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Kitkowska, AgnieszkaORCID iD iconorcid.org/0000-0001-7384-4552
Publications (10 of 21) Show all publications
Kitkowska, A. & Ahlin, K. (2023). Improving Well-Being in Schools - Lessons Learned from IoT Experts. Studies in Health Technology and Informatics, 302, 666-670
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Improving Well-Being in Schools - Lessons Learned from IoT Experts
2023 (English)In: Studies in Health Technology and Informatics, ISSN 0926-9630, E-ISSN 1879-8365, Vol. 302, p. 666-670Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a source of knowledge about the surrounding environment and people in such an environment. The insights collected by IoT can provide the knowledge needed to improve people’s health and overall well-being. Schools are one environment where IoT is scarcely applied, yet, it is expected that this is where children and teenagers spend most of their time. Drawing on previous findings, this paper presents preliminary results from qualitative inquiry investigating how and what IoT-based solutions could support health and well-being in elementary educational settings.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
IOS Press, 2023
Keywords
Expert interviews, Health, IoT, User requirements, Well-being
National Category
Pedagogy Information Systems, Social aspects
Research subject
Computer Science
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-95223 (URN)10.3233/SHTI230232 (DOI)37203774 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85159759098 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2023-06-16 Created: 2023-06-16 Last updated: 2023-06-16Bibliographically approved
Kitkowska, A., Alaqra, A. S. & Wästlund, E. (2023). Lockdown locomotion: the fast-forwarding effects of technology use on digital well-being due to COVID-19 restrictions. Behavior and Information Technology
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Lockdown locomotion: the fast-forwarding effects of technology use on digital well-being due to COVID-19 restrictions
2023 (English)In: Behavior and Information Technology, ISSN 0144-929X, E-ISSN 1362-3001Article in journal (Refereed) Epub ahead of print
Abstract [en]

Increasing dependency on digital technologies introduces queries related to well-being–when and how digital technology poses a threat, or when it is the most appreciated by users? People have some expectations before using technology, which sometimes may be met, but there might be a mismatch at other times. Nevertheless, the digitalization of services advances and companies modify existing or produce new technologies that do not satisfy users' demands, putting their well-being at risk. Through an empirical inquiry, the present research explores experiences with technologies to shed more light on the main factors that enrich or diminish technology value and influence well-being. Exploiting the circumstances created by the COVID-19 pandemic that fast-forwarded technology use and development, an online inquiry was conducted to assess positive and negative experiences of technologies, focusing on the contexts of work, learning, entertainment, information-seeking, and health. The findings from 578 participants indicate that depending on the role of technologybeing a substitute for certain activities or an opportunity to perform them differently–consequences on well-being can more or less follow expectations. The results are discussed in the context of past research and practical implications for, e.g. technology design or managerial changes that could help overcome users' current challenges. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Taylor & Francis, 2023
Keywords
Engineering education, Digital technologies, Fast forwarding, Information seeking, Negative experiences, Online inquiry, Positive experiences, Technology development, Technology use, User demands, Well being, COVID-19
National Category
Human Computer Interaction
Research subject
Computer Science; Information Systems; Psychology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-94669 (URN)10.1080/0144929X.2023.2203268 (DOI)000971640300001 ()2-s2.0-85153409540 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2023-05-15 Created: 2023-05-15 Last updated: 2023-05-19Bibliographically approved
Kitkowska, A., Högberg, J. & Wästlund, E. (2022). Barriers to a Well-Functioning Digital Market: Exploring Dark Patterns and How to Overcome Them. In: Human-centricity in a Sustainable Digital Economy: . Paper presented at 55th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (pp. 4697-4706). University of Hawai'i at Manoa
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Barriers to a Well-Functioning Digital Market: Exploring Dark Patterns and How to Overcome Them
2022 (English)In: Human-centricity in a Sustainable Digital Economy, University of Hawai'i at Manoa , 2022, p. 4697-4706Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

