This study covers aspects of development with emphasis on improving the rural water situation. Water is fundamental for all life and plays a significant role in social, economic and environmental systems. Sustainable development of water resources must be based on the hydrological cycle and ensure distribution of water resources of sufficient quantity and quality for both present and future generations, without exceeding the environmental carrying capacity. This report examines whether decentralisation of Uganda’s water supply promotes sustainable development of water resources in Apac district in Uganda, where the field study was carried out. We conclude that the water availability along with existing techniques, and with the system of conditional grants for the water and sanitation sector, are sufficient. In spite of these facts, only 52 % of the rural population in Uganda have access to safe water and sanitation and more than 30 % of all water systems are non-functional, due to inadequate management and a water sector that is still under development. The Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Programme instituted by the government of Uganda, supports empowerment through local responsibility, participation and ownership, which is in line with the opinions and wishes of the local people in the field study area.