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Publications (10 of 116) Show all publications
Gerber, M., Bianchi, R., Madigan, D., Jonsdottir, I. H., Claussen, M. C. & Gustafsson, H. (2024). Burnout and overtraining in elite athletes: Unresolved issues and avenues for future research. Sports Psychiatry, 3(1), 1-3
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Burnout and overtraining in elite athletes: Unresolved issues and avenues for future research
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2024 (English)In: Sports Psychiatry, ISSN 2674-0052, Vol. 3, no 1, p. 1-3Article in journal, Editorial material (Other academic) Published
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Hogrefe & Huber Publishers, 2024
National Category
Sport and Fitness Sciences
Research subject
Sports Science
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-99200 (URN)10.1024/2674-0052/a000073 (DOI)2-s2.0-85187560159 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2024-04-05 Created: 2024-04-05 Last updated: 2025-02-11Bibliographically approved
Wilhelmsen, T., Lannem, A. M., Sorensen, M., Augutis, M. & Gustafsson, H. (2024). Experiences of Participants with Spinal Cord Injury at an Active Rehabilitation Camp. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology, 9(1), Article ID 7.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Experiences of Participants with Spinal Cord Injury at an Active Rehabilitation Camp
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2024 (English)In: Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology, E-ISSN 2411-5142, Vol. 9, no 1, article id 7Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

This study explored the physical, social, and psychological benefits of an active rehabilitation (AR) camp as experienced by participants with spinal cord injury (SCI), and perceived fitness and mastery of being physically active six months after the camp. The study used a mixed-method design with pre- (n = 23), post- (n = 23), and follow-up questionnaires (n = 18) and individual interviews (n = 8). Fuzzy qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) was used to analyze the quantitative data and qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the qualitative data. Results showed that benefits were mainly experienced in the social and psychological domains. As for the physical domain, younger and more recently injured persons with tetraplegia reported more benefits. Six months after the camp, being in the preparation stage of change and being somewhat physically active were necessary and sufficient conditions for experiencing mastery of physical activity regardless of injury type, but only persons with paraplegia experienced fitness benefits. Qualitative data shed further light on the perceived benefits of the camp. The knowledge gained from this study might help practitioners to tailor interventions to individual needs and researchers to ask questions that take into consideration the complexity of active rehabilitation and changes in physical activity behavior for people with SCI.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
MDPI, 2024
Keywords
active rehabilitation, fitness, fuzzy qualitative comparative analysis, physical activity camps, psychological benefits, social benefits, spinal cord injury
National Category
Other Health Sciences Physiotherapy Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology
Research subject
Sports Science
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-99240 (URN)10.3390/jfmk9010007 (DOI)001192711300001 ()38249084 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85188963042 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2024-04-08 Created: 2024-04-08 Last updated: 2025-02-11Bibliographically approved
Pires, D. A., Isoard-Gautheur, S., Madigan, D. J., Smith, A. L. & Gustafsson, H. (2024). Five unsolved issues concerning burnout in athletes: An expert perspective. Sports Psychiatry, 3(1), 39-46
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Five unsolved issues concerning burnout in athletes: An expert perspective
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2024 (English)In: Sports Psychiatry, ISSN 2674-0052, Vol. 3, no 1, p. 39-46Article, review/survey (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Introduction: Concern about mental health is an increasingly relevant topic in high-performance sport. In this regard, because burnout can be harmful to both the health and performance of athletes, it is of particular importance. Although a great deal of time and effort has been dedicated to the study of athlete burnout, there are still issues that require further work. Therefore, in the present paper, we aim to highlight what, in our perspective, are the most important unsolved issues regarding burnout in athletes. Methods: We brought together expert athlete burnout scholars to offer their perspectives on five unresolved issues in this research area. Results: We describe the following five issues that require further research attention: (i) burnout as a syndrome, (ii) the negative consequences of burnout, (iii) the role of recovery in burnout, (iv) the importance of the social environment, and (v) developing effective interventions to reduce/prevent burnout. Conclusion: Our commentary provides suggestions for future research to help solve these problems, advance our understanding of athlete burnout, and ultimately safeguard the mental health of athletes.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Hogrefe & Huber Publishers, 2024
Keywords
competitive sports, mental health, social environment, recovery, psychological interventions
National Category
Sport and Fitness Sciences
Research subject
Sports Science
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-99210 (URN)10.1024/2674-0052/a000074 (DOI)2-s2.0-85187560918 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2024-04-05 Created: 2024-04-05 Last updated: 2025-02-11Bibliographically approved
Bartura, K., Abrahamsen, F. E., Gustafsson, H., Hatzigeorgiadis, A. & Gorgulu, R. (2024). Ironic processes of concentration and suppression under pressure: A study on rifle shooting in Norwegian elite biathletes. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 34(5), Article ID e14647.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Ironic processes of concentration and suppression under pressure: A study on rifle shooting in Norwegian elite biathletes
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2024 (English)In: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, ISSN 0905-7188, E-ISSN 1600-0838, Vol. 34, no 5, article id e14647Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