In a well-functioning digital economy, consumers should be able to make autonomous and informed choices, and companies compete fairly. One of the barriers preventing such well-functioning is dark patterns—designs that mislead users into making specific purchase-related choices. In this research, through a qualitative inquiry (expert interviews), we classify dark patterns based on the harmful ways such designs affect the digital market. Moreover, we analyze data using the behavior change framework and illustrate ways to prevent dark patterns and grant consumers greater protection and autonomy. Our exploratory results outline potential solutions policymakers might apply to improve digital market well-functioning.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
University of Hawai'i at Manoa, 2022
National Category
Other Computer and Information Science
Research subject
Psychology; Computer Science
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-87985 (URN)978-0-9981331-5-7 (ISBN)
Conference
55th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences
Available from: 2022-01-04 Created: 2022-01-04 Last updated: 2022-04-14Bibliographically approved
Shulman, Y., Kitkowska, A. & Meyer, J. (2022). Informing Users: Effects of Notification Properties and User Characteristics on Sharing Attitudes. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 1-29
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Informing Users: Effects of Notification Properties and User Characteristics on Sharing Attitudes
2022 (English)In: International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, ISSN 1044-7318, E-ISSN 1532-7590, p. 1-29Article in journal (Refereed) Epub ahead of print
Abstract [en]

Information sharing on social networks is ubiquitous, intuitive, and occasionally accidental. However, people may be unaware of the potential negative consequences of disclosures, such as reputational damages. Yet, people use social networks to disclose information about themselves or others, advised only by their own experiences and the context-invariant informed consent mechanism. In two online experiments (N = 515 and N = 765), we investigated how to aid informed sharing decisions and associate them with the potential outcomes via notifications. Based on the measurements of sharing attitudes, our results showed that the effectiveness of informing the users via notifications may depend on the timing, content, and layout of the notifications, as well as on the users’ curiosity and rational cognitive style, motivating information processing. Furthermore, positive emotions may result in disregard of important information. We discuss the implications for user privacy and self-presentation. We provide recommendations on privacy-supporting system design and suggest directions for further research.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Taylor & Francis Group, 2022
National Category
Human Computer Interaction
Research subject
Computer Science
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-90951 (URN)10.1080/10447318.2022.2086592 (DOI)000817890000001 ()2-s2.0-85133028998 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2022-06-28 Created: 2022-06-28 Last updated: 2022-11-03Bibliographically approved
Kitkowska, A., Högberg, J. & Wästlund, E. (2022). Online Terms and Conditions: Improving User Engagement, Awareness, and Satisfaction through UI Design. In: Simone Barbosa; Cliff Lampe; Caroline Appert; David A. Shamma; Steven Drucker; Julie Williamson; Koji Yatani (Ed.), CHI '22: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Paper presented at CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI’22), April 29-May 5, 2022, New Orleans, LA, USA. (pp. 1-22). New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), Article ID 624.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Online Terms and Conditions: Improving User Engagement, Awareness, and Satisfaction through UI Design
2022 (English)In: CHI '22: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems / [ed] Simone Barbosa; Cliff Lampe; Caroline Appert; David A. Shamma; Steven Drucker; Julie Williamson; Koji Yatani, New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), 2022, p. 1-22, article id 624Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Too often, while interacting with online technologies, we blindly agree to services’ terms and conditions (T&Cs). We often disregard their content—believing it is not worth engaging with the long, hard-to-understand texts. The inconspicuous display of online T&Cs on the user interface (UI) adds to our lack of engagement. Nevertheless, certain information included in T&Cs could help usmake optimal decisions. In this replication research, we investigate this issue in the purchasing context. We confirm and extend previous fndings through an online experiment (N = 987), showing that diferently presented T&Cs (icons, scroll, and cost cue) compared to hyperlinked text affect whether people open them, becoming aware. We also show the efect of decision-making style on the relationship between awareness and satisfaction. We discuss the possible use of these fndings to improve users’ informed decisions. We also highlight problems that diferent designs may pose, potentially increasing the information gap between users and service providers.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), 2022
National Category
Human Computer Interaction Psychology
Research subject
Computer Science; Psychology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-89156 (URN)10.1145/3491102.3517720 (DOI)2-s2.0-85130528924 (Scopus ID)978-1-4503-9157-3 (ISBN)
Conference
CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI’22), April 29-May 5, 2022, New Orleans, LA, USA.
Available from: 2022-03-21 Created: 2022-03-21 Last updated: 2023-06-22Bibliographically approved
Alaqra, A. S. & Kitkowska, A. (2021). Impact of Intrinsic Factors and COVID-19 Pandemic on the Use of Technology. In: : . Paper presented at CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts (CHI '21 Extended Abstracts) (pp. 1-7). New York, NY, United States: Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Impact of Intrinsic Factors and COVID-19 Pandemic on the Use of Technology
2021 (English)Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

