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Breen, C., Clegg, F., Thompson, S., Järnström, L. & Johansson, C. (2019). Exploring the interactions between starches, bentonites and plasticizers in sustainable barrier coatings for paper and board. Applied Clay Science, 183, Article ID 105272.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Exploring the interactions between starches, bentonites and plasticizers in sustainable barrier coatings for paper and board
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2019 (English)In: Applied Clay Science, ISSN 0169-1317, E-ISSN 1872-9053, Vol. 183, article id 105272Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Effective food packaging is a major factor in the current global drive to minimise food waste. Starch is an excellent oxygen barrier for packaging but it is brittle and moisture sensitive. The addition of layered minerals and plasticizers can significantly improve the moisture barrier and flexibility of the resulting composite. Some combinations of starch and plasticizer are incompatible but our results show that the addition of bentonite ensures the formation of coherent starch films with much improved moisture barrier regardless of the starch-plasticizer compatibility. It was clearly demonstrated that improvement of the moisture barrier was critically dependent on the layer charge of the bentonite used. Starch was readily accommodated in the interlayer space of bentonites with a layer charge of <0.4 electrons per formula unit but was not adsorbed if the layer charge was above this value. Starch-bentonite-plasticizer coatings prepared using bentonites with the lower layer charge routinely produced higher barriers to water vapour. The water vapour transmission rate (WVTR) of the base paper was reduced from 780 to 340 ± 20 g m2 day−1 when coated with starch alone. This was further reduced to 48 or 66 g m2 day−1 if glycerol or lower charge bentonite, respectively, was added to the starch. Optimised coatings of starch-lower charge bentonite-plasticizer provided WVTR values of ≤10 g m2 day−1 whereas WVTR values for comparative coatings prepared using the higher charge bentonites were three to four times higher (35 ± 7 g m2 day−1). Scanning electron micrographs provided clear evidence for the presence of 60 nm thick supramolecular layers formed from starch-bentonite-plasticizer in the samples coated on either glass or paper. The WVTR values for these low-eco footprint coatings are competitive with proprietary coatings prepared using petroleum derived resins.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier Ltd, 2019
Keywords
Barrier coating, Bentonite, Layer charge, SEM, Starch, X-ray diffraction, Coatings, Moisture, Plasticizers, Reinforced plastics, Scanning electron microscopy, Solvents, Water vapor, X ray diffraction, Barrier coatings, Interlayer spaces, Moisture barriers, Paper and boards, Scanning electron micrographs, Supramolecular layers, Transmission rates, resin, Vapor Barriers
National Category
Chemical Sciences
Research subject
Chemical Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-75726 (URN)10.1016/j.clay.2019.105272 (DOI)000506426500001 ()2-s2.0-85073156077 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2019-11-12 Created: 2019-11-12 Last updated: 2020-01-23Bibliographically approved
Zdanowicz, M. & Johansson, C. (2017). Impact of additives on mechanical and barrier properties of starch-based films plasticized with deep eutectic solvents. Starke (Weinheim), 69(11-12), Article ID UNSP 1700030.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Impact of additives on mechanical and barrier properties of starch-based films plasticized with deep eutectic solvents
2017 (English)In: Starke (Weinheim), ISSN 0038-9056, E-ISSN 1521-379X, Vol. 69, no 11-12, article id UNSP 1700030Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The aim of this work was to prepare starch-based films plasticized with two and three-component deep eutectic solvents (DES) in the presence of different additives:aluminosilicates (sodium and calcium montmorillonite), microcrystalline cellulose, and tannin; and to investigate their influence on mechanical and barrier properties of the films. Mutual interactions between polysaccharide matrix, plasticizer, and additive were investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Two types of starches were used:native potato starch (TPS) and hydroxypropylated, oxidized potato starch (HOPS). The two-component DES CC:G consisted of choline chloride (CC) and glycerol (G), whereas the three-component DES with crosslinking activity CCit:U:G, included choline citrate (CCit), urea (U), and glycerol. For the TPS/CCit:U:G films an improvement of the mechanical and barrier properties was obtained after introduction of additives, whereas for TPS/CC:G only a slight decrease in water vapor transmission rate was observed, without any significant improvement in mechanical properties. Moreover, the mechanical test results, FTIR spectra, and the oxygen transmission rate values revealed that the clays interacted with plasticizer components, thereby hindering crosslinking reactions between plasticizer and starch.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Wiley, 2017
National Category
Chemical Sciences
Research subject
Chemistry
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-65925 (URN)10.1002/star.201700030 (DOI)000417019700011 ()
Available from: 2018-01-25 Created: 2018-01-25 Last updated: 2018-07-04Bibliographically approved
Christophliemk, H., Johansson, C., Ullsten, H. & Järnström, L. (2017). Oxygen and water vapor transmission rates of starch-poly(vinyl alcohol) barrier coatings for flexible packaging paper. Progress in organic coatings, 113, 218-224
