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Publications (10 of 19) Show all publications
Gemser, G., Calabretta, G. & Karpen, I. O. (2024). Co-creating the future through design thinking: Deconstructing the consumer co-creation process. The Journal of product innovation management
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Co-creating the future through design thinking: Deconstructing the consumer co-creation process
2024 (English)In: The Journal of product innovation management, ISSN 0737-6782, E-ISSN 1540-5885Article in journal (Refereed) Epub ahead of print
Abstract [en]

Consumer co-creation, an approach in which consumers and organizations jointly innovate, can yield valuable knowledge about consumers' needs and how to satisfy these needs. Yet, innovating with consumers is challenging due to their varying levels of commitment, skills, and motivations. In this research, we focus on challenges we cluster as cognition- and affect-driven and examine how these challenges can be addressed using a design thinking approach. Building on the insights gained from interviews with key co-creation stakeholders (n = 73) and three focus groups with experts in design thinking and co-creation, we develop a grounded process model facilitating co-creation with consumers. More specifically, we distill three co-creation phases (labeled as co-creating context, content, and confluence), consisting of eight constituent activities and resulting dynamics that are cognitive or affective in nature. The distilled affective dynamics manifest in ideation confidence, empathy for diverse perspectives, pleasurable engagement, and being creatively inspired; the distilled cognitive dynamics manifest in an expanded knowledge base and an enhanced ability to analyze and evaluate information. Our grounded model is integrative and responds to calls to further examine affective influences within innovation and organization. Furthermore, our research advances the theoretical substance of design thinking by explaining underlying mechanisms at play that make design thinking an effective approach. Finally, our results add to the literature on consumer co-creation by developing a robust process model that leverages design thinking and adopts a multistakeholder approach to optimize consumer co-creation outcomes. In terms of managerial implications, our research presents a structured framework with phases and (micro)activities that will help organizations to actively involve consumers in their innovation process.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
John Wiley & Sons, 2024
Keywords
affect, cognition, consumer co-creation, design thinking, multistakeholder approach
National Category
Business Administration Design
Research subject
Business Administration
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-102519 (URN)10.1111/jpim.12770 (DOI)001370051300001 ()2-s2.0-85211156983 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2024-12-19 Created: 2024-12-19 Last updated: 2024-12-19Bibliographically approved
Altschwager, T., Conduit, J., Karpen, I. O. & Goodman, S. (2024). Event Engagement: Using Event Experiences to Build Brands. Australasian Marketing Journal, 32(1), 31-44
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Event Engagement: Using Event Experiences to Build Brands
2024 (English)In: Australasian Marketing Journal, ISSN 1441-3582, E-ISSN 1839-3349, Vol. 32, no 1, p. 31-44Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Companies invest considerably in event experiences; however, many are criticised for hosting events without understanding the full extent of their impact, or how to optimise their design. To benefit from event experiences, it is critical to consider not only how customers engage with the event, but also how event engagement transfers to engagement with the host brand to ultimately drive brand loyalty. This paper empirically explores the role of customer event engagement in facilitating brand engagement, within the context of branded marketing event experiences. Surveying attendees of such branded event experiences, six Australian wine brands, running 10 diverse events, agreed to collaborate in the research, yielding a total response of 274 participants. Results indicate that, for emotional, sensorial, pragmatic and relational experiences, event engagement fully mediates the relationship with customer brand engagement. Furthermore, it is the engagement with the host brand, rather than engagement with the event, that facilitates the effect on behavioural intentions of loyalty. These findings suggest that viewing engagement with a single focus (i.e., only event or only brand engagement) provides limited insight and does not uncover the true impact of event experiences; it is only through exploring the interrelationships between the engagement foci that we can truly understand how event experiences impact behavioural brand loyalty. This offers important managerial implications to facilitate engagement transfer (i.e., between event and brand), while drawing on associative network theory to explain how customer engagement spills over from the event to the brand and better account for the interdependence across engagement objects.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Sage Publications, 2024
Keywords
customer engagement, event engagement, brand engagement, branded marketing events, engagement transfer
National Category
Business Administration
Research subject
Business Administration
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-92316 (URN)10.1177/14413582221127317 (DOI)000868867000001 ()2-s2.0-85139929729 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2022-10-28 Created: 2022-10-28 Last updated: 2024-03-06Bibliographically approved
Baldassarre, B., Calabretta, G., Karpen, I. O., Bocken, N. & Hultink, E. J. (2024). Responsible Design Thinking for Sustainable Development: Critical Literature Review, New Conceptual Framework, and Research Agenda. Journal of Business Ethics
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Responsible Design Thinking for Sustainable Development: Critical Literature Review, New Conceptual Framework, and Research Agenda
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2024 (English)In: Journal of Business Ethics, ISSN 0167-4544, E-ISSN 1573-0697Article, review/survey (Refereed) Epub ahead of print
Abstract [en]

