This book is an edited text of chapters, connected by a focus on contemporarydemocracy and on what challenges democracy in early childhood educationof today. Contemporary issues such as migration, refugees, changes in teacher education,early childhood regulations, transition and assessment expectations provideboth opportunities and challenges for early childhood education (ECE).Sociopolitical influences may mean that there can be a gap between democraticaspirations and experiences, including tension, dissent and power relations. Theseare challenges we are all aware of and often speak about as influencing implementationof democratic aims, children’s rights and agency espoused in curriculum andpolicy. As Peter Moss stresses in the foreword of this book, one of the main challengesto democracy is largely invisible and deals with political and economicregimes. From this view, the image of the child is a potential human capital, and theaim of ECE is to realise and fulfil sociopolitical ideas and images. A liberalistagenda manipulates the role of the ECE teachers from an adult focused on relationshipto a technical implementer of human capital development. Such challengesneed to be more visible.