The purpose was to investigate the association between disability, and psychosomatic problems among adolescents at compulsory regular school also taking into account parental and student achievement expectations and student self-efficacy. We analysed cross-sectional questionnaire data collected in 2010, from 2004 Swedish adolescents. The results showed that the degree of psychosomatic problems and self-efficacy varied with regard to whether the adolescent reported having a disability or not. The distribution of parents’ and adolescents’ own achievement expectations did not differ significantly with regard to having a disability. Neither achievement expectations nor self-efficacy did moderate the association between disability and psychosomatic problems.

Samsjuklighet bland personer med missbruk och/eller beroende är vanligt förekommande. Exempelvis är psykiska sjukdomar tre gånger så vanligt hos de som missbrukar alkohol, jämfört med hos personer som inte gör det. Särskilt vanligt förekommande är samsjuklighet av missbruk och psykiska sjukdomar bland klienter som befinner sig i missbruksvårdens sammanhang. Tidigare forskning har visat att behandling av missbruk och beroende med psykiatrisk samsjuklighet är mest effektiv när insatserna integreras. Trots detta saknas sådan behandling på bred basis. Syftet med föreliggande projekt var att pilottesta integrerad behandling i LVM-vårdens kontext, med huvudfokus på genomförbarhet och hållbarhet. Ett underordnat syfte var att beskriva effekterna av sådan behandling. Två behandlingsmodeller pilottestades vid tre SiS-institutioner. Den ena modellen, Integrating Combined Therapies (ICT), pilottestades vid två institutioner och den andra modellen, Enhanced Illness Management and Recovery (E-IMR), testades vid en institution. Totalt ingick 70 klienter i ICT-behandlingsgruppen, och elva klienter i E-IMR-gruppen. Utöver detta intervjuades 14 anställda vid de tre olika institutionerna. Implementeringen av E-IMR tog inte fäste, huvudsakligen på grund av yttre organisatoriska omständigheter. Vad gäller ICT, tyder resultaten på att modellen är genomförbar inom LVM-vården. Likaså föreligger goda tecken på hållbarhet. Det är dock viktigt att beakta att denna pilotimplementering är en relativt liten studie där det inte funnits någon kontrollgrupp. Utifrån designen på forskningsprojektet går det därför inte att dra säkra slutsatser om de positiva effekter av ICT som observera

Time, or rather lack of time, is currently an issue to many involved in social work, in Sweden and elsewhere. Stress at work is presently one of the most common reasons social workers state for leaving their profession or their workplace. This article examines how time is perceived in relation to work and private life by employees in the social services. The investigation was conducted as a qualitative interview study with six social workers. An abductive approach was adopted in the analysis. The results indicate a general experience of lack of time and an individual perception of time among the interviewees. What they say about time indicates that they have a monochronic perspective on time. It is also shown that the respondents use different curbing strategies to recuperate. At work, strategies take the form of creating recovery arenas allowing for micropauses such as eating an apple or having a cup of coffee. After work, exercising or strolling in the woods are common strategies. In relation to the employer and the organisation individuals also assume responsibility for organisational shortcomings that they cannot influence. © 2018 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group

Background: The purpose was to study possible changes in adolescents' opportunities for purchasing tobacco during the period 1996–2005. The study also investigated regional differences in adolescents' opportunities for purchasing tobacco, and elucidated the efforts by the authorities to affect the compliance with the minimum-age law of 18. Methods: In 1996, 1999, 2002, and 2005, 3150 test purchases of tobacco were conducted in controlled forms by 48 adolescents in three regions of Sweden. In addition, in 2005, 28 structured telephone interviews were conducted with key people in tobacco prevention work. Results: In 1996, 84% of all test purchases in shops with a voluntary age-limit ended with the test purchasers succeeding in purchasing tobacco. This may be compared with 48% in 2005, 8 years after the age-limit law was introduced. The result of the test purchases and of the interviews showed differences between the three regions in compliance and in activities connected with the minimum-age tobacco law. Conclusions: The study shows that the minimum-age law for the purchase of tobacco has had an effect on adolescents' opportunities for purchasing tobacco and that compliance has improved since its introduction in 1997. The result also indicates avenues for further improving compliance with the age-limit law.