In the 1960s, influential thinkers defined design as a rational problem-solving approach to deal with the challenges of sustainable human development. In 2009, a design consultant and a business academic selected some of these ideas and successfully branded them with the term “design thinking.” As a result, design thinking has developed into a stream of innovation management research discussing how to innovate faster and better in competitive markets. This article aims to foster a reconsideration of the purposes of design thinking moving forward, in view of the sustainable development challenges intertwined with accelerating innovation in a perpetual economic growth paradigm. To this end, we use a problematization method to challenge innovation management research on design thinking. As part of this method, we first systematically collect and critically analyze the articles in this research stream. We uncover a prominent focus on economic impact, while social and environmental impacts remain largely neglected. To overcome this critical limitation, we integrate design thinking with responsible innovation theorizing. We develop a framework for responsible design thinking, explaining how to apply this approach beyond a private interest and competitive advantage logic, to address sustainable development challenges, such as climate change, resource depletion, poverty, and injustice. The framework contributes to strengthening the practical relevance of design thinking and its theoretical foundations. To catalyze this effort, we propose an agenda for future research. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer Science+Business Media B.V., 2024
Keywords
Design, Responsible innovation, Responsible business, Circular economy, Sustainable innovation, Sustainability
National Category
Design Business Administration
Research subject
Business Administration
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-98634 (URN)10.1007/s10551-023-05600-z (DOI)001155836800002 ()2-s2.0-85184238080 (Scopus ID)
Funder
EU, Horizon 2020, 730390
Available from: 2024-02-27 Created: 2024-02-27 Last updated: 2024-07-09Bibliographically approved
Becker, L., Karpen, I. O., Kleinaltenkamp, M., Jaakkola, E., Helkkula, A. & Nuutinen, M. (2023). Actor experience: Bridging individual and collective-level theorizing. Journal of Business Research, 158, Article ID 113658.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Actor experience: Bridging individual and collective-level theorizing
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2023 (English)In: Journal of Business Research, ISSN 0148-2963, E-ISSN 1873-7978, Vol. 158, article id 113658Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Many marketing phenomena involve a group’s collective experiences; however, marketing research largely focuses on an individual’s experiences. This research argues that individual-level theorizing alone is inadequate to capture collective experiences, such as how families, teams, or business customers experience good and/or services. This article thus aims to conceptualize actor experience as encompassing both individual and collective experiences. We draw on S-D logic and phenomenology to describe how experience emerges for individual and collective actors. We then demonstrate the application of our conceptualization by informing a central marketing notion: the determination of value. More specifically, we delineate two types of value determination, value experience and value attribution, and discuss how social interaction and institutional factors influence them. This study contributes to marketing literature with the conceptualization of actor experience that can be applied to the study of collective phenomena and to S-D logic metatheory by advancing the understanding of value determination.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2023
Keywords
Collective experience; Experience, Institutions, Phenomenology, Service-dominant logic, Value
National Category
Business Administration
Research subject
Business Administration
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-93088 (URN)10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.113658 (DOI)000990017000001 ()2-s2.0-85146090455 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2023-01-26 Created: 2023-01-26 Last updated: 2023-06-01Bibliographically approved
