This study aims to assess and analyze the manner in which service innovation enables sustainablebusiness model (SBM) development through the integration of different business models to create andco-create value, which is embedded on social and environmental perspectives. The objective of thisstudy is to investigate in detail the employment of different business models over short or long periodsof time. This study is conducted by integrating these business models to co-create value within theservice system for an SBM development based on global business.This study will be explorative and built around four concepts, namely, service innovation, businessmodels, value co-creation, and sustainability. Business models and resource integration for sustainablepublic transport services allow us to extensively assess the drivers of change based on these concepts.This study will illustrate these concepts with three different PT cases from Gothenburg, Sweden; CapeTown, South Africa; and Hamburg, Germany. The focus is Volvo Bus Corporation, based on thesethree different case studies around the globe, to understand the service system and SBM development.This study reveals that service innovation is a method of building a coherent SBM embedded in socialand environmental contexts by integrating business models to create value. This revelation leads to anew understanding and strategies of the shift from and beyond providing buses but mobility byproviding services for new sustainable business models. This study does not design a new system butuses the influence of the demand for sustainable system, thereby contributing to the service researchand sustainability discussions.We believe that the study makes an original contribution to the literature on public transit by explicitlylinking the adoption of SBM and service innovation based on sustainability and resource integrationand value co-creation.

Future research in this area should focus on generalizing the present findingsby studying the development and integration of SBM thinking in other empirical settings andconceptualization.