The purpose of this study was to increase understanding of the prerequisites for tobacco prevention. The situations before and after the introduction of a minimum-age law were compared with respect to opportunities for adolescents to buy tobacco, and to attitudes towards the law. Data were collected in 1996 and 2000 with a questionnaire among all pupils in years 7 and 9 of compulsory school, and among pupils in year 2 of upper-secondary school in three regions of Sweden. Tobacco had become less available from shops, while there was an increase in the proportion of adolescents who buy tobacco from friends. Among smokers the support for this law was higher in 2000 than 1996, while the pattern among non-smokers was not consistent across age-groups or gender. Regardless of smoking habits, age-group and gender, the proportion of adolescents who believed that the law had an effect in reducing smoking had decreased. The changes described in this article are discussed in terms of the different ways available to improve the implementation of the minimum-age law.Read More: http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09687630500343095

AIMS:

The purpose of the study is partly to compare the possibility of adolescents purchasing tobacco before and after the introduction of the minimum age law of 18 years, respectively, and partly to examine the factors that characterize the situations in which adolescents may or may not purchase tobacco, respectively.

METHODS:

Under controlled conditions, adolescents of varying ages carried out test purchases of tobacco. A total of 1,500 attempted purchases were made with the help of 24 adolescents in three regions of Sweden. In 1996, the year before a minimum-age law of 18 for tobacco purchases went into effect, 750 attempted purchases were made, followed by 750 attempted purchases in 1999.

RESULTS:

In 1996, 91% of the attempted purchases of tobacco were successful. In 1999, the corresponding proportion was 82%. The attempted purchases in 1996 and 1999 show a very strong relationship between whether an age check was made and the result of the attempted purchase.

CONCLUSIONS:

The study shows that the introduction of a minimum-age law apparently has had a certain effect on the possibility of adolescent purchasing tobacco but that there are obvious shortcomings in the enforcement of the minimum age. The most apparent shortcoming concerns the lack of age controls. This article discusses measures for strengthening age controls in the sale of tobacco to adolescents.

I föreliggande rapport redovisas en studie bland ungdomar om tobaksvanor och attityder till tobak. Undersökningen har genomförts på uppdrag av Folkhälsoinstitutet och är en del av utvärderingen av den lag om åldersgräns vid 18 år för inköp av tobak, som infördes den 1 januari 1997.Studien genomfördes i november åren 1996 och 2000 och omfattade samtliga elever i årskurs 7 och 9 på högstadiet samt årskurs 2 i gymnasieskolan i Malmö kommun, Värmlands län och Västernorrlands län. Data insamlades med hjälp av ett frågeformulär som besvarades anonymt i klassrummen. Resultaten från undersökningen visar att ungdomars rökvanor i stort sett är desamma hösten 2000 som hösten 1996. Snusandet bland niondeklassare är dock betydligt vanligare år 2000 jämfört med fyra år tidigare. Medan tobaksinköpen i årskurs 7 minskat mellan undersökningstillfällena ligger dessa på ungefär samma nivå i de två äldre årsgrupperna. Tilltron till att 18-årsgränsen skall minska ungdomsrökandet är betydligt lägre i samtliga tre årskurser år 2000 än år 1996. Resultaten indikerar att ålderskontrollen fungerar bristfälligt.Författare: Curt Hagquist är docent i folkhälsovetenskap och anställd vid Karlstads universitet. Tony Nilsson är fil mag. i folkhälsovetenskap och anställd vid Karlstads universitet. Mona Sundh är master i folkhälsovetenskap och anställd vid Karlstads universitet. Charli Eriksson är professor i folkhälsovetenskap vid Örebro universitet och tidigare vetenskapligt ansvarig vid Folkhälsoinstitutet. Arja Rimpelä är professor i folkhälsovetenskap vid Tammerfors universitet i Finland. Matti Rimpelä är professor vid Stakes (Forsknings- och utvecklingscentralen för social- och hälsovård) i Finland.