The unprecedented pandemic of the infectious coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is still ongoing. Considering the limitations and restrictions imposed by COVID-19, we explored the role of technology and the extent of usage by end-users. In our online survey, we investigated users’ perspectives on their use of technologies in different contexts (e.g., work, entertainment), taking into consideration intrinsic factors such as health consciousness, perceived social isolation, and pandemic-related concerns. Results from 218 respondents show a significant increase in technology use in all investigated contexts after the pandemic occurred. Moreover, the results suggest that different factors may contribute to such increases, depending on the context. It appears that perceived social isolation, concerns about the pandemic, and tracking have the most prominent influence on different use of technology. Furthermore, open-ended responses include beneficial opportunities, concerns & consequences, and behavioral transformations & adaptations due to COVID-19. Our findings provide insights for designing and developing new technologies, especially for communication and entertainment, to support users’ needs during a pandemic.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
New York, NY, United States: Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), 2021
Keywords
COVID-19 pandemic, technology use, intrinsic factors, behavior, attitude
National Category
Human Computer Interaction
Research subject
Information Systems; Computer Science
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-84289 (URN)10.1145/3411763.3451669 (DOI)000759178501151 ()2-s2.0-85105822639 (Scopus ID)
Conference
CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts (CHI '21 Extended Abstracts)
Available from: 2021-06-08 Created: 2021-06-08 Last updated: 2023-06-21Bibliographically approved
Kitkowska, A., Warner, M., Shulman, Y., Wästlund, E. & Martucci, L. (2020). Enhancing Privacy through the Visual Design of Privacy Notices: Exploring the Interplay of Curiosity, Control and Affe. In: Proceedings of the Sixteenth Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security (SOUPS 2020): . Paper presented at 16th Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security, SOUPS 2020; Virtual, Online; ; 10 August 2020 through 11 August 2020; (pp. 437-456).
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Enhancing Privacy through the Visual Design of Privacy Notices: Exploring the Interplay of Curiosity, Control and Affe
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2020 (English)In: Proceedings of the Sixteenth Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security (SOUPS 2020), 2020, p. 437-456Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

When people sign-up to new online services, privacy notices are the initial means by which data handling practices are communicated. Yet, their design seldom ensures users' privacy comprehension or provides people with privacy choices, resulting in negative feelings associated with the sign-up process. In this paper, we investigate how to improve privacy notice design to enhance privacy comprehension and control, while inducing more positive feelings towards these notices. In an online experiment (N=620), we examine the factors of curiosity, privacy concerns, trust, and time. We study how these factors and visual designs of notices (framing and control) influence privacy comprehension, intention to disclose, and affect (negative-positive). Our results show that, depending on an individual's level of curiosity, control can influence privacy comprehension, disclosure, and affect. We demonstrate that affect moderates the relationship between privacy concerns and disclosure. We elaborate on our results, highlighting how privacy notices that activate curiosity and provide control, could enhance usability and strengthen privacy-conscious behaviors.

