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Conspecific boldness and predator species determine predation-risk consequences of prey personality
Lund University; Lewis and Clark Community College, USA.
Lund University.
Lund University; North Carolina State University, USA.
Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Environmental and Life Sciences (from 2013). Lund University.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3541-9835
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2018 (English)In: Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, ISSN 0340-5443, E-ISSN 1432-0762, Vol. 72, no 8, p. 1-7, article id 133Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Abstract: Individual variation in the behavior of prey can influence predation risk in complex ways. We ran individual roach (Rutilus rutilus), a common freshwater fish, through a standard refuge emergence protocol to characterize their boldness, a key animal personality trait. We then paired a bold and a shy roach and exposed the pair to one of two predator species that have contrasting hunting modes to ascertain how personality traits shaped their survival during predator encounters. When a paired bold and shy prey fish interacted with a perch predator (active foraging mode), bold and shy prey were consumed in almost equal numbers. However, pike predators (ambush foraging mode) selectively consumed more shy prey, and prey body size and boldness score both contributed significantly to which prey fish was eaten. Our findings support the idea that multiple predators with different foraging modes, and hence differential selection on prey personality, could contribute to maintaining variation in personality in prey populations. Furthermore, for social species, including shoaling fish, the ultimate consequences of an individual’s personality may depend upon the personality of its nearby conspecifics. Significance statement: Animals of the same species often look similar, but individuals show differences in their behavior that can have important consequences, for instance when these individuals interact with predators. The common roach is a freshwater fish that shows inter-individual variation in its propensity to take risks, a key personality trait often termed boldness. Variation in boldness may affect the outcome when roach interact with predators, i.e., if they get eaten or survive. However, we found the impact of roachs’ personality type depends on what species of predatory fish they face. When we put a shy and a bold roach together with predatory perch, the roachs’ personality did not significantly affect which individual was eaten. But when the predator was a pike, the predators selectively ate more shy roach, and the likelihood an individual would be eaten depended on their body size.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer-Verlag New York, 2018. Vol. 72, no 8, p. 1-7, article id 133
Keywords [en]
Behavioral type, Boldness, Predator-prey interactions, Social context, Animalia, Rutilus rutilus
National Category
Biological Sciences
Research subject
Biology
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-69051DOI: 10.1007/s00265-018-2544-0ISI: 000439034800003Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85050141389OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kau-69051DiVA, id: diva2:1245588
Available from: 2018-09-05 Created: 2018-09-05 Last updated: 2019-11-11Bibliographically approved

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Nilsson, Per Anders

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