Karpen, I. O., Edvardsson, B., Tronvoll, B., Jaakkola, E. & Conduit, J. (2023). Circular service management: toward conceptual understanding and service research priorities for a more sustainable future. Journal of Service Management, 34(6), 50-69
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Circular service management: toward conceptual understanding and service research priorities for a more sustainable future
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2023 (English)In: Journal of Service Management, ISSN 1757-5818, E-ISSN 1757-5826, Vol. 34, no 6, p. 50-69Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Purpose: Service managers increasingly strive to achieve sustainability through strategies centered on circularity. With a focus on saving, extending and (re)generating resources and their enclosing service systems, circularity can contribute to environmental, social and financial gains. Yet, the notion of circularity is surprisingly understudied in service research. This article seeks to provide an initial conceptual understanding of circular service management, introducing illustrative strategies and research priorities for circular service management. This paper provides a roadmap for scholars, practitioners and policymakers to develop a deeper understanding of the opportunities from adopting circular services. Design/methodology/approach: The authors explore the concept of circular service management by drawing upon existing literature on sustainability, circularity and service research. Strategies of circular service management and research priorities emerge on the basis of industry best practice examples and research on sustainability challenges and opportunities. Findings: Service researchers have largely ignored the concept and role of circularity for service businesses. Extant research on the topic nearly exclusively features in non-service journals and/or does not seek to advance service theory through circularity. This article argues that circular service management enables the implementation of service thinking in the pursuit of sustainability and outlines four types of circular service management strategies. Originality/value: The authors introduce the concept of circular service management and highlight the role of service research for designing and managing circular systems and operations. This article also offers a research agenda connecting managerial challenges and opportunities with key service research priorities for circular service management. This provides a roadmap for scholars, practitioners and policymakers to develop a deeper understanding of pursuing circular services, thereby contributing to a more sustainable future. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2023
Keywords
Circular economy, Circular service management, Circularity, Research priorities, Sustainability
National Category
Business Administration
Research subject
Business Administration
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-97557 (URN)10.1108/JOSM-06-2023-0269 (DOI)001101235900001 ()2-s2.0-85175989891 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2023-11-28 Created: 2023-11-28 Last updated: 2023-12-21Bibliographically approved
Laud, G., Conduit, J. & Karpen, I. O. (2023). Member (co)creativity in open innovation communities. European Journal of Marketing, 57(8), 2021-2047
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Member (co)creativity in open innovation communities
2023 (English)In: European Journal of Marketing, ISSN 0309-0566, E-ISSN 1758-7123, Vol. 57, no 8, p. 2021-2047Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Purpose-Organizations increasingly seek to leverage open innovation (OI) communities to generate and advance novel ideas through collaborative innovation efforts of their members. However, success is far from guaranteed, as OI communities can only thrive depending on individual and collective member contributions. This study aims to examine individual and social determinants that encourage members to first generate novel ideas, then collaboratively advance these ideas through cocreation with other members, a process this study terms member "(co)creativity."