Keywords
privacy, HCI, decision-making, attitudes, behaviors, emotions, affect
National Category
Human Computer Interaction
Research subject
Psychology; Mathematics; Computer Science
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-79314 (URN)10.5281/zenodo.3980478 (DOI)2-s2.0-85091858224 (Scopus ID)978-1-939133-16-8 (ISBN)
Conference
16th Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security, SOUPS 2020; Virtual, Online; ; 10 August 2020 through 11 August 2020;
Funder
EU, Horizon 2020, 675730
Available from: 2020-08-12 Created: 2020-08-12 Last updated: 2023-06-22Bibliographically approved
Warner, M., Kitkowska, A., Gibbs, J., Maester, J. F. & Blandford, A. (2020). Evaluating 'Prefer not to say' Around Sensitive Disclosures. In: Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings: . Paper presented at CHI '20 Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Honolulu; United States; 25 April 2020 through 30 April 2020. Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Evaluating 'Prefer not to say' Around Sensitive Disclosures
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2020 (English)In: Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings, Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), 2020Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

As people's offline and online lives become increasingly entwined, the sensitivity of personal information disclosed online is increasing. Disclosures often occur through structured disclosure fields (e.g., drop-down lists). Prior research suggests these fields may limit privacy, with non-disclosing users being presumed to be hiding undesirable information. We investigated this around HIV status disclosure in online dating apps used by men who have sex with men. Our online study asked participants (N=183) to rate profiles where HIV status was either disclosed or undisclosed. We tested three designs for displaying undisclosed fields. Visibility of undisclosed fields had a significant effect on the way profiles were rated, and other profile information (e.g., ethnicity) could affect inferences that develop around undisclosed information. Our research highlights complexities around designing for non-disclosure and questions the voluntary nature of these fields. Further work is outlined to ensure disclosure control is appropriately implemented around online sensitive information disclosures. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), 2020
Keywords
disclosure, non-disclosure, online dating, online privacy, prefer not to say, privacy, privacy unraveling, structured disclosure fields
National Category
Human Computer Interaction
Research subject
Computer Science
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-80110 (URN)10.1145/3313831.3376150 (DOI)2-s2.0-85086822763 (Scopus ID)978-1-4503-6708-0 (ISBN)
Conference
CHI '20 Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Honolulu; United States; 25 April 2020 through 30 April 2020
Available from: 2020-09-08 Created: 2020-09-08 Last updated: 2023-06-21Bibliographically approved
Kitkowska, A., Shulman, Y., Martucci, L. & Wästlund, E. (2020). Facilitating Privacy Attitudes & Behaviors with Affective Visual Design. In: ICT Systems Security and Privacy Protection. SEC 2020. IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology: . Paper presented at 35th International Conference on ICT Systems Security and Privacy Protection - IFIP SEC 2020, 21-23 September 2020 (pp. 109-123). Springer
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Facilitating Privacy Attitudes & Behaviors with Affective Visual Design
2020 (English)In: ICT Systems Security and Privacy Protection. SEC 2020. IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, Springer, 2020, p. 109-123Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

We all too often must consent to information collection at an early stage of digital interactions, during application sign-up. Paying low attention to privacy policies, we are rarely aware of processing practices. Drawing on multidisciplinary research, we postulate that privacy policies presenting information in a way that triggers affective responses, together with individual characteristics, may influence privacy attitudes. Through an online quasi-experiment (N=88), we investigate how affect, illustration type, personality, and privacy concerns may influence end-users' willingness to disclose information and privacy awareness. Our results partially confirm these assumptions. We found that the affect may have an impact on privacy awareness, and stable psychological factors may influence disclosures. We discuss the applicability of our findings in interface design and in future research.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer, 2020
National Category
Human Computer Interaction
Research subject
Computer Science; Psychology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-80098 (URN)10.1007/978-3-030-58201-2_8 (DOI)2-s2.0-85091841396 (Scopus ID)978-3-030-58200-5 (ISBN)
Conference
35th International Conference on ICT Systems Security and Privacy Protection - IFIP SEC 2020, 21-23 September 2020
Funder
EU, Horizon 2020, 675730
Available from: 2020-09-07 Created: 2020-09-07 Last updated: 2023-06-22Bibliographically approved
Kitkowska, A. (2020). Homo Varius: Investigating Intrinsic and Extrinsic Determinants to Explain Online Privacy Decisions. (Doctoral dissertation). Karlstad: Karlstads universitet
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Homo Varius: Investigating Intrinsic and Extrinsic Determinants to Explain Online Privacy Decisions
2020 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

