investigating privacy decisions. Further, it contributes insights for privacy practitioners (e.g., designers) that may improve current privacy designs.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Karlstad: Karlstads universitet, 2020. p. 48
Series
Karlstad University Studies, ISSN 1403-8099 ; 2020:29
Keywords
Privacy, Attitudes & Behavior, Decision-Making, HCI, GUI, Usability, Visual Design, Personality, Affect
National Category
Human Computer Interaction
Research subject
Computer Science
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-80111 (URN)978-91-7867-150-2 (ISBN)978-91-7867-149-6 (ISBN)
Public defence
2020-10-19, 21A342, Eva Eriksson, 13:30 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2020-10-02 Created: 2020-09-08 Last updated: 2020-11-04Bibliographically approved

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Kitkowska, Agnieszka

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