In rifle shooting, suppressing unwanted thoughts can backfire in one's performance, causing athletes to behave contrary to their desired intention and further deteriorate their performance.PurposeThis study examined how priming attentional and negative cues affected participants' shooting performances toward ironic error targets under cognitive load conditions in Stroop task across two experiments.MethodsSemi-elite biathletes (Experiment 1, n = 10; Experiment 2, n = 9) participated in the study. The study used a within-subject quasi-experimental design, particularly a one-way repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance and a 2 x 2 fully repeated measures analysis of variance, to determine the participants' hit rates and shooting response times (RTs). In both experiments, the participants completed the reverse-Stroop-based target shooting performance under low- and high-cognitive load conditions while receiving frequent priming attentional and negative cues.ResultsThe findings from Experiment 1 suggest that regulating repetitive priming attentional thoughts is efficacious in mitigating the likelihood of ironic performance errors and interference effects. The results of Experiment 2 show that repetitive priming negative cues resulted in negligible ironic error hit rates and slower RTs in target hits under high-cognitive load conditions. The Bayesian analyses provided evidence supporting the null hypotheses.ConclusionTrying to control repetitive priming attentional and negative thoughts reduces ironic performance errors to a similar degree under cognitive load conditions among biathletes, regardless of interference effects. Further research is needed to determine the effectiveness of suppressing task-relevant negative instructions in reducing the likelihood of ironic performance errors under pressure.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
John Wiley & Sons, 2024
Keywords
interference effect, ironic error, negative instruction, priming, rifle shooting, Stroop task
National Category
Sport and Fitness Sciences Economics
Research subject
Sports Science
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-100073 (URN)10.1111/sms.14647 (DOI)001218681200001 ()38736188 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85192915436 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2024-06-12 Created: 2024-06-12 Last updated: 2025-02-11Bibliographically approved
Moore, L., Isoard-Gautheur, S. & Gustafsson, H. (2024). Psychophysiological markers of athlete burnout: a call to arms. International Journal of Sports Medicine
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Psychophysiological markers of athlete burnout: a call to arms
2024 (English)In: International Journal of Sports Medicine, ISSN 0172-4622, E-ISSN 1439-3964Article, review/survey (Refereed) Epub ahead of print
Abstract [en]