Design/methodology/approach-A survey design was used to collect data from 301 OI community members, which this study analyzed through component-based structural equation modeling using the partial least squares (PLS) method.

Findings-Drawing on componential theory of creativity and innovation, this study demonstrates the role of members' creative identity, creative self-efficacy and domain-relevant knowledge as determinants for their novel idea generation. While novel idea generation leads to members' participation in collaborative innovation, this relationship is partially mediated by members' willingness to cocreate in this process. This process is further conditioned by social determinants and leads to members' creative self-enrichment as a result of collaborating in OI communities.

Research limitations/implications-Taking a member perspective, this study advances marketing innovation theorizing by investigating critical determinants of effective OI communities, informing managers about success factors that promote collaborative innovation in OI communities.

Practical implications-This helps overcome rather reductionist innovation models and highlights interdependencies between the individual and social determinants from a theoretical perspective while helping managers better understand important OI member profiles and social aspects that can foster the success of OI communities.

Originality/value-To the best of the authors' knowledge, this study is the first to examine the notion of member (co)creativity in OI communities and its determinants for effective collaborative innovation. This study also demonstrates self-enrichment as an important outcome of (co)creativity.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2023
Keywords
Idea generation, (Co)creativity, Collaborative innovation, Cocreation, Open innovation
National Category
Business Administration
Research subject
Business Administration
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-94889 (URN)10.1108/EJM-07-2021-0519 (DOI)000980131000001 ()2-s2.0-85158856899 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2023-05-26 Created: 2023-05-26 Last updated: 2023-12-11Bibliographically approved
Nørfelt, A., Kock, F., Karpen, I. O. & Josiassen, A. (2023). Pleasure Through Pain: An Empirical Examination of Benign Masochism in Tourism. Journal of Travel Research, 62(2), 448-468
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Pleasure Through Pain: An Empirical Examination of Benign Masochism in Tourism
2023 (English)In: Journal of Travel Research, ISSN 0047-2875, E-ISSN 1552-6763, Vol. 62, no 2, p. 448-468Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Paradoxical at first sight, some tourists engage in activities involving negative emotions and even physical pain. Tourism scholars have begun investigating this phenomenon and have called for more of such research. Against this background, the authors introduce to tourism the notion of benign masochism, defining it as a trait describing a person's tendency to embrace and seek pleasure through safely playing with a stimulating level of physical pain and negative emotions. In doing so, the authors root benign masochism in the notion of play from evolutionary psychology and develop a benign masochism scale that is able to predict various tourism outcomes, including willingness to visit a haunted house, to go on a challenging adventure holiday, and to visit a nuclear disaster site. The authors conclude by discussing theoretical and managerial implications as well as limitations and future opportunities for research.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Sage Publications, 2023
Keywords
Benign masochism, play, dark tourism, adventure tourism, evolutionary psychology
National Category
Other Social Sciences not elsewhere specified Human Geography
Research subject
Business Administration
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-88755 (URN)10.1177/00472875211067550 (DOI)000751063900001 ()2-s2.0-85122911296 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2022-02-25 Created: 2022-02-25 Last updated: 2023-02-02Bibliographically approved
Kleinaltenkamp, M., Kleinaltenkamp, M. J. & Karpen, I. O. (2023). Resource entanglement and indeterminacy: Advancing the service-dominant logic through the philosophy of Karen Barad. Marketing Theory
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Resource entanglement and indeterminacy: Advancing the service-dominant logic through the philosophy of Karen Barad
2023 (English)In: Marketing Theory, ISSN 1470-5931, E-ISSN 1741-301XArticle in journal (Refereed) Epub ahead of print
Abstract [en]

