As the adoption of Fifth Generation (5G) systems increases, efforts towards Sixth Generation (6G) systems have already started across research, standardization, and stakeholder fora. 6G is expected to support applications with immersive capabilities, with specific use case requirements from different verticals playing a critical role in solution development. Unlike current solutions in the education vertical that uses immersive technologies such as Augmented/Virtual/eXtended Reality (AR/VR/XR), which rely on pre-recorded content and  lack engagement, 6G can enhance remote education by enabling real-time, AR/VR/XR-enriched interactions among students and instructors. This paper presents ongoing activities within the 6G-PATH EU project, towards the design, implementation, and testing of a 6G use case for healthcare personnel remote education/training, which aims to facilitate real-time, AR/VR/XR-enhanced interactions among healthcare trainees and instructors.

Introduction

High professional competence (Cheetham& Chivers, 1998) of personnel in ambulance services is something that patients, relatives, and the ambulance organizations themselves expect. Prehospital advanced trauma care requires high levels of professional and clinical competence, with high stakes decisions and judgements often being made with limited information or in less than ideal conditions (Wilson et al., 2015). The importance of trauma specific training is well established by the proliferation of trauma care education programs eg. BTLS, ATLS, PHTLS. The perceptions of prehospital providers regarding the competencies required to adequality care for trauma patients has been questioned ie. whether students learning is correctly focused on the competencies required in practice. It has been argued that student perceptions of self-efficacy and competence can positively influence learning, leading to greater effectiveness of competency based assessments (van Dinther et al., 2014).

Aim

The aim is to describe the perceptions of South African paramedic and Swedish prehospital emergency nurse students towards competence in prehospital trauma care and compare their alignment to the Global Rating Scale and Ambulance Nurse Competence Scale instruments commonly used for competency based assessments. 

Method

The student will employ a cross sectional descriptive survey design with using an online questionnaire. Responses will be compared to validated instruments: the Global Rating Scale (Tavares et al, 2013) and the Ambulance Nurse Competence scale (Nilsson et al, 2022). The study populations consist of paramedic students from South Africa and prehospital emergency nurse students from Sweden. Analysis techniques will include descriptive and inferential methods.  

Result

The results may indicate that the differences between paramedics and nurses are not substantial, but they may also reveal specific distinctions. Furthermore, it can provide a greater understanding of students' perspectives on competency in the prehospital field, which both education programs can benefit from in terms of curriculum and didactic growth.

Prehospital användning av blodprodukter vid allvarliga trauman kan minska mortalitet och morbiditet. I olika länder och inom olika prehospitala system skiljer sig möjligheterna att administrera blodprodukter. Skillnaderna beror bland annat på resurser, personalens kompetens, risker, nytta samt varierande behov i olika miljöer.Syfte: Syftet med den preliminära litteraturöversikten var att studera prehospital administration av blodprodukter vid allvarliga trauman.Metod: Litteraturöversikt bedömdes som en lämplig metod för att samla kunskap om prehospital administrering av blodprodukter. Inklusionskriterier vid databassökningarna var att artiklar skulle ha prehospitalt fokus (militära och civila), omfatta administration av blodprodukter och traumatiska blödningar, vara publicerade år 2012 eller senare samt vara peer-reviewed. Litteraturöversikter exkluderades. Vid preliminära sökningar i databaser identifierades 509 unika artiklar.Resultat: Resultatet baserades på 10 artiklar från fem länder och omfattade militär och civil kontext. Artiklarna beskriver olika typer av allvarliga trauman där blodprodukter använts. Indikationer för att ge prehospitala blodprodukter var: påverkade vitalparametrar enskilt (n=8) eller kombinerat med bedömning av trauma (n=3), transporttid (n=1), shock index (n=1), laktat (n=1) eller ISS-score (n=1). Att ge blodprodukter prehospitalt var associerat med högre överlevnad men överlevnaden var också beroende av det prehospitala omhändertagandet, tidsfaktorer, typ av trauma och resurser. Konklusion: Prehospital administration av blodprodukter vid allvarliga trauman har potential att öka överlevnaden hos patienter. Genom en systematiskt genomförd litteraturöversikt kan tydligare kunskap framkomma. Argument för och emot prehospital användning av blodprodukter kan tydliggöras och litteraturöversikten kan bidra med underlag som tar hänsyn till alternativ, risker, nytta, kostnader, kompetens och tidsfaktorer för ambulansorganisationer som överväger att införa blodprodukter.