When people interact with others, they control how much personal information they reveal, and, hence, make decisions about their privacy. Similarly, in online settings, they decide how much personal information they expose. However, online, their decisions might have greater consequences because of the persistent nature of disclosed information and technological complexities. Hence, technologies should provide people with comprehensive knowledge, enabling informed choices, and reducing privacy risks. Nevertheless, little is known about the interplay of the different factors that influence people's privacy choices. Sometimes, people over-disclose their personal information despite their privacy concerns, presumably relying on fast thinking of homo heuristicus. Yet, it is common to expect that people's decisions should result in more "rational" outcomes; this may decrease privacy risks - here, bringing to the forefront thinking of homo economicus.  This thesis presents insights into the understanding of online privacy decisions. Through a series of studies, we investigate the many factors that influence privacy-related attitudes and behaviors. Our work examines the interaction of the intrinsic (e.g., personality) and extrinsic (e.g., visual design of a privacy interface) determinants of online choices (e.g., disclosure). Overall, we demonstrate the complexity of human decisions in the context of online privacy, suggesting that people's choices are context-dependent and the borders between decisions of the homo heuristicus and economicus are blurry. Thus, we conclude that it is homo varius that can make privacy-aware choices by switching between rational calculations and heuristical thinking, depending on the interplay of different intrinsic and extrinsic determinants. This work provides a knowledge base for future studies investigating privacy decisions. Further, it contributes insights for privacy practitioners (e.g., designers) that may help improve current privacy designs.

Abstract [en]

When people interact with others, they control how much personal information they reveal, and, hence, they decide about their privacy. Similarly, in online settings, they decide how much personal information they expose. Sometimes, people tend to over-disclose personal information despite their privacy concerns, exposing themselves to potential risks. Hence, technologies should ensure that people understand their actions' potential negative consequences and encourage them to act according to their beliefs. Building such technologies requires an in-depth understanding of the decision-making processes. This thesis investigates the many factors that influence such processes. Particularly, it examines the interaction of the intrinsic (e.g., personality) and extrinsic (e.g., visual design of a privacy interface) determinants of online choices (e.g., disclosure). Overall, this work demonstrates the complexity of online privacy decisions, suggesting that people's choices are context-dependent, and the borders between rational and heuristic thinking are blurry.  This work provides a knowledge base for future studies investigating privacy decisions. Further, it contributes insights for privacy practitioners (e.g., designers) that may improve current privacy designs.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Karlstad: Karlstads universitet, 2020. p. 48
Series
Karlstad University Studies, ISSN 1403-8099 ; 2020:29
Keywords
Privacy, Attitudes & Behavior, Decision-Making, HCI, GUI, Usability, Visual Design, Personality, Affect
National Category
Human Computer Interaction
Research subject
Computer Science
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-80111 (URN)978-91-7867-150-2 (ISBN)978-91-7867-149-6 (ISBN)
Public defence
2020-10-19, 21A342, Eva Eriksson, 13:30 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2020-10-02 Created: 2020-09-08 Last updated: 2020-11-04Bibliographically approved
Organisations
Identifiers
ORCID iD: ORCID iD iconorcid.org/0000-0001-7384-4552

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