Burnout is a growing problem in high-performance sport and has negative consequences for athletes (e.g., mental ill-health). It is therefore important to effectively monitor athlete burnout to aid intervention efforts. While self-report measures are available (e.g., athlete burnout questionnaire), the limitations associated with these measures (e.g., social desirability bias) means that objective physiological markers may also be useful. Thus, this article critically discusses potential biomarkers of athlete burnout, drawing on research inside and outside of sport to offer an overview of the current state-of-the-art in this research area. First, it outlines what athlete burnout is, its deleterious consequences, and discusses existing psychological assessments. The article then critically discusses literature on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (e.g., salivary cortisol) and autonomic nervous system (e.g., heart rate variability) indices of burnout, highlighting some promising biomarkers for future research (e.g., salivary cortisol at bedtime, vagally-mediated heart rate variability at rest). Finally, the article concludes by highlighting key considerations and offering recommendations for future research (e.g., use of more homogenous methods in assessing burnout and physiological parameters). As a result, the intention of this article is to spark more higher quality research on the psychophysiology of athlete burnout, thereby helping tackle this prominent issue in high-performance sport.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2024
Keywords
Biomarkers, Exhaustion, Mental Health, Sport Devaluation, Well-Being
National Category
Sport and Fitness Sciences Applied Psychology
Research subject
Sports Science
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-102420 (URN)10.1055/a-2433-3930 (DOI)001360460400001 ()39357834 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85210282048 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2024-12-06 Created: 2024-12-06 Last updated: 2025-02-11Bibliographically approved
Bartura, K., Gorgulu, R., Abrahamsen, F. & Gustafsson, H. (2023). A systematic review of ironic effects of motor task performance under pressure: The past 25 years. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology
Open this publication in new window or tab >>A systematic review of ironic effects of motor task performance under pressure: The past 25 years
2023 (English)In: International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, ISSN 1750-984X, E-ISSN 1750-9858Article in journal (Refereed) Epub ahead of print
Abstract [en]

Wegner's theory of ironic processes of mental control emphasizes how the implementation of cognitive load-induced avoidant instructions can cause inefficient motor cognition in sports, thereby inducing so-called ironic effects where an individual-ironically-does precisely what s(he) intended not to do. This systematic review synthesizes relevant existing research and evaluates the effectiveness of experimental manipulations and cognitive load measurements for investigating ironic effects on motor task performance under pressure conditions. This review identified twenty-four empirical studies published before January 2022, including studies with experimental (21%) and quasi-experimental (79%) within- and between-subject designs. The most common reported pressure (i.e., cognitive load) manipulations fell into two categories: anxiety (77%) and dual-task (33%) techniques. The review also identified positive action-oriented instructional interventions to reduce ironic errors. Although most reported findings supported Wegner's assumptions about ironic performance effects, the review also identified inconclusive evidence (8%), which indicates a need for more research with a greater focus on: robust experimental design; the inclusion of competitive stressors; expert athletes; elite athletes; and intervention-based studies. These additions will clarify the mechanisms of ironic effects and assist in the development of interventional programs to diminish the likelihood of ironic effects in sports performance.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Taylor & Francis, 2023
Keywords
Avoidant instruction, cognitive load, ironic effects, ironic processes, mental control, pressure performance
National Category
Sport and Fitness Sciences
Research subject
Special Education
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-94548 (URN)10.1080/1750984X.2023.2193966 (DOI)000970481700001 ()2-s2.0-85152359482 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2023-05-05 Created: 2023-05-05 Last updated: 2025-02-11Bibliographically approved
Haraldsen, H. M. M., Solstad, B. E., Fredriksen, D. C. S., Gustafsson, H., Nordin-Bates, S. M. M. & Knight, C. J. J. (2023). An exploration of reciprocity among teacher and students in female pre-professional ballet education: a shared reality theory perspective. Frontiers in Education, 8, Article ID 1148922.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>An exploration of reciprocity among teacher and students in female pre-professional ballet education: a shared reality theory perspective
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2023 (English)In: Frontiers in Education, E-ISSN 2504-284X, Vol. 8, article id 1148922Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The purpose of the present study was to explore perceptions of shared reality in teacher-student partnerships in ballet, and how these perceptions were related to experiences of quality in the relationship and well-being. A longitudinal qualitative study design was adopted, with three female ballet students and their teacher participating in three semi-structured interviews each over an eight-month period. Data were analyzed using a combination of thematic and narrative analysis. Findings indicated that across the teacher-student relationships there were perceptions of a shared reality only on the professional and distanced level and not on a relational and personal level. This was achieved by a common experience of what matters in the world of ballet education as well as students finding their teacher as trustworthy. Furthermore, it appeared that the authoritarian apprenticeship culture in ballet, where the teachers give clear instructions and feedback, and where the student role is to listen and adapt to the teacher's instructions, was a barrier to fully achieving a shared reality on a personal and deeper level. In turn, this influenced the quality of the relationship and the wellbeing of both teacher and students. The present study offers critical reflections on the cultural backdrop of teaching and learning in ballet and highlights the importance of teachers to facilitate a supportive, unconditional, and trustworthy relationship so that they can work together in a more productive manner.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Frontiers Media S.A., 2023
Keywords
narrative inquiry, ballet dancers, teacher-student relationship, apprenticeship learning, shared reality theory, interpersonal trust, longitudinal qualitative research
National Category
Sport and Fitness Sciences
Research subject
Sports Science
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-95379 (URN)10.3389/feduc.2023.1148922 (DOI)000997622300001 ()2-s2.0-85161008538 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2023-06-16 Created: 2023-06-16 Last updated: 2025-02-11Bibliographically approved
Jordan, M., Wagnsson, S. & Gustafsson, H. (2023). Can an intervention based on motivational interviewing increase teacher efficacy and students’ motivation?. In: : . Paper presented at European Conference on Educational Research (ECER), Glasgow, Scotland, 22-25 August 2023.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Can an intervention based on motivational interviewing increase teacher efficacy and students’ motivation?
2023 (English)Conference paper, Oral presentation with published abstract (Refereed)
Keywords
motivational interviewing, motivation, intervention, teacher efficacy
National Category
Pedagogical Work
Research subject
Education; Educational Work
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-97235 (URN)
Conference
European Conference on Educational Research (ECER), Glasgow, Scotland, 22-25 August 2023
Note

