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Temporal Trends of Phthalate Exposures during 2007-2010 in Swedish Pregnant Women
Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013), Department of Health Sciences (from 2013).ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3395-2409
Lunds Universitet.
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, USA.
Lunds Universitet.
Show others and affiliations
2018 (English)In: Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology, ISSN 1559-0631, E-ISSN 1559-064X, Vol. 28, no 5, p. 437-447Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Background: The general population is exposed to phthalates, a group of chemicals with strong evidence for endocrine disrupting properties, commonly used in a large number of consumer products. Based on published research and evidence compiled by environmental agencies, certain phthalate applications and products have become restricted, leading to an increasing number of “new generation compounds” coming onto the market during recent years replacing older phthalates. Some examples of such newer compounds are di-iso-nonyl phthalate (DiNP), di-iso-decyl phthalate (DiDP), and most recently di-isononyl-cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate (DiNCH). Objectives: In order to evaluate temporal trends in phthalate exposure, first trimester urinary biomarkers of phthalates were measured in the Swedish SELMA study over a period of 2.5 years (2007–2010). Methods: We collected first morning void urine samples around week 10 of pregnancy from 1651 pregnant women. Spot samples were analyzed for 13 phthalate metabolites and one phthalate replacement and least square geometric mean (LSGM) levels of the metabolites were compared between the sampling years when adjusted for potential confounders. Results: All 14 metabolites were detectable in more than 99% of the SELMA subjects. The levels were generally comparable to other studies, but the SELMA subjects showed slightly higher exposure to butyl-benzyl phthalate (BBzP) and di-butyl phthalate (DBP). Di-ethyl-hexyl phthalate (DEHP) metabolites levels decreased while DiNP, DiDP/di-2-propylheptyl phthalate (DPHP), and DiNCH metabolites levels increased during the sampling period. Conclusions: Urinary metabolite levels of the older phthalates and more recently introduced phthalate replacement compound changed during the short sampling period in this Swedish pregnancy cohort. Our results indicate that replacement of phthalates can make an impact on human exposure to these chemicals. During this particularly vulnerable stage of life, phthalate exposures are of particular concern as the impacts, though not immediately noticeable, may increase the risk for health effects later in life.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Nature Publishing Group, 2018. Vol. 28, no 5, p. 437-447
Keywords [en]
DiNCH, Endocrine disrupting chemicals, Exposure, Phthalates, Pregnant, SELMA-Study, Temporal
National Category
Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology
Research subject
Public Health Science
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-62628DOI: 10.1038/s41370-018-0020-6ISI: 000444446100003Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85042354826OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kau-62628DiVA, id: diva2:1130757
Available from: 2017-08-11 Created: 2017-08-11 Last updated: 2019-09-26Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Phthalates: On the issue of sources, human uptake, time trends and health effects
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Phthalates: On the issue of sources, human uptake, time trends and health effects
2017 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Human health depends on a well-functioning endocrine system to regulate hormone release for normal bodily functions. Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) constitutes a group of chemicals, included in many commonly used products, (e.g., PVC flooring), with properties proven or suspected to interact with the natural hormone system in humans and animals. EDCs are manmade compounds (there are also natural compounds with such properties) that can bind to cell receptors and mimic or block the functions of natural hormones potentially resulting in adverse human health effects.

One type of widely concerning EDC is phthalates. Since phthalates create weak chemical bonds when they are added into different products, they readily leach into the surrounding environment. Phthalate metabolites can therefore be frequently measured in human biological samples. Major public health concerns regarding EDCs over the past three decades have focused on phthalates. According to the World Health Organization, EDCs are suspected to be associated with altered reproductive function in males and females, increased incidence of breast cancer, abnormal growth patterns and neurodevelopmental delays in children, as well as changes in immune function.

The thesis shows that PVC flooring in the home is a source for human uptake of phthalates, that replacement of phthalates in soft PVC products have an impact on human uptake of these chemicals, and that exposure for phthalates in early life increase the risk for airway disorders in children.

As we have shown, ongoing regulations on phthalates is of importance for human uptake. Ultimately, individuals can make small changes in their consumer product choices that can lead to changes in uptake of chemicals with endocrine disrupting properties. Philosophically, we all have a responsibility to protect future generations from dangerous chemicals.

Abstract [en]

Human health depends on a well-functioning endocrine system to regulate hormone release for normal bodily functions. Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) constitutes a group of chemicals, included in many commonly used products, (e.g., PVC flooring), with properties proven or suspected to interact with the natural hormone system in humans and animals.

One type of widely concerning EDC is phthalates. Since phthalates create weak chemical bonds when they are added into different products, they readily leach into the surrounding environment. Phthalate metabolites can therefore be frequently measured in human biological samples. Major public health concerns regarding EDCs over the past three decades have focused on phthalates resulting in implementation of regulations.

The thesis shows that PVC flooring in the home is a source for human uptake of phthalates, that replacement of phthalates in soft PVC products have an impact on human uptake of these chemicals, and that exposure for phthalates in early life increase the risk for airway disorders in children. This means that regulation and consumers’ product choices can lead to changes in uptake of EDCs of importance for human health. Philosophically, we all have a responsibility to protect future generations from dangerous chemicals.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Karlstads universitet, 2017. p. 61
Series
Karlstad University Studies, ISSN 1403-8099 ; 2017:30
Keywords
Phthalates, Asthma, Pregnant, Exposure, Endocrine disrupting chemicals, SELMA
National Category
Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology
Research subject
Public Health Science
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-62637 (URN)978-91-7063-806-0 (ISBN)978-91-7063-902-9 (ISBN)
Public defence
2017-09-29, 1B306 (Fryxellsalen), Universitetsgatan 2, Karlstad, 13:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Note

Paper 2 and 3 manuscript in thesis, now published.

Available from: 2017-09-08 Created: 2017-08-13 Last updated: 2019-06-17Bibliographically approved

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Shu, HuanNånberg, EewaKnutz, MalinBornehag, Carl-Gustaf

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