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Oxygen and water vapor transmission rates of starch-poly(vinyl alcohol) barrier coatings for flexible packaging paper
2017 (English)In: Progress in organic coatings, ISSN 0300-9440, E-ISSN 1873-331X, Vol. 113, p. 218-224Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Creating efficient water-borne dispersions based mainly on renewable materials for coating of flexible packaging paper was the aim of this study. The effects of an ethylene modified poly(vinyl alcohol) grade and a standard poly(vinyl alcohol) on the oxygen and water vapor barrier performance of corn starch and potato starch coatings was studied. The results showed that a coating composition with a high fraction of a renewable polymer was effective in keeping the oxygen barrier at a technically and commercially applicable level. An ethylene modified poly(vinyl alcohol) grade was found to provide lower oxygen transmission rates at high relative humidity, as compared to a standard poly(vinyl alcohol) grade. The oxygen barrier properties of blends of starch and poly (vinyl alcohol) were similar to that of the pure modified poly(vinyl alcohol) in the range from 0% starch to 60% starch. This was observed with both hydroxypropylated and octenyl succinate modified starch grades. The drying conditions of the mixed starch:poly(vinyl alcohol) coatings were based on drying trials with pure poly (vinyl alcohol) coatings. Drying at moderate temperatures indicated the possibility to slightly decrease water vapor transmission rate by higher drying temperature. Several secondary effects of increased drying temperature such as coating hold-out and formation of defects may also be of importance.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2017
National Category
Chemical Engineering
Research subject
Chemical Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-65894 (URN)10.1016/j.porgcoat.2017.04.019 (DOI)000414114700024 ()
Funder
EU, FP7, Seventh Framework Programme
Available from: 2018-01-25 Created: 2018-01-25 Last updated: 2019-07-10Bibliographically approved
Christophliemk, H., Ullsten, H., Johansson, C. & Järnström, L. (2017). Starch-poly(vinyl alcohol) barrier coatings for flexible packaging paper and their effects of phase interactions. Progress in organic coatings, 111, 13-22
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Starch-poly(vinyl alcohol) barrier coatings for flexible packaging paper and their effects of phase interactions
2017 (English)In: Progress in organic coatings, ISSN 0300-9440, E-ISSN 1873-331X, Vol. 111, p. 13-22Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Starch and poly(vinyl alcohol) based barrier coatings for flexible packaging papers were studied. Both octenyl succinate modified and hydroxypropylated corn and potato starches were blended with regular and ethylene modified poly(vinyl alcohol) to increase the water vapor barrier properties and enhance the flexibility of the starch coatings, in order to accomplish superior barrier performance. Phase separation between starch and poly (vinyl alcohol) was studied in detail, both in the solution and in dry draw-down coatings on paper. The barrier performance of the coated paper was evaluated with respect to water vapor transmission rate. Conditions for the creation of a thin surface layer consisting of only one of the pure polymers were identified and discussed in terms of phase separation in solution migration of poly(vinyl alcohol) to the uppermost surface layer. The phase separation promoted low water vapor transmission rates also with a rather high fraction of starch in the coatings

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2017
National Category
Polymer Chemistry Polymer Technologies Paper, Pulp and Fiber Technology
Research subject
Chemical Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-65723 (URN)10.1016/j.porgcoat.2017.04.018 (DOI)000407184600002 ()
Available from: 2018-01-18 Created: 2018-01-18 Last updated: 2020-05-26Bibliographically approved
Johansson, C. (2016). Bioplastics (2ed.). In: Olabisi, O., Adewale, K. (Ed.), Handbook of Thermoplastics: Second Edition (pp. 835-876). CRC Press
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Bioplastics
2016 (English)In: Handbook of Thermoplastics: Second Edition / [ed] Olabisi, O., Adewale, K., CRC Press, 2016, 2, p. 835-876Chapter in book (Other academic)
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
CRC Press, 2016 Edition: 2
National Category
Chemical Engineering
Research subject
Chemical Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-44411 (URN)978-1-4665-7722-0 (ISBN)978-1-4665-7723-7 (ISBN)
Available from: 2016-07-06 Created: 2016-07-06 Last updated: 2020-06-02Bibliographically approved
Bohlin, E., Johansson, C. & Lestelius, M. (2016). Flexographic ink-coating interactions: Effects of latex variations in coating layers. TAPPI Journal, 15(4), 253-262
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Flexographic ink-coating interactions: Effects of latex variations in coating layers
2016 (English)In: TAPPI Journal, ISSN 0734-1415, Vol. 15, no 4, p. 253-262Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
TAPPI Press, 2016
National Category
Chemical Sciences
Research subject
Chemical Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-30027 (URN)000382526700003 ()
Available from: 2013-11-15 Created: 2013-11-15 Last updated: 2019-07-09Bibliographically approved
Johansson, C., Bohlin, E. & Lestelius, M. (2016). Impact of coating composition and structure on print quality of flexographic printed paperboard. In: 14th TAPPI Advanced coating symposium proceedings: . Paper presented at 14th TAPPI Advanced coating symposium 4-6 Oct Stockholm Sweden (pp. 14-17). Peachtree Corners, GA: TAPPI Press
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Impact of coating composition and structure on print quality of flexographic printed paperboard