Conference theme: The Value of Diversity in Education and Educational Research.

Available from: 2023-10-30 Created: 2023-10-30 Last updated: 2024-01-08Bibliographically approved
Nyberg, C., Wagnsson, S., Gustafsson, H. & Strahlman, O. (2023). Dual career support among world-class athletes in Sweden: Performance, education, and employment. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, Article ID 1093562.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Dual career support among world-class athletes in Sweden: Performance, education, and employment
2023 (English)In: Frontiers in Psychology, E-ISSN 1664-1078, Vol. 13, article id 1093562Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

In order to help talented athletes to combine sport and education, different forms of Dual Career Support (DCS) have been developed in many countries. The effectiveness of these support systems have been debated. Most studies have investigated young athletes in the beginning of their careers, less is known about athletes who reached the highest levels. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the extent to which former Swedish world-class athletes have attended dual career sport programs at upper secondary school. A retrospective design was used with 274 former world-class athletes who answered a questionnaire. In order to investigate whether there was a relationship between attending a dual career sport school and athletic characteristics, as well as post career educational and employment outcomes, a series of Chi-square tests were conducted. The main results show that more than half of the athletes did not take part in any DCS. These results indicate that DCS in Sweden is not a decisive factor for success in sports as intended. Half of all participants, regardless of whether they studied at DCS, have studied at university, and all participants had a job at the time of data collection. The majority also consider that their financial situation has improved after their sports career.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Frontiers Media S.A., 2023
Keywords
dual career, student-athlete, sport schools, world-class athetes, performance, education, employment
National Category
Applied Psychology
Research subject
Sports Science
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-93314 (URN)10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1093562 (DOI)000914868300001 ()36687839 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85146459153 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2023-02-13 Created: 2023-02-13 Last updated: 2023-02-13Bibliographically approved
DeFreese, J. D., Madigan, D. J. & Gustafsson, H. (2023). Eras of Burnout Research: What Does the Past Tell Us About the Future of Burnout in Sport?. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, 17(4), 365-375
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Eras of Burnout Research: What Does the Past Tell Us About the Future of Burnout in Sport?
2023 (English)In: Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, ISSN 1932-9261, E-ISSN 1932-927X, Vol. 17, no 4, p. 365-375Article in journal, Editorial material (Refereed) Published
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Human Kinetics, 2023
National Category
Sport and Fitness Sciences Psychology
Research subject
Sports Science
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-97383 (URN)10.1123/jcsp.2023-0046 (DOI)001083886500001 ()2-s2.0-85178374269 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2023-11-16 Created: 2023-11-16 Last updated: 2025-02-11Bibliographically approved
Organisations
Identifiers
ORCID iD: ORCID iD iconorcid.org/0000-0002-4495-6819

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