Resources are central to value creation processes. Hence, marketing and service research rely heavily on conceptualisations of resources and resource integration for theory building efforts. One of the most widely accepted marketing lenses on resources and resource integration is the service-dominant (S-D) logic. Depicting resources as becoming and contextual, S-D logic argues that their usefulness co-depends on other resources. Some assumptions of S-D logic have been challenged particularly its dichotomous categorisation of operand and operant resources. To inform ongoing S-D logic theorising, our article problematises the multiple and contradictory ontological views upon resources and resource integration present within S-D logic. Moving beyond critique, we propose concrete means for reconciling these contradictions. Seeing a parallel between S-D logic's ontological inconsistencies and past ontological disagreements in the philosophy of science, we draw on the philosophical perspective of Karen Barad to develop a consistent onto-epistemological foundation for conceptualising the becoming nature of resources in S-D logic. The theory adaptation we perform enhances the applicability and explanatory capacity of S-D logic, while also offering a more robust and rigorous foundation for marketing and service research at large and giving managers new means to make sense of co-dependent resource phenomena.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Sage Publications, 2023
Keywords
entanglement, Karen Barad, ontology, resource integration, service-dominant logic
National Category
Business Administration
Research subject
Business Administration
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-97387 (URN)10.1177/14705931231207327 (DOI)001085728600001 ()2-s2.0-85174298388 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2023-11-15 Created: 2023-11-15 Last updated: 2023-11-27Bibliographically approved
Conduit, J., Karpen, I. O. & Willmott, T. (2023). User circularity practices: Adopting a user stewardship perspective for a circular economy. AMS Review, 13, 211-231
Open this publication in new window or tab >>User circularity practices: Adopting a user stewardship perspective for a circular economy
2023 (English)In: AMS Review, ISSN 1869-814X, Vol. 13, p. 211-231Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Humanity is depleting the planet’s natural resources at an unsustainable rate. The pursuit of a circular economy is a strong, viable means of reversing this trend; however, it will require users to take responsibility for the proper application and protection of resources for future generations. While the daily practices of users play a significant role in enabling a circular economy, this role has largely been overlooked in current literature. Our research synthesizes knowledge from the circular economy and marketing literatures, and draws on stewardship theory to better understand the user’s role in the circular economy. Specifically, we introduce a resource stewardship framework from a user perspective. This framework specifies a set of user circularity practices to minimize the extraction of finite resources, while conserving and regenerating resources already in circulation for future use. These practices occur at various stages in the resource life cycle and include minimizing the sourcing and use of finite resources, (re)designing products and services to use less resources, and optimizing the value potential from resources through extending their life cycle and recovering resources for future use. With this framework, we redefine the role of users as resource stewards and advance the rather narrow and fragmented considerations of user contributions to the circular economy, laying the foundation for more caring and responsible users and a future research agenda. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer, 2023
Keywords
Circular economy, Circularity practices, Resource stewards, Stewardship, User
National Category
Business Administration
Research subject
Business Administration; Business Administration
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-97470 (URN)10.1007/s13162-023-00262-6 (DOI)2-s2.0-85173634148 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2023-11-22 Created: 2023-11-22 Last updated: 2024-02-26Bibliographically approved
Kleinaltenkamp, M., Karpen, I. O. & Kleinaltenkamp, M. J. (2022). A sense-based perspective on market shaping: Theorizing strategies for the origination and propagation of new resource linkages. Industrial Marketing Management, 100, 145-156
Open this publication in new window or tab >>A sense-based perspective on market shaping: Theorizing strategies for the origination and propagation of new resource linkages
2022 (English)In: Industrial Marketing Management, ISSN 0019-8501, E-ISSN 1873-2062, Vol. 100, p. 145-156Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

“Market shaping”—the deliberate origination and propagation of valuable new resource linkages—describes how actors seek to steer markets into desirable directions. Yet, the exact nature of new resource linkages and how these emerge and disseminate remains unclear in extant literature. Addressing this gap, this research builds on the understanding that the meaning which market actors ascribe to resources defines their value as well as the potential for and the value of new resource linkages. From this lens, without a shaping of meaning, there is no shaping of markets. To advance market shaping research along these lines, we develop a novel sense-based perspective of sensemaking, sensegiving, and sensebreaking activities in the market shaping process that emphasizes embodiment, continuity, and temporal indivisibility and thus enhances the clarity and depth of market-shaping theory's central concepts. Moreover, drawing on recent organization theory literature, we delineate four generic sensegiving/sensebreaking strategies that market shapers may enact to originate and propagate new resource linkages: inspirational, expansive, authoritative and suppressive sensegiving/sensebreaking. By illuminating the four strategies' roles in this sense-based market shaping process, we provide new insights into how market shaping capabilities may become expressed in practice. We conclude by discussing managerial implications, limitations and future research.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2022
Keywords
Market shaping, Meaning, Resourceness, Sensebreaking, Sensegiving, Sensemaking
National Category
Economics and Business
Research subject
Business Administration
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-88920 (URN)10.1016/j.indmarman.2021.11.005 (DOI)2-s2.0-85120746922 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2022-03-02 Created: 2022-03-02 Last updated: 2022-07-07Bibliographically approved
Organisations
Identifiers
ORCID iD: ORCID iD iconorcid.org/0000-0003-0700-0495

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