2016 (English)In: 14th TAPPI Advanced coating symposium proceedings, Peachtree Corners, GA: TAPPI Press, 2016, p. 14-17Conference paper, Oral presentation with published abstract (Other academic)
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Peachtree Corners, GA: TAPPI Press, 2016
National Category
Chemical Engineering
Research subject
Chemical Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-46461 (URN)
Conference
14th TAPPI Advanced coating symposium 4-6 Oct Stockholm Sweden
Available from: 2016-10-13 Created: 2016-10-13 Last updated: 2020-07-02Bibliographically approved
Zdanowicz, M. & Johansson, C. (2016). Mechanical and barrier properties of starch-based films plasticized with two- or three component deep eutectic solvents. Carbohydrate Polymers, 151, 103-112
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Mechanical and barrier properties of starch-based films plasticized with two- or three component deep eutectic solvents
2016 (English)In: Carbohydrate Polymers, ISSN 0144-8617, E-ISSN 1879-1344, Vol. 151, p. 103-112Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2016
Keywords
starch, deep eutectic solvent, plasticizer, mechanical properties, barrier properties, crosslinking
National Category
Chemical Engineering
Research subject
Chemical Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-44412 (URN)10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.05.061 (DOI)000380943900012 ()27474548 (PubMedID)
Available from: 2016-07-06 Created: 2016-07-06 Last updated: 2017-08-08Bibliographically approved
Johansson, C. & Clegg, F. (2015). Effect of clay type on dispersion and barrier properties of hydrophobically modified poly(vinyl alcohol)-bentonite nanocomposites. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 132(28), Article ID 42229.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Effect of clay type on dispersion and barrier properties of hydrophobically modified poly(vinyl alcohol)-bentonite nanocomposites
2015 (English)In: Journal of Applied Polymer Science, ISSN 0021-8995, E-ISSN 1097-4628, Vol. 132, no 28, article id 42229Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The oxygen and water vapor permeability at high relative humidity was studied for composite films formed by incorporation of three different bentonites (MMT) into an ethylene-modified, water-soluble poly(vinyl alcohol), EPVOH. The oxygen permeability decreased linearly with an increased addition of hydrophilic MMTs. X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy suggested a homogeneous distribution in the thickness direction with disordered and probably exfoliated structures for hydrophilic MMTs. In contrast, organophilic modified clay showed an intercalated structure with the clay preferentially located at the lower film surface, a combination which was however efficient in reducing the water vapor- and oxygen permeabilities at low addition levels. Composite films of EPVOH and Na+-exchanged MMT resulted in high resistance to dissolution in water, which was ascribed to strong interactions between the components resulting from matching polarities. Annealing the films at 120 degrees C resulted in enhanced resistance to water dissolution and a further reduction in oxygen permeability.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
John Wiley & Sons, 2015
Keywords
clay, composites, films, packaging, surfaces and interfaces
National Category
Polymer Technologies
Research subject
Chemical Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-37296 (URN)10.1002/app.42229 (DOI)000353964000010 ()
Available from: 2015-08-06 Created: 2015-08-06 Last updated: 2017-12-04Bibliographically approved
Johansson, C. & Clegg, F. (2015). Hydrophobically modified poly (vinyl alcohol) and bentonite nanocomposites thereof: Barrier, mechanical, and aesthetic properties. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 132(13), 41737
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Hydrophobically modified poly (vinyl alcohol) and bentonite nanocomposites thereof: Barrier, mechanical, and aesthetic properties
2015 (English)In: Journal of Applied Polymer Science, ISSN 0021-8995, E-ISSN 1097-4628, Vol. 132, no 13, p. 41737-Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Composite films were formed by incorporating three different bentonites into an ethylene modified, water-soluble poly(vinyl alcohol), EPVOH. The interaction of EPVOH with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic bentonites was investigated. EPVOH provided lower water vapor and oxygen transmission rates compared to a conventional PVOH grade when exposed at high relative humidities (70–90% RH). EPVOH films which exhibited oxygen barrier properties comparable to that of a biaxially oriented PET packaging film at 80% RH were produced. High compatibility between EPVOH and hydrophilic bentonites provided an even distribution of clay platelets in the composites. A strong increase in Young's modulus with increased addition of any of the three bentonites was found. At low addition levels the hydrophobic bentonite proved to be effective in terms of maintaining high elongation at break, high transparency and high gloss

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Wiley-Blackwell, 2015
Keywords
clay, composites, films, mechanical properties, packaging
National Category
Chemical Engineering
Research subject
Chemical Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-35784 (URN)10.1002/app.41737 (DOI)000347464200024 ()
Available from: 2015-04-08 Created: 2015-04-08 Last updated: 2020-04-08Bibliographically approved
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Identifiers
ORCID iD: ORCID iD iconorcid.org/0000-0